Universal Order Research Articles

Two-plus-two fringe projection profilometry based on phase-shifted coding

In fringe projection profilometry based on temporal phase unwrapping, determining a fringe order map commonly requires a large number of fringes. To reduce the fringe number, this paper proposes a concise absolute phase retrieval algorithm just by projecting four fringes. The first two orthogonal fringes with relatively large frequency can collect reliable height information. The second two fringes are designed the same as the first two, but the only difference is that each 2π-phase of them is shifted by a unique amount, which can robustly label a large number of fringe orders. For decoding the fringes, we develop an average intensity one-time extraction algorithm, which allows for the rapid acquisition of the two pairs of alternating current components. From this, the wrapped phase containing height information and the stair-coded phase providing fringe orders can be directly extracted by arctangent operation in a point-to-point manner. Furthermore, we also develop a universal fringe order correction algorithm that can simultaneously correct the common errors and the misalignment between the wrapped phase and fringe orders. Experiment results demonstrate that this method achieves comparable accuracy and adaptability to the phase-coding method, while utilizing two fewer fringes.

Religious Dimensions of Confucius’ Teachings on Ren and Li in the Analects

This essay examines whether Confucius aligns more with humanism or religious thought, asserting that his philosophy defies simple classification. It highlights his use of religious motifs, especially the concept of li 禮, which he broadened beyond mere rituals to include societal behaviors, infusing them with a sacred essence. Additionally, this essay delves into Confucius’s notion of de 德, perceived as having an almost magical influence without coercion, closely tied to his ideas on li and governance. This reflects a belief in a universal moral order, challenging the view of Confucius as purely a humanist. The text also explores his nuanced understanding of tian 天, a central yet complex aspect of his philosophy, suggesting a spiritual dimension. Ultimately, this essay advocates for recognizing Confucius not only as a moral guide but as a thinker embodying significant religious or spiritual insights.

Az ellenállási jog értelmezése és gyakorlata a Vetus Testamentumban és a Novum Testamentumban

This study shows that the right to resist tyranny has deep biblical roots. It derives directly from the biblical principle of the primacy and supremacy of divine and natural law, reflecting universal divine eternal order and justice. From the fact that even public authority is subject to these laws and that, in the event of a conflict with such laws, man-made laws and authority cannot claim obedience. In this case, resistance to them is not only a right but also a conscientious duty. This paper provides a broad outline of the biblical principles that underpin resistance to tyranny. It then describes some of the cases of resistance in the books of the Old and New Testaments which, among many others, have been recurring in the works of the leading authors on the right of resistance throughout European history.

Sovereignty, human rights and the regulation of transnational corporations: a critical spatial analysis of civil society proposals for a binding treaty

ABSTRACT This article develops a critical spatial analysis of contemporary proposals to regulate transnational corporations (TNCs). Following an analysis of the existing topology of international regulatory space, the article develops a model of alternative spatial orders which would enable TNC regulation and uses this model to critically assess the different spatial orders implicit in the major proposals being tabled by two civil society groupings in the current treaty negotiations at the UN Human Rights Council. It shows that the proposals of the Human Rights NGOs would elaborate an ‘imperial sovereignty’, with the horizontal extension of the sovereignty of Northern states into the territory of Southern states, while the proposals of the Global Campaign would elaborate a ‘global sovereignty’ through the vertical dispersal of sovereignty, both upwards and downwards, to elaborate a more emancipatory universal spatial order. Understanding these implicit spatialities enables a deeper assessment of the implications of the different proposals.

“Searching for order at all levels”. Antonio Lima-de-Faria (July 4, 1921 – December 27, 2023)

“Searching for order at all levels”. Antonio Lima-de-Faria (July 4, 1921 – December 27, 2023)

Fausses fenêtres : Étienne Pascal et Étienne Noël, saint Augustin et Jean Duvergier de Hauranne

This article examines the philosophical and theological nuances in the works of Étienne Pascal and Étienne Noël, focusing on their interpretations of Saint Augustine and Jean Duvergier de Hauranne. It explores the concept of antithesis (ἀντίθεσις) in both rhetorical and philosophical contexts, drawing upon Platonic and Aristotelian texts. The article highlights the use of antithesis in Augustine’s explanation of evil and its integration into the universal order, connecting this to 17th-century French thought, especially in relation to Blaise Pascal’s ideas on rhetoric. A critical analysis of Étienne Pascal’s letter to Father Noël is presented, emphasizing his understanding of rhetorical figures, notably metaphor and antithesis, and their theological implications. The discussion extends to Saint-Cyran’s interpretation of Augustine, particularly concerning ecclesiastical guidance and priesthood preparation. The article concludes by underscoring the complex interplay between language, thought, and faith in these historical contexts.

