Universal Order Research Articles

On the Dynamics of Phase Transitions in Relativistic Scalar Field Theory

We study the Kibble–Zurek scaling dynamics and universal second order phase transitions in a relativistic scalar field theory in 1 + 1 dimensions. Using tensor networks techniques as a non-perturbative non-equilibrium numerical tool for quantum field theory, we perform an analysis of the formation of topological defects in a non-equilibrium quantum system, as a realistic analogue toy model of the formation of cosmological defects in the large-scale structure of the Early Universe.

The Undesirable Promotion of a Servant to Kingship in Prov 30:21–23: A Missiological Perspective

Prov 30:21-23 seems to suggest that there is a fixed social order that cannot be broken. Correspondingly, several scholars have argued that because the sages were mainly conservative, they sought to preserve the universal order. Therefore, walking in wisdom would demand the respect of the same. On the contrary, this article aims to demonstrate that Prov 30:21-23 focuses more on the behavioral character of the individuals that assume new levels as shaped by their social backgrounds than the social order. This approach then brings to light the missional imports adaptable to our missional strategies. The study achieves this by examining the Torah for relevant insights that would give credence to the assertion of this proverb.

Antártida: Infierno blanco. Una aproximación desde la literatura.

Literary fictions about unknown territories date back to antiquity, being that these empty spaces on the maps have been a source of inspiration and projection of archaic fears and desires. Antarctica was the last territory to be discovered on Earth since it was not until 1819 that human biengs set foot there. Therefore, in modern literature, the expedition to the unknown south has a rich tradition, mixing great adventures, horrors, and omens. In this article, I analyze five texts in which the journey to the white continent is imagined as a catabasis—travel to hell—as well as a provocation (hybris) to universal order: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (1798) by ST Coleridge, The Narrative of AG Pym (1838) by EA Poe, The Sphinx of the Ice Fields by J. Verne (1897), At the Mountains of Madness (1936) by HP Lovecraft, and The Conquerors of Antarctica (1945) by the Chilean F. Coloane. A comparative reading of these works shows structural and symbolic repetitions that account for a critical key: the power of wild nature over the human record and the catastrophe to which the spirit of conquest and domination can lead.

الحق في تقرير المصير للحركات الانفصالية الحديثة بموجب القانون الدولي

States’ boundaries have changed to a large extent over the course of time, in fact, the world has not always been the same as nowadays. In place of archaic forms of social organisation, the universal order has appeared where determinate and inviolable borders play a crucial role in ensuring the stability of states and resisting separatist movements. At the same time, secessionist movements throughout the world continually aim to gain independence from the ‘parent’ state invoking the right to self-determination. In this paper, the researcher will examine whether a part of the population of a state or a sub-unit of that state has a right to secede and create a new state and/or integrate into another. The article consists of a strong theoretical part dealing with statehood, self-determination and secession with a view of the dynamic development of these notions since the rapid birth of many new states as a result of decolonization. Thereafter, the validity of the gathered results will be verified by a comparative analysis of the cases of Kosovo, Crimea and Catalonia with regard to the historical background of these secessionist entities.

Islam Reformed in Indian History: The Dynamic Sufi Heart in Vital Transition to Printed Scripture

Attempting to comprehend the controversial subject of Islamic reform, this study compares the development of Indian Islam to the Protestant Reformation. Seminal findings from social science aid in understanding religious reform as an evolving historical process. During the transition to colonial rule in India, Christian missionaries introduced a scripturally defined concept of religion that challenged the traditional worldview with Sufis at the heart of organic universal order. Shah Waliullah interpreted the social disorder as the historical operation of the transcendent and willful God, declaring Islamic scriptures as the only authoritative guide for believers. Reformers translated the Qur’ān, preached to the masses, and established independent Muslim schools. Scripturalism expressed as literalism became puritanical resulting in sectarian fragmentation and conflict with Islamic and Christian reform. But the most disruptive change agent was technological: the printing press transformed scripture from oral and manuscript traditions, and the pervasive printed Qur’ān in local languages shaped individual and communal Muslim identity. The profound historical impact of religious reform with printed scripture could portend a new era with digital scripture in cyberspace.

