Unstable Employment Research Articles

Turnover Intention the Implication of Burnout and Unstable Employment

Turnover intention, which can be brought on by a variety of factors such as severe work stress or unstable environmental conditions, is the desire to move but has not yet taken the realization step. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of: 1) Unstable employment on turnover intention. 2) Unstable employment on Burn out and 3) Burn out on Turnover intention. The data collection method used in this study was through a questionnaire. The research population is the employees of PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia tbk with a total of 40 employees. The research sample is a saturated sample. Data were analyzed using PLS. The results showed that: 1) Unstable employment had a significant positive effect on turnover intention. 2) Unstable employment has a significant positive effect on Burn out. 3) Burn out has a significant positive effect on turnover intention. The results also show that unstable employment has a greater influence on turnover intention, this shows that not everyone thinks that people's discomfort at work can reduce a person's work motivation, causing someone to want to leave his job.

Turnover Intention the Implication of Burnout and Unstable Employment

Turnover Intention the Implication of Burnout and Unstable Employment

요양보호사의 인권의식이 직업윤리와 직무만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Korea's long-term care insurance system has dramatically expanded the elderly care industry infrastructure. On the other hand, side effects such as lack of professionalism of caregivers and unstable employment and treatment have emerged. Due to the rapid aging of the elderly, the long-term care insurance system was designed as an alternative to social filial piety and social care due to the explosive increase in the elderly population with needs and desires for care and the limitations of traditional family support. In addition, in preparation for the reduction of the economically active population due to low birth rates, the purpose is to promote women's participation in economic activities at home and to create care jobs suitable for women on a large scale. This study empirically analyzed the effects on care ethics and job satisfaction by raising the human rights awareness of caregivers. The summary of the study is as follows. The test results of Hypothesis 1 are as follows. First, human rights awareness had a significant effect on basic work ethics. Second, human rights awareness had a significant effect on work ethics for clients. Third, human rights awareness had a significant effect on work ethics for colleagues. Fourth, human rights awareness had a significant effect on the work ethic of the facility. The test results of Hypothesis 2 are as follows. Fifth, basic ethics had no significant effect on job satisfaction. Sixth, the elderly ethics had no significant effect on job satisfaction. Seventh, work ethic about coworkers had a significant effect on job satisfaction. Eighth, occupational ethics of facilities had a significant effect on job satisfaction.

Is Russian Sociology of Labor Ready to Respond to New Challenges? (Analytical Review of Two Scientific Conferences)

This article provides an analytical review of two major conferences on sociology of labor, held in December of 2021 and March of 2022. The central problem was the precarity of work and the situation of employees given conditions of unstable employment caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The thematic continuity of the events made it possible to realize the persistence and scale of the precarity phenomenon both as a topic of sociological knowledge and as a social problem. In particular, it is shown that precarious work, being intrinsic to an increasing number of people of various professions, warps not only the social role of the employee, but also undermines the role of work as the value- and meaning-forming framework of human life. The empirical data presented by the speakers proved that precarious employment is becoming a new form of exploitation, since it means a relatively low price of labor, a decline in an employee’s qualifications, a limited number of social guarantees, vulnerability in crisis situations. Remote work, something that has become widespread during the pandemic, has brought about not only certain advantages for both the employee and the company (efficiency, saving time and other resources, advanced training in the field of information technology), but also new forms of exploitation (extending the work day, using personal and familial resources for work, etc.). The article closes with conclusions regarding the potential demand for the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the scientific discussions held when it comes to counteracting the precarization of employment and labor relations.