An Alternative Method of Assessing d/DHH Secondary-School Students' L2 Language Development.

Little information is available on d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/DHH) learners' L2 development. Their limited auditory access may discourage them from taking standardized tests, highlighting the need for alternative ways of assessing their L2 development and proficiency. Therefore, this study suggests adopting processability theory, which demonstrates a universal order of L2 development. Interviews with d/DHH learners and their teachers were conducted to explore their current difficulties in regard to understanding their L2 development. Also, we conducted brief speaking tasks to suggest alternatives to testing the L2 development of learners who are d/DHH in comparison to typical literacy learners. The result showed d/DHH students' L2 developmental patterns are similar to those of typical hearing peers, suggesting that d/DHH students and hearing learners share difficulties in similar areas when learning English. Teachers highlighted the lack of appropriate English tests to determine the d/DHH students' L2 development.

The Russia-Ukraine war: unravelling the challenges to the liberal international order

With the diffusion of power in global affairs, a convergence of multiple threats began to intersect and challenge ‘the liberal international order’. On the one hand, the US, the sole hegemon, has been frequently abusing the rules and institutions of ‘the liberal international order’. Besides, ‘the post-Cold War US grand strategy of liberal internationalism’ has been under pressure from ‘the revisionist states such as Russia and China’ and the right-wing populist leaders in advanced Western democracies. On the other hand, the global society is witnessing the return of great power politics, imperial ambitions, and Moscow’s desire to gather Russians and re-establish a Russian sphere of influence in its neighbourhood by unleashing war against Ukraine. These geopolitical challenges aggravate the great powers’ competition, undermining the American dream of the universal liberal order. With the return of ‘the tragedy of great power politics’, the United States needs to maintain a strategy of coexistence rather than confrontation. Washington ought to prefer stability over democracy promotion, shore up its democratic alliance, and shred its imperial character such as NATO enlargement to preserve the rules of the liberal international order.

Exonic splicing code and coordination of divalent metals in proteins.

Exonic sequences contain both protein-coding and RNA splicing information but the interplay of the protein and splicing code is complex and poorly understood. Here, we have studied traditional and auxiliary splicing codes of human exons that encode residues coordinating two essential divalent metals at the opposite ends of the Irving-Williams series, a universal order of relative stabilities of metal-organic complexes. We show that exons encoding Zn2+-coordinating amino acids are supported much less by the auxiliary splicing motifs than exons coordinating Ca2+. The handicap of the former is compensated by stronger splice sites and uridine-richer polypyrimidine tracts, except for position -3 relative to 3' splice junctions. However, both Ca2+ and Zn2+ exons exhibit close-to-constitutive splicing in multiple tissues, consistent with their critical importance for metalloprotein function and a relatively small fraction of expendable, alternatively spliced exons. These results indicate that constraints imposed by metal coordination spheres on RNA splicing have been efficiently overcome by the plasticity of exon-intron architecture to ensure adequate metalloprotein expression.

Funeral Practice of the Sapalli Culture in the Reflection of Vedic Texts

Northern Bactria in the Bronze Age became the arena of complex processes of interaction between the local population and the world of the Eurasian steppes. During this period, the early urban agricultural Sapalli culture, where the contacts of the two traditions were reflected not only in material but also in spiritual culture, developed and functioned on the territory of the south of modern Uzbekistan. Based on the results of studies of the burial grounds of Bustan VI–VII, the first-time attempt to verify the funeral rite with the written sources of the ancient Indo-Aryans and Indo-Iranians was made in the present work. The chosen approach made it possible to solve simultaneously several problems: to clarify the path of advancement of the Indo-Aryan tribes to India; trace one of the ideological foundations of the formation of the Bactrian civilization; illustrate the impact on the local environment of the steppe ethnos represented by the Andronovo population, identified with the Indo-Aryans. The results of the realized work allow us to speak about the significant presence of the Aryan tradition in Sapalli society and the emergence of new forms of funeral rituals. The changed mythological and ritual statements in cosmogonic representations have established as their main constant the maintenance of universal balance and order, carried out through a system of sacrifices, the highest of which at the final stage of life was a person.

Законность как юридическая данность или социальный конструкт?

Abstract: The introduction to this article deals with the problem of understanding legality as a fundamental category of legal science and legal practice in general. The genesis of the concept «legality» and the evolution of ideas about this category are considered both contextually, i.e. in terms of material conditions of people’s life and their mentality, and in discursive practices reflecting the scientific community’s ideas about this phenomenon. The connection of the connotation of this concept with the types of legal understanding is noted. Methods: this article proposes to use the post-classical approach as a kind of moderate post-postmodern type of scientific rationality, which emphasises the contextuality of legal phenomena. Therefore, this methodological strategy, from the point of view of the author of the article, looks more adequate in comparison with the established in science notion that «legality» is always a steady observance of the law, which has the attribute of universality and, therefore, has a universal character. The results of the study suggest the following: legality contains a dialectical combination: on the one hand, adherence to the law, on the other hand, it allows a certain backlash for the negation of old outdated norms in the everyday behavioural practices of all those who create and apply the law. This, in turn, gives grounds for an acceptable mechanism of adaptation to the system in which a person actually lives, in which he realises his social statuses, including in the sphere of law. The article actualises the idea that legality is a construct that is formed by man at all stages of his formation as a social being, in potency claiming universal law and order. Therefore, a more adequate strategy of understanding «legality» from the point of view of post-classical theory is proposed, according to which «legality» acts as a regime in which subjects of law realise their legal statuses in all spheres of society.

The impact of a universal admission order on health system capacity

In our health system with multiple campuses, a universal admissions order (UAO) was introduced to further improve patient flow. We hypothesized that the UAO would more evenly distribute health system capacity, with an increase in admissions to the community affiliate sites. Inpatient and emergency department (ED) metrics were evaluated, and included total admissions, admissions to each clinical site from each ED, the time to the inpatient bed being ready to receive the ED patient, boarding times, and the left without being seen rate. After implementation of the UAO, the average time to inpatient beds being ready to accept ED patients decreased at all three clinical sites by an average of 25 minutes. Admissions were more evenly distributed amongst the three clinical sites, with 3% of all admissions admitted to a new campus. While there were likely other variables at play, there was system-wide reduction in the time to inpatient beds being ready to accept ED patients, and an improvement in boarding at the main clinical site. Our work suggests that a UAO could be a useful adjunct to central capacity management in a health system with multiple clinical campuses.

THE IMPLICATIONS OF ST. AUGUSTINE’S AND VITORIA'S NEW WORLD ORDER PROPOSALS ON POLITICAL THOUGHT

It is possible to begin the social history with the following question: How do people live better/happier? Particularly, as if the history of political thought consists of efforts to find the desired answer to this ancient question. This question, naturally, brings up many more similar questions like; what is the best form of political organization? How can obedience to political authority be justified? What is justice and how can it be achieved? What is freedom? Who should manage? The search for answers to these questions which has pursued mankind since the beginning of society continued on its way with many suggestions. This ideal (or not) new world order conception which suggests that every human being could live in equality, justice, happiness, etc. generally has been attractive to people throughout history in terms of their promises. So, the subject of this study is to retrace the "ideal", universal new world order conceptions in the thoughts of Augustine and Vitoria in the post-Christian period who have effects on the political philosophy of Europe until the present day. It is thought that the study will open a door to question the operability of such proposals in terms of their intentions, promises, and results.

Ismail al-Faruqi’s Tawhidic Approach in the Context of IOK

This study analyzed Ismail Raji al-Faruqi’s (1921-1986) fundamental ideas of education from the perspective of IOK and tawhidic framework and his critical contribution in articulating modern Islamic worldview and expounding its progressive and inclusive outlook. It set forth to discusses the ideas of Islamization of knowledge as envisaged and propounded in his major works that highlight the doctrine of tawhid and its overarching principle such as Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan, Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life dan etc. The study is based on library research using qualitative approaches by documenting sources derived from some major works of al-Faruqi and other relevant materials. The data was analyzed using descriptive, analytical, and comparative method. The study found that al-Faruqi has bring forth universal Islamic worldview that propounded transcendental religious and philosophical outlook based on his rational and universal premises. His philosophical ideal was founded on critical methodology of tawhid that was instrumental in projecting his Islamization of knowledge movement and in propounding its scientific and rational outlook in order to revived the spirit of reform and reconstructing ijtihad and reclaiming the universal and creative ummatic world order.

Group Properties of Polar Codes for Automorphism Ensemble Decoding

In this paper, we propose an analysis of the automorphism group of polar codes, with the aim of designing codes tailored for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">automorphism ensemble</i> (AE) decoding. Using a novel description of polar codes as monomial codes through negative monomials, we prove the equivalence between the notion of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">decreasing monomial codes</i> and the universal partial order (UPO) framework for polar codes; this property is widely believed to hold true but a formal proof was missing. We further provide a rigorous mathematical connection between code word permutations and affine transformations, an important link to understand the considered automorphisms. Based on this mathematical formalisms, we analyze the algebraic properties of the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">affine automorphisms group</i> of polar codes, providing a novel description of its structure. We classify automorphisms such that all automorphisms in the same class lead to the same result under permutation decoding, which gives rise to the concept of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">redundant</i> automorphisms. Mathematically this is achieved by introducing equivalence classes of affine automorphisms under AE-based decoding. For practical application, we provide an algorithm to compute representatives for the equivalence classes, such that one automorphism from each equivalence class can be selected for use in AE decoding. A numerical analysis of the error correction performance of AE decoding of polar codes, based on equivalence classes, concludes the paper.

Pierre Du Ryer, Théâtre complet. Sous la direction d’Hélène Baby. Tome ii, édition d’Hélène Baby, Catherine Dumas, Perry Gethner et Sandrine Berrégard

This collection of five plays by seventeenth-century playwright Pierre Du Ryer is the second in a three-volume collection (the first and third focused on his tragedies). This volume, however, presents four tragicomedies — Lisandre et Caliste, Clarigène (both edited by Hélène Baby), Alcimédon (edited by Catherine Dumas), and Cléomédon (edited by Perry Gethner) — and his only comedy, Les Vendanges de Suresnes (edited by Sandrine Berrégard). Du Ryer was much admired in his time but subsequently rather forgotten and principally known only as author of a few tragedies. This volume thus aims to extend readers’ knowledge of his works and uncover plays hitherto unedited since the seventeenth century. As is standard for Classiques Garnier texts, the plays are rendered accessible to modern readers with modernized spellings and a harmonized presentation of the acts, scenes, and stage directions. Each play is preceded by a detailed introduction exploring its major features and examining a range of themes within the genre. For Lisandre et Caliste, Baby presents an engaging discussion of the way the play takes the novel by Vital d’Audiguier and adapts it for the stage, and explores the varied time and space depicted across the scenes. This contrasts with Du Ryer’s increased adherence to unities in Cléomédon (as described in Gethner’s later introduction). Baby’s detailed account of the set, staging, and scenes of combat in Lisandre et Caliste brings the play further to life and the reader is also provided with nuanced understanding of key elements of the ‘spectacle tragi-comique’, including reversals, comedic tropes, and the particular universal moral order of the genre. Frequent devices such as surprise and false appearances are examined in Dumas’s introduction to Alcimédon. The theme of deception is investigated in Baby’s introduction to Clarigène through analysis of ‘le déguisement inconscient’ and ‘le déguisement conscient’. The introduction to Cléomédon (a theatrical adaptation of the famous novel L’Astrée, by Honoré d’Urfé) explores baroque themes of tragicomedies, with a fascinating section on delusion and madness and how this relates to Cléomédon’s grandiose perception of himself. Alongside an exploration of such key themes, Gethner also presents the play’s reception history and places this in the context of a range of other plays of the period. The final work in the collection, Les Vendanges de Suresnes, is introduced by anchoring it within the pastoral tradition, but Berrégard shows how the action is rooted in ‘un cadre urbain traditionnel’ and is illustrative of ‘une dramaturgie du quotidien’ (p. 525). Berrégard is attentive to the rich intertextual and metatheatrical references within the comedy and provocatively asks, ‘l’activité viticole ne serait-elle pas aussi une métaphore de la construction dramatique, avec la maîtrise des techniques propres à cet art qu’elle-même suppose?’ (p. 538). Overall, the book is well structured, since the different introductions are not repetitive but are clearly in dialogue with one another. The volume presents a comprehensive picture both of the theatrical landscape and of Du Ryer’s artistry.

The Ethics of Monadic Identity in Leibniz's Thought

The system of pre-established harmony proposed by Leibnizian ontology gives perspective to a Universe thought of as a perfect machine, or as a "perfect kingdom, governed by an absolute Prince". In this „best of all possible worlds”, the occurrence of evil requires an extremely thorough justification. With regard to the prospective motivation and argument in favor of existence of evil in the world, the ethical positioning of the human soul, conceived of as a superior monad, capable of true understanding and a reflection of divine grace, can also be outlined. What place, therefore, does evil occupy in the Leibnizian universal equation and how is it possible to embody it from the perspective of free will? In a system of such predetermined order, what possibility is there for the existence of freedom? In this universal order, what place does absolute necessity, hypothetical necessity and moral necessity occupy? And what is their connection with the essential cosmic logical, geometrical and metaphysical principles? Do reason, will, and power, as absolute features of the Godhead, contribute to guaranteeing the ethical responsibility of higher monads? How does Leibniz bring together the predetermination and typology of fatality expressed through the paradigms: fatum mahometanum, fatum stoicum and fatum christianum? "Divinity as the first agent and man as the patient and second agent" - is a Leibnizian interpretation of the relation of predetermination. Evil and free will are recognized only in the framework of hypothetical necessity. So, therefore, in the present work we will analyze, among other things, the Leibnizian interpretation of the ratio of predetermination, recalling the difference between being inclined and being forced in making a decision.

When You Do Not Fit In: Ugliness as a Theological Problem

The article draws attention to the ethical and pastoral dangers associated with the theological subordination of ugliness to other purposes, such as universal harmony and order, the search for the immutable, or divination. It also traces the tendency to conflate moral and aesthetic ugliness, which has led to the marginalisation or even persecution of others on the basis of their outward appearance. As a counterpoint to these tendencies, the article emphasises the idea of the ugly suffering servant Christ, which contains pastoral and countercultural potential.

2-D Quantum Ising Model Fidelity and Order Parameter

This paper explores an interesting relationship between the ground-state fidelity quantum phase transitions and bifurcations per lattice site, and proposes a universal order parameter for the quantum Ising model for a square lattice of infinite-size in two spatial dimensions as a prototype model with symmetry breaking order. The approach is based on computing ground-state wave functions using a tensor network algorithm utilizing a representation with infinite projected entangled-pair states. The results can be applied to any systems with symmetry breaking order, because in the conventional Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm a quantum system subjected to a phase transition exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking quantified by a local order parameter. A reduced fidelity bifurcation between two different reduced density matrices is also explored.

Новая архаика и современная мифопроза. Поиск большого нарратива

The developers of metamodernism argue that it will bring new grand narratives and universal concepts to replace the discreteness and fragmentation of postmodernism. This is precisely the task that Russian mythoprose of the 2000–2010s sets itself. Contemporary Russian mythoprose is developing a universal worldview concept. It refers to the systemic interaction with the world and the world as a system of systems. This understanding is peculiar to the Russian national mentality. Modern Russian mythoprose finds a new grand narrative in the appeal to folklore-mythological description of the world. And it reveals universal truths in the actualization of the systemic connection of man, nature and higher powers. Russian folklore comes to be the right ground for literary remythologization, so that mythoprosaic writers are often professional folklorists. Mythoprose also addresses the history, crossing the world and myth and continuing the traditions of modernist neo-mythologism. The new grand narrative of modern Russian mythoprose is the understanding of the world as a system of systems. Through this grand narrative Russian mythoprose comes to the construction of new relationships between man, nature and the cosmos with the concept of metamodernism receiving the status of a full-fledged cultural and philosophical paradigm. The present paper examines the theory of the metamodernist concept of “new archaic” and modern mythoprose, determines the genre difference between mythoprose and magic realism, novel-myth and fantasy as well as highlights the work of Russian mythoprose writers. Addressing the works of I. Bogatyreva, D. Bobyleva, A. Bushkovsky, A. Rubanov, A. Grigorenko, E. Nekrasova, A. Ivanov, D. Osokin, Sh. Idiatullin we trace how the metamodernist concept of universal world order is realized.