Порядок круга. О прагматике консенсуса Яна Амоса Коменского

The paper deals with the pragmatics of consensus in the work of John Amos Comenius. In the first part, “The order of the circle”, three of Comenius’s visual works, from the early novel “The labyrinth of the World”, the schoolbook “Visible World in Pictures” and the theoretical work “The general triad”, are compared. The famous drawing of “The labyrinth of the World” shows a confusing town landscape in a closed circle and symbolizes the chaotic life of man after his fall and the Babylonian confusion of tongues. The didactic emblem for “Visible World in Pictures” shows the world in harmony with God’s will. The abstract scheme in “The general triad” visualizes the connections between things (res), thoughts (mens), language (lingua) and hand (manus). They form a stable and universal order in which thoughts, language, and action are interconnected in a triadic relation. Especially the drawing of the labyrinth and the scheme in the theoretical work “The general triad” build acontrast between chaos and order. In the second part, “Pragmatics of consensus”, it is shown that in Comenius’s view the aim and the duty of the philosopher and teacher is to heal the unhealthy reality of communication. That should be done on Milovathe basis of normative rules of harmonic and effective communication. These rules are developed by Comenius in his famous “General Consultation on an Improvementof All Things Human”.

Universal time delays in the inelastic core level photoemission of metals

Proposing a theoretical model of the core level photoemission of metals, we investigate the plasmon-driven inelastic photoemission delays based on a nonperturbative treatment of many-electron responses due to the long-range Coulomb potential. Being irrelevant to the plasmon coupling strength as well as the plasmon frequency, the emission delays $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{n}$ of the $n\mathrm{th}$-order plasmon satellites ($n=1,2,3,...$) are found to be universal order by order among the metals in the core level photoemission where the recoil-less approximation would be valid. In particular, for a main line with its weight ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, where $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ quantifies the plasmon coupling strength, the average inelastic photoemission delay $\ensuremath{\langle}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ is found to be $\ensuremath{\gamma}{(1\ensuremath{-}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1}$ and thus is simply scaled by a universal time delay $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1}$. This finding is sharply contrasted with the emission delays under the localized potential, which indicates a fundamental difference in the emission process between extended and localized screenings.

The co-production of nuclear science and diplomacy: towards a transnational understanding of nuclear things

ABSTRACT This paper proposes diplomatic studies of science as a new field of research, which sheds light on actual diplomatic processes as an integral part of knowledge making and presents the notion of nuclear science and diplomacy as co-produced. Science and diplomacy display fundamental similarities: scientists attempt to make knowledge produced locally seem global, thereby achieving universal epistemic order, while diplomats endeavour to maintain political order on a global scale that accommodates the local concerns of their country. In particular, the co-production of nuclear knowledge and political nuclear order has characterised the post-World War Two period. Hence, the making of global political orders includes the emergence of relevant diplomatic actors, which comprise not only sovereign states but also non-state actors, such as international organisations or individual experts. This paper claims that nuclear history provides a suitable ground for cross-fertilisation between the history of science and diplomatic history.

Биополитическое производство жизни и «новая война»: опыт философского истолкования