Precarization of youth labour as a factor in the formation of the "self-employed" group

The article discusses the process of precarization of youth in Russia which is caused by changing of labor relations in modern economy, widespreading of non-formal practices and gig-economy. Particularly the peculiarities of the formation of a self-employed group in Russia, which is linked with new legislature and adopting new tax regime for professional activity. The legislative framework and statistical data are analyzed, which allow us to identify trends in the formation of this group, describe disadvantages of new regime and to state that intensive growth of the self-employed layer is not expected in the near future. Based on empirical data obtained during quantitative (all-Russian survey) and qualitative (focus group interviews) sociological studies, the main risks of precarization of the self-employed group are identified: unstable employment, unemployment, low incomes, lack of social guarantees, mismatch of qualifications and education to work, etc. It was exposed that according their professional and labor orientations and strategies group of self-employment is very close to the group of individual entrepreneurs, which let us consider them as potential social base to stratum of entrepreneurs. The specifics of precarization of young people associated with the vulnerability of their economic and social status at the beginning of their career, the directions of their life strategies and ideas about the prospects of economic and political development in the country are shown. The data on the individual social fears of the respondents and interviewees allow us to conclude that self-employment based on forced and voluntary grounds leads to the construction of different life strategies and labor practices, which also correlates with the spheres of employment.

Biographical Work as a Mechanism of Dealing with Precarity and Precariousness

The article aims to explore the relationship between biographical work and the strategies of managing precarity (low-paid and unstable employment) and precariousness (insecurity and insta­bility of life conditions in general) in Poland’s new capitalism. Poland witnessed the rise of precarity during the entire capitalist transformation after 1989, while the expansion of precarious, temporary, and non-standard employment accelerated in the first two decades of the 21st century. The main the­oretical framework of the article is based on concepts deriving from biographical sociology and was elaborated during a joint workshop with German biographical researcher, Fritz Schütze, within the PREWORK project. The case of a young female shop assistant, Helena, with a difficult family and work background was selected from a larger sample of 63 biographical narrative interviews with precarious young workers in Poland. Based on the case study and the broader context of the research project, it is argued that biographical work may have the potential for questioning and challenging precarity; yet, without necessary biographical and social resources, such a process is hard to be completed. As a result, the paper questions the macrosocial vision of “precariat” as the “class in-the-making” and instead offers a detailed account of the microsocial ways of dealing with precarity by a representative of the most disadvantaged group of precarious young workers.

Health-related selection into employment among the unemployed

BackgroundSuccessful transitions from unemployment to employment are an important concern, yet little is known about health-related selection into employment. We assessed the association of various physical and psychiatric conditions with finding employment, and employment stability.MethodsUsing total population register data, we followed Finnish residents aged 30–60 with an unemployment spell during 2009–2018 (n = 814,085) for two years from the onset of unemployment. We predicted any, stable, and unstable employment by health status using Cox proportional hazards models. The data on specialized health care and prescription reimbursement were used to identify any alcohol-related conditions and poisonings, psychiatric conditions and self-harm, injuries, and physical conditions. We further separated physical conditions into cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and neurological conditions, and psychiatric conditions into depression, anxiety disorders and substance use disorders.ResultsThe likelihood of any employment was lower among those who had any of the assessed health conditions. It was lowest among those with alcohol-related or psychiatric conditions with an age-adjusted hazard ratio of 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.44, 0.46) among men and 0.39 (0.38, 0.41) among women for alcohol-related and 0.64 (0.63, 0.65) and 0.66 (0.65, 0.67) for psychiatric conditions, respectively. These results were not driven by differences in socioeconomic characteristics or comorbidities. All the included conditions were detrimental to both stable and unstable employment, however alcohol-related and psychiatric conditions were more harmful for stable than for unstable employment.ConclusionsThe prospects of the unemployed finding employment are reduced by poor health, particularly alcohol-related and psychiatric conditions. These two conditions may also lead to unstable career trajectories. The selection process contributes to the health differentials between employed and unemployed people. Unemployed people with health problems may therefore need additional support to improve their chances of employment.

Relationship Between Employment Status and Unstable Periods in Outpatients with Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Treatment Survey for Bipolar Disorder in Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics (MUSUBI) Study.

PurposeTo clarify the relationship between the length of unstable periods and employment status of patients with bipolar disorder.Patients and MethodsMedical records of outpatients with bipolar disorder who visited 176 member clinics of the Japanese Association of Neuro-Psychiatric Clinics were investigated during September–October 2016, and details of their medical care and employment were surveyed using a questionnaire. The odds ratios (ORs) of length of unstable period and unemployment were analyzed with a logistic regression model.ResultsThe study included 816 patients, of whom 707 were employed full-time (continuous employment) and 70 were unemployed (loss of employment). Univariate analysis showed that ORs were statistically significant for patients who were unstable for “almost all” of the year (OR = 10.4 [4.48–24.28] p < 0.001), but not for “few” unstable periods (OR = 1.06 [0.56–1.98] p = 0.849) and for “significant” unstable periods (OR = 1.65 [0.73–3.74] p = 0.231) were not significantly different. Multivariate analysis showed that ORs were statistically “significant” for patients who were unstable for “almost all” (OR = 12.1 [4.37–33.3] p < 0.001), but not for “few” unstable periods (OR = 1.07 [0.55–2.07] p = 0.846) and for “significant” unstable periods (OR = 1.62 [0.66–3.98] p = 0.290) did not differ significantly.ConclusionPatients with bipolar disorder with a long unstable period were associated with a higher risk of unemployment.

The game of popularity: The earnings system and labor control in the live streaming industry

The case study in this paper concerns a street performance band in Wuhan, each of whose members is under contract as a live streamer. Borrowing from Michael Burawoy's concept of “the game of making out”, this study describes the labor control mechanism in the live streaming industry as a “game of popularity”. Popularity is a pivotal indicator of labor price, determining the compensation of contracted live streamers. However, this seemingly objective popularity indicator can in fact be manipulated. Both live streamers and platform providers can benefit from purchasing “fake popularity”. In the game of popularity manipulation, the interests of capital and labor are conjoined, and consensus reached. In collaboration, live streamers become co-conspirators of capital and thus lose control over their own labor output, and the relation between labor input and compensation is distorted. By participating in this manipulation, live streamers help affirm the ideological dominance of the platform economy. The neoliberal work ethic that emphasizes individual responsibility conceals the power relationship behind unstable employment modes like live streaming. Despite being horrendously exploited, live streamers still think of themselves as someone with an “independent destiny”. The online platform economy has transformed the labor–capital relationship. The earnings distribution system, in combination with other social factors, often plays a vital role in labor control. Therefore, understanding this system and its influence on labor processes and ideology is the correct way to start for any exploration of concepts such as the “industry regime” or “sector regime”.

Employment Precarization and Subjective Well-Being of Employees in Different Age Groups

The article looks into age-related differences in the degree of employment precarization and in the nature of its relationship with the subjective well-being of workers, with the perception of unstable conditions of employment and labor activity. Based on data from the all-Russian survey of the working population, three worker age groups are compared: up to 29 years old, 30–49 years old, 50 years old and up. It is found that indicators of precarization are more common among young people, while being less often found among older people and middle-aged workers. These age groups go in the same order if they are ranked in descending order of employment precarization index values, which is a number constructed of those precarity indicators that an employee displays simultaneously. Age-related differences are also found in the specifics of the relationship between precarization and subjective assessments of the situation in the realm of work and life in general. Unstable employment hurts middle-aged workers the most: among them an increase in employment precarization is associated not just with a decrease in satisfaction with one’s job, wages and working conditions (that’s typical for all age categories), but also with increased concern over various problems at their place of work, social pessimism, dissatisfaction with life and the changes that have occurred in it. For young people and older workers only a few of these indicators (primarily those related to evaluations of working conditions and place of work) are associated with increased employment precarization.

Comparison of Work-Related Stress in Cluster of Workers' Suicides in Korea: Analysis of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance, 2010-2017.

Background: There is limited research on the heterogeneity of worker suicides. We compared differences in workers’ suicides by clustering suicide deaths. Methods: From 2010 to 2017, 353 suicide deaths were claimed in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance; variables were coded using a standardized methodology. A two-step cluster analysis classified the clusters based on demographic and employment conditions. Details of the suicide, clinical variables, personal stresses, and work-related stresses were compared using the chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: We identified five clusters and they differed particularly in work-related stress. “Responsibility-burdened type” experienced excessive responsibility as managers; “role-changed type” experienced a sudden and unpredictable role change as clerks or sales workers; “risk-exposed type” experienced physical risk factors at work (working alone, outdoors, and in shifts) as machine operating and assembling workers, or craft and related trades workers; “job-insecurity type” experienced unstable employment (irregular, nonpermanent) as elementary or service workers; “workplace-violence type” was mainly unmarried women who lived alone, and experienced interpersonal conflict and violence as professionals and related workers. There were no differences between clusters in clinical variables (except problem drinking) and personal stresses. Conclusion: Interventions to alleviate work-related stress in worker clusters are needed to prevent suicide in workers.

Factors associated with food security of Texas Woman’s University freshmen

Objective To investigate what factors are associated with food insecurity (FI) among freshman students and identify potential solutions. Participants 73 freshman students. Methods Cross-sectional, Internet survey-based study. Fisher’s Exact tests examined factors associated with food security (FS); Cohen’s Kappa assessed the agreement between FI scores and self-assessment; thematic analysis used Nvivo 12. Results FI was 54.2% among the diverse students (65% non-white). Factors associated with FS included mother with a college degree (p = .018); father employed full-time (p < .001); identifying one’s family financial situation as better than others (p = < .001); not obtaining personal student loans (p = 0.022). Students with FI tended to overestimate their FS status. Suggested solutions for FI included: improved finances, improved food accessibility, improved cooking skills. Conclusions Future interventions should target freshmen who obtain personal student loans or have parents with less than a college degree or unstable employment status. (148)

A23 ESTIMATING INDIRECT AND OUT-OF-POCKET COSTS IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A NATION-WIDE CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS

BackgroundIdentifying disease-related costs is a crucial step to plan for proper allocation of resources and future healthcare services for persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease-associated costs are limited.AimsWe aimed to estimate indirect and out of pocket (OOP) pediatric IBD-associated costs in Canada.MethodsIn a nation-wide cross-sectional analysis, caregivers of children and young adults (<17 years) with IBD were invited to complete a questionnaire on lost work hours and OOP costs related to IBD in the 4 weeks prior to the survey. Participants were re-invited to periodically answer the same questionnaire every 3–9 months for 2 years. Lost productivity was calculated using the Human Capital method. Costs were reported in 2018 inflation-adjusted Canadian dollars. Predictors of high cost users (top 25%) were examined using negative binomial regression.ResultsConsecutive 243 (82 incident cases) of 262 (92.7%) approached participants completed the first survey with a total of 450 surveys longitudinally completed over 2 years. The annual median indirect costs per patient were $5,951 (IQR $1,812- $12,278), with $5,776 (IQR $1,465-$11,733) for Crohn’s disease (CD) and $6,084 (IQR $2,470-$13,371) for ulcerative colitis (UC) (p=0.77). The annual median per patient OOP costs were $2,925 (IQR $978- $8,125) with $3,021 (IQR $978- $8,125) for CD and $2,600 (IQR $975- $8,125) for UC (p=0.55). Older age (10-17y) at diagnosis (p=0.04) and parents in part-time employment (p=0.01) were predictors of higher indirect costs, while female sex (p<0.001), parents with a lower education level (p<0.001) and lower annual family income (p<0.01) were associated with higher OOP costs.ConclusionsIndirect and OOP IBD-associated costs are substantial and more likely to affect families with unstable employment and lower annual income. Examining different strategies and interventions to reduce these costs such as virtual platforms, telephone and outreach clinics especially in poor communities and families with low annual income is warranted.Funding AgenciesCIHRThe Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba

Employment Pathways during Economic Recession and Recovery and Adult Health.

Our study bridges literatures on the health effects of job loss and life course employment trajectories to evaluate the selection into employment pathways and their associations with health in the short and medium terms. We apply sequence analysis to monthly employment calendars from a population-based sample of working-age women and men observed from 2009 to 2013 (N = 737). We identify six distinct employment status clusters: stable full-time employment, stable part-time employment, stably being out of the labor force, long-term unemployment, transition out of the labor force, and unstable full-time employment. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and health at baseline, those who transitioned out of the labor force showed significantly poorer self-rated health at follow-up, whereas steadily part-time employed respondents still showed a greater risk of meeting criteria for major or minor depression. The findings have important implications for how social scientists conceptualize and model the relationship between employment status and health.

Une jeunesse en quête de sens? Le rapport au travail des jeunes français à travers le prisme des effets de génération et d’âge

This article examines the evolving relationship to work among French youth, in the context of relatively unstable employment and deteriorating conditions for entry-level employees. It explores the objective dimensions of work (such as job quality), and more subjective considerations related to career paths, work situations, and professional or social priorities. The study draws on two complementary sources. The generational surveys conducted by the Centre d’études et de recherches sur les qualifications (Céreq) have allowed us to examine how representations of work shifted across an 18-year span. Meanwhile, data related to a single cohort of young people over seven years of their working life have allowed us to assess the effect of age. We explore the latter in terms of individual life and work experiences, the stages involved in the transition to adulthood, social background, and gender. Ultimately, the article identifies four categories of youth, each of which corresponds to a distinct and subjective relationship to work. These categories reflect various degrees of satisfaction and resignation in relation to work situations, setbacks, and opportunities for advancement. However, most young people remain optimistic about the future.

P632 Estimating indirect and out-of-pocket disease-associated costs in paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a nation-wide cross-sectional analysis

Abstract Background Identifying disease-related costs is a crucial step to plan for proper allocation of resources and future healthcare services for persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data on paediatric inflammatory bowel disease-associated costs are limited. We aimed to estimate indirect and out of pocket (OOP) paediatric IBD-associated costs in Canada. Methods In a nation-wide cross-sectional analysis, caregivers of children and young adults (&amp;lt;17 years) with IBD were invited to complete a questionnaire on lost work hours and OOP costs related to IBD in the 4 weeks prior to the survey. Participants were re-invited to periodically answer the same questionnaire every 3–9 months for 2 years. Lost productivity was calculated using the Human Capital method. Costs were reported in 2018 inflation-adjusted Canadian dollars. Predictors of high cost users (top 25%) were examined using negative binomial regression. Results Consecutive 243 (82 incident cases) of 262 (92.7%) approached participants completed the first survey with a total of 450 surveys longitudinally completed over 2 years. The annual median indirect costs per patient were $5,951 (IQR $1,812- $12,278), with $5,776 (IQR $1,465-$11,733) for Crohn Disease (CD) and $6,084 (IQR $2,470-$13,371) for Ulcerative Colitis (UC) (p=0.77). The annual median per patient OOP costs were $2,925 (IQR $978- $8,125) with $3,021 (IQR $978- $8,125) for CD and $2,600 (IQR $975- $8,125) for UC (p=0.55). Older age (10-17y) at diagnosis (p=0.04) and parents in part-time employment (p=0.01) were predictors of higher indirect costs, while female sex (p&amp;lt;0.001), parents with a lower education level (p&amp;lt;0.001) and lower annual family income (p&amp;lt;0.01) were associated with higher OOP costs. Conclusion Indirect and OOP IBD-associated costs are substantial and more likely to affect families with unstable employment and lower annual income. Examining different strategies and interventions to reduce these costs such as virtual platforms, telephone and outreach clinics especially in poor communities and families with low annual income is warranted.

ПРЕКАРИЗАЦИЯ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТЬ И ВОСТРЕБОВАННОСТЬ ИТОГОВ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ВО ВТОРОМ ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИИ XXI ВЕКА

The features of the dynamics of changes in scientometric indicators (publication activity, citation and demand) of the research results of Russian specialists in 2012–2021 in the field of precarization are considered; the identified research directions in the field of knowledge under consideration are given, the results of which are in high demand. Among them: new social groups in modern stratification systems of global society; precariat: theory and empirical analysis (based on the materials of surveys in Russia, 1994–2013); employment and social precarization in Russia; transformation of labor relations and new forms of employment in the digital economy; the impact of unstable employment on youth transitions in the labor market. It is noted that the level of scientific activity of Russian scientists in the mentioned field of research, determined taking into account the Hirsch index, is 1.5 times higher than the minimum value of the world level of scientific activity of a scientist. The article reveals peculiarities of changes in the above indicators, including an almost continuous increase in the number of publications and the citation index almost until the end of the analyzed period and identifies the organizations of Russia whose results of research in the field of precarization are actively demanded by other enterprises of the country. The analysis was carried out on the basis of databases of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI).

Analyzing decline in quality of life by examining employment status changes of occupationally injured workers post medical care.

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the decline in quality of life (QOL) by examining changes in the employment status of workers who had completed medical treatment after an industrial accident.MethodsThis study utilized the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance cohort (published in October 2020) containing a sample survey of 3,294 occupationally injured workers who completed medical care in 2017. We divided this population into four groups according to changes in working status. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized for evaluating QOL decline by adjusting for the basic characteristics and working environment at the time of accident. Subgroup analysis evaluated whether QOL decline differed according to disability grade and industry group.ResultsThe QOL decline in the “maintained employment,” “employed to unemployed,” “remained unemployed,” and “unemployed to employed” groups were 15.3%, 28.1%, 20.2%, and 11.9%, respectively. The “maintained employment” group provided a reference. As a result of adjusting for the socioeconomic status and working environment, the odds ratios (ORs) of QOL decline for the “employed to unemployed” group and the “remained unemployed” group were 2.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–3.01) and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.13–1.90), respectively. The “unemployed to employed” group had a non-significant OR of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.54–1.07).ConclusionsThis study revealed that continuous unemployment or unstable employment negatively affected industrially injured workers’ QOL. Policy researchers and relevant ministries should further develop and improve “return to work” programs that could maintain decent employment avenues within the workers’ compensation system.

Dynamic Modeling of Professional Mobility in the Context of Labor Market Precarization

The pandemic has become a catalyst for the inevitable process of digitalization of communications, significantly changing the organization and technology of professional activity around the world. There has been a radical change in labor market trends due to the digital transformation of the economy, changes in the unemployment rate, the transition of professional groups to the remote work format due to the external need for isolation to minimize the spread of Covid-19. The uncertainty of the labor market development conditions, as well as changes in the unemployment rate among the young subset of employable population, cause the emergence of various forms of unstable employment. The presence of high social risks, the need to develop mechanisms to increase the level of protection of the population, ensuring the growth of youth welfare and the formation of an energy saving policy aimed, inter alia, at the innovative development of the labor economy, determine the relevance of developing a set of models for predicting precarization of the labor market. To describe the dynamics of the labor market development, we constructed a model for assessing the risks for young professionals from key sectors of the economy who enter the precariat during the pandemic. Based on the provisions of the theory of positional games and behavioral economics, we have developed a multifactorial dynamic model for predicting professional mobility and precarization of the labor market, considering the fulfillment of Nash equilibrium conditions. The model allows you to track and predict the professional mobility of qualified youth depending on the intensity of the labor market, wage levels and the degree of digital maturity of companies in the region.

Uncovering Social Stratification: Intersectional Inequalities in Work and Family Life Courses by Gender and Race

Abstract Enduring and accumulated advantages and disadvantages in work and family lives remain invisible in studies focusing on single outcomes. Further, single outcome studies tend to conflate labor market inequalities related to gender, race, and family situation. We combine an intersectional and quantitative life course perspective to analyze parallel work and family lives for Black and White men and women aged 22–44. Results using sequence analysis and data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) show that White men enjoy privileged opportunities to combine work and family life and elicit specific gendered and racialized constraints for Black men and women and White women. Black women experience the strongest interdependence between work and family life: events in their work lives constrain and condition their family lives and vice versa. For Black men, stable partnerships and career success mutually support and sustain each other over the life course. In contrast, for Black women, occupational success goes along with the absence of stable partnerships. Precarious and unstable employment is associated with early single parenthood for all groups supporting instability spillovers between life domains that are most prevalent among Black women, followed by Black men. The findings highlight a sizeable group of resourceful Black single mothers who hold stable middle-class jobs and have often gone unnoticed in previous research. We conclude that economic interventions to equalize opportunities in education, employment, and earnings, particularly early in life, are more promising for reducing intersectional inequalities in work-family life courses than attempting to intervene in family lives.