Universal Secondary Education Research Articles

The Differentiation and Individualization of Education and Upbringing Under Present-Day Conditions

The significance of education as a powerful factor in social and scientific-technological progress was solidly underscored in the documents and decisions of the Twenty-Fourth Congress of the CPSU. The Congress designated as an important task the further improvement of the entire system of education in conformity with the needs of the development of the economy, science, and culture, and of the scientific-technological revolution. The Congress pointed to the need to accomplish total transition to the universal secondary education of youth, to raise the quality of education of schoolchildren, and to achieve their more active and purposive preparation for socially useful labor. The Party and the government and public education organs are taking practical measures aimed at the implementation of the decisions of the Congress. (1)

Schools of the Russian Federation in the Decisive Year of the Five-Year Plan

The year 1973 is the decisive year of the five-year plan. In large measure it will determine the results that our schools will achieve by the end of the five-year plan in the resolution of the tasks posed by the Twenty-Fourth Party Congress and the decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers On Completing the Transition to Universal Secondary Education of Youth and the Further Development of the General Education School.

The Manpower Needs of the National Economy and Vocational Guidance of Youth

The decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers "On Completing the Transition to Universal Secondary Education of Youth and on the Further Development of the General Education School" points out that the "practical implementation of the decisions of the Twenty-Fourth Congress of the CPSU in the realm of economics, science, and culture requires the further improvement of the entire education and upbringing of the younger generation and higher quality in the work of the general education school.

The History Teacher and the School Komsomol Organization

The Twenty-Fourth Congress of the CPSU devoted much attention to the formation of the new man, of the builder of communist society. The Congress confronted the school with new tasks relating to increasing the effectiveness of the educational and upbringing process and pointed out the necessity of providing labor and moral training for schoolchildren and for increasing their social and political activeness. The Congress focused the attention of pedagogues on the necessity for continuous improvement of pedagogical mastery, especially in connection with the transition to universal secondary education in the school.

The Training of the Elementary School Teacher

The Directives of the Twenty-Fourth Congress of the CPSU pose a task of immense importance: the task of completing the changeover to universal secondary education and of intensifying all aspects in the upbringing and education of the younger generation. The resolution of this task is possible only with further improvements in the training of teachers. Of late there has been a serious reorganization in the entire work of the school: the content of education is changing, and pedagogical methods are being improved.

The Manpower Needs of The National Economy and Vocational Guidance of Youth

decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers On Completing the Transition to Universal Secondary Education of Youth and on the Further Development of the General Education School points out that the practical implementation of the decisions of the Twenty-Fourth Congress of the CPSU in the realm of economics, science, and culture requires the further improvement of the entire education and upbringing of the younger generation and higher quality in the work of the general education school. Under present conditions, it is especially important to bring the work of the schools into conformity with the new tasks of communist construction and with the demands of scientific and technical progress, The Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers call attention to the fact that scientific and pedagogical institutions are remiss in elaborating important problems pertaining to the education, upbringing, and vocational guidance of youth. decree obligates...

Belorussian Vocational and Technical Training Colleges Under the Ninth Five-Year Plan

The Directives of the Twenty-Fourth Congress of the CPSU on the Five-Year Plan for the Development of the USSR National Economy in 1971-1975 call for increases in the training of skilled workers in vocational-technical educational institutions, especially in rural areas, so that young people will generally have a specialty before they start work. The aim is to train personnel for agriculture, construction, light industry, the food industry, and consumer service enterprises at a more rapid pace. The Twenty-Fourth Party Congress recognized the necessity for the comprehensive development of the network of vocational-technical training institutions offering secondary education as one of the most promising avenues to universal secondary education throughout the nation (while the leading role of the general education school is preserved).

Economic Problems Entailed in the Transition to Universal Secondary Education

In accordance with the Program of the CPSU and the prospects for the development of our Soviet society, the Directives of the 23rd Party Congress posed the task of completing the introduction of universal secondary education of young people by 1970. Only a developed socialist society is equal to such a task.

Some Problems Confronting the Rural School

Contemporary progress in science and technology imposes high demands on the educational level of the young generation. Today, universal secondary education is on the agenda. After all, those now entering school will work at least during the first two decades of the next — the 21st — century, and by that time science and technology, and the application of their progress in the national economy, will have been advanced extensively. Accordingly, we must now be thinking of those whose training will enable them to make maximum use of scientific and technological advances in the national economy. Naturally, this can only be done by someone with a rounded education.

On The Content and Structure of Labor Education in the Rural Schools

One of the key tasks of the Soviet school is to improve poly-technical education and labor indoctrination. Today, on the eve of the transition to universal secondary education, this problem acquires particular importance. An urgent requirement of our time is to maintain a constant influx of broadly educated young specialists into agricultural production. Accordingly, the course on the fundamentals of agriculture in the upper grades of rural secondary schools becomes more important.

On the importance of the humanities in fostering pupils' positive attitude to their studies

One of the basic problems of Soviet school in carrying out universal secondary education consists in fostering pupils' positive attitude to their studies. The studies of the humanities, first of all, literature, history and social science should serve this purpose as these subjects form the basis of ideological education at the secondary school. The article points out that the contents of the humanities and their connection with life are of decisive importance in fostering in children a disposition to their studies. The development of their disposition to work is mostly determined by teaching methods and proper organization of the training process. The author concludes that the formation of pupils' convictions, their disposition to work, and of their attitudes towards society and towards themselves can be considerably affected by properly organized studies of the humanities.

The School Regulations

From year to year the public education system in our country is improving There have been numerous useful changes in the general education school in recent years. In keeping with the decisions of the 23rd Congress of the CPSU, a serious step has been taken on the road to the universal secondary education of youth. The changeover to the new content of instruction is being made. Courses on the fundamentals of science have been brought even closer to life and more fully reflect the growing demands of the times.

Electives in the Schools

The incorporation, into the curriculum of the Soviet general education schools, of elective courses for deeper theoretical and practical study of certain subjects is integrally associated with the imminent transition to universal secondary education.

Electtves in the Schools

The incorporation, into the curriculum of the Soviet general education schools, of elective courses for deeper theoretical and practical study of certain subjects is integrally associated with the imminent transition to universal secondary education. The advance to universal secondary education will have the necessary effect upon the education and development of the rising generations and upon the successful solution of the most important social and economic problems of the building of communism only if one essential condition is met: if the total enrollment of all children of eligible ages in the upper grades of secondary schools and equivalent educational institutions is accompanied by an increase in the educational and cultural level of secondary school graduates and by a strengthening of the connection between education and the tasks of building communism.

The Ministry Verifies, Studies, and Recommends

The good reputation of the schools in the city of Zheltye Vody is spreading through the Ukraine. For several years now, universal secondary eight-year education has been carried out, school failure and grade-repeating have been successfully prevented, while out-of-class and extracurricular activities have developed widely. In this industrial city of the satellite-town type, good working and living conditions have been created for the teachers. All the schools, which number fifteen, are located in model buildings and enjoy fully modern material and academic facilities. Finally, a highly important indicator — the schools in the town have practically completed the transition to universal secondary education: 97.3% of the youths who completed 8th grade last year now attend secondary schools or technicums.

The activities of the Lithuanian working people in creating the material basis of schools in the period of construction of socialism

When Soviet Lithuania was liberated from the German invaders, together with the restoration and development of the national economy popular education was in the centre of attention of the Lithuanian Communist party and the Soviet Government. A successful development of the national economy and a constant support of our sister republics made it possible to increase the assignations to popular education every year. The assigned sums let us successfully put into life the undertaken task by our Party - compulsory seven-year education - and create conditions for passing on to universal secondary education. The best necessary conditions were made for a normal educational work at schools. They were provided with premises and school supplies. Teachers, workers ant youth showed a great initiative and patriotism. Thanks to them in our republic a new way of building schools began spreading. Hundreds of schools for tens of thousands of working places were reconstructed and built. Sister republics gave a great help in restoring schools and developing their material basis.

Basic Trends in Improving the Content of Secondary School Education

At the end of 1964, the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences organized a commission to determine the content of secondary school education. The commission's task was to review the curriculum, syllabuses, and textbooks of the secondary school and prepare recommendations for their improvement, bearing in mind: the impending transition to universal secondary education; the need to bring the content and nature of secondary school education into accordance with the present level of development in science, technology, and culture; the further strengthening of the ties of secondary school education with life; giving the students labor and polytechnical preparation which takes account of the needs of society and the abilities and wishes of the students; not overloading students with compulsory lessons and increasing the opportunities for independent work in accordance with the wishes and abilities of the students.

Our Schools Today and Tomorrow

The decisions of the 23rd Congress of the CPSU have posed the task of essentially completing, within a five-year period, the introduction of universal secondary education for our young people and, simultaneously, of improving the quality of instruction. The goal set forth is to develop our schools as general education, labor and polytechnical institutions. The ways and means of implementing the Directive of the Congress have been presented in the recent joint resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers, On Measures for Further Improvement of the Work of the Secondary General Education School.

Basic Trends of Research on Problems of Didactics

The 23rd Congress of the CPSU defined the directions for the country's further advance toward communism. Technical progress and the development of science require a high level of education for the rising generation. The introduction of universal secondary education for young persons must be basically completed in the current five-year period. In order to ensure that persons leaving school are well prepared for work and for further education, the content, methods and organization of instruction must be improved. As A. N. Kosygin pointed out in his report at the Party Congress, the improvement of educational and upbringing work in the school must be carried out without haste, and on a truly scientific basis. Didactics will play an important role in the solution of this problem. It has the task of working out a theory of education and instruction.

Problems of the Economics of Public Education

A new branch of knowledge that has appeared at the point of contact between economics and pedagogy - the economics of public education - has the purpose of investigating the economic aspects of secondary, higher, and vocational-technical education, their influence upon the development of the country's productive forces, upon overcoming the differences between physical and mental labor and between town and countryside. The new branch is also called upon to disclose the most rational organization of public education and to indicate the most efficient utilization of funds appropriated for educational purposes. The First Conference of Higher Schools on Problems of the Economics of Public Education, held at the end of last year at the Moscow (Lenin) Teacher Training Institute, attracted a large number of participants and produced broad public interest. Its task consisted, above all, of defining the principal economic problems requiring priority treatment in connection with the forthcoming transition to universal complete secondary education in the USSR. In opening the conference, Professor N. V. Aleksandrov, First Deputy Minister of Education, pointed to the vast significance of economics in resolving pressing problems of public education.