The change in the nature of war has been noted by most researchers over the past seventy years. In the last decade, an attempt has been made to integrate all significant and operating factors — in the concept of a «new war», the analysis and interpretation of which is an urgent research task. The authors of the article analyze the discourse of the «new war» in the horizon of presenting the modern political order in the liberal version of the economic paradigm of the political (J. Agamben’s term) in order to identify substantially new meanings that distinguish it from the concept of «classical war». «Horizon», «border», «meaning» and «representation» as elements of the paradigm can be the subject of exclusively philosophical interpretation. As a result of the conducted research, it has been established: «biopolitical production of life» is the way in which modernity becomes reality. Biopolitics is management, that is, the accomplished removal of the political is depoliticization. The asymmetric war is a biopolitical phenomenon in terms of the composition of actors, mode of conduct, goals; it is presented as «just», «permanent» and «legitimizing» the universal and global political order. The exclusion of a sovereign decision and an «empty space» as the center of the modern political order, the impossibility of drawing the border and the expansion of the «area of anomie» to the entire political space, the nondiscrimination of «external» and «internal», which is fundamental for understanding the specifics of the discourse of the «new war» means total depoliticization. The biopolitical power is opposed by «naked life» — war is presented as a police operation, the purpose of which is considered to pacify and normalize violence and suppress internal enemies. Philosophical interpretation as a method of research leads to a new (and partly inaccessible for disciplinary scientific research) conclusion: the «new war» appears to be a management tool aimed at «normalizing violence» — it is not a modernization of the classical war and is not in any continuity with it , but there is a new biopolitical phenomenon that essentially belongs to modernity. This conclusion, which distinguishes between «classical war» and «new war», allows us to exclude from the calculations the endless contradictions associated with attempts to view the «new war» in the political perspective, and not as governance. Thus, the possibility of disciplinary scientific research of a new war is revealed in the perspective of its representation as a phenomenon of modernity.

Introduction

After watching the images of the January 6 Capitol riot, many Americans concluded that right-wing populism threatens the basic rules of our constitutional order. In this view, the U.S. Constitution establishes a universal order that is detached from any particular orientation and provides the neutral ground upon which differences can be discussed, while populists upset the rules of discussion and destroy the basis of a common project. Consequently, since populism is at odds with the Constitution, the solution would be to try to reimpose a measure of rationality upon the unruly. Yet the nagging concern behind this perspective is not …

Статьи из Fioretti di San Francesco в русском сборнике Великое Зерцало как exemplum

Studying the Western European collection Speculum Maius (the Great Mirror) translated into Russian at the end of the 17th century involves identifying its plot-thematic connections with the ancient Russian written culture. Seven stories about Francis of Assisi († 1226) and his companions were discovered in the collection that were included in the medieval florilegium - he legends about the founder of a mendicant order called Fioretti (14th century). Their thematic and motif content and use of medieval genre forms in the narratives about the first Franciscans are close to the instructive accounts of ascetics from the translated and domestic paterics, the Prologue, the Menalogies for reading collections and hagiography, which, like the “floral” narratives, were in line with the material demanded in the moral and religious instructions of Christians. The articles from Fioretti in the Great Mirror have a small volume, a minimal number of characters, narrate the connection and interchange of the earthly and heavenly worlds. This brings them closer to the exemplum - the most famous Latin written culture phenomenon, serving as an instructive “basis” of medieval sermons and being an important part of collections of religious and secular content such as “zertsalo.” Summarizing theoretical experience, the author follows modern foreign and domestic scholars and understands an “exemplum” as a narrative of a small volume implemented in didactic discourse, with its reception using signs of medieval genres. “Flower” articles-exempla of the Russian Great Mirror, devoid of personalization and topological references, embody a universal order in a typical and generalized event.

Шопенгауэр и Беккет: травма модерна и комедия воплощения

Культура современности вырастает из травматического опыта «европейского нигилизма» и «смерти Бога», то есть разрыва с традицией и распада единого онтологического и социального порядка. Одним из проявлений культурной травмы модерна стало возникновение субъект-объектного дуализма, в результате чего развоплощенный человеческий субъект оказался противопоставленным безличному и бессознательному материальному миру, включающему и его собственное тело. Проблема нигилизма как травма кризиса смыслов будет решаться, начиная с эпохи романтизма, в том числе и в ряде попыток преодолеть тревогу пустоты формальной автономии субъекта и разобраться в парадоксах воплощенности. Целью статьи является анализ проблемы телесности в контексте новоевропейского субъект-объектного дуализма в творчестве С.Беккета, а также в философии А.Шопенгауэра, оказавшей на Беккета решающее влияние. В результате исследования был сформулирован особый способ проработки новоевропейской травмы развоплощенности, заключающийся не в консервативном стремлении восстановить разрушенное и не в революционном преодолении, а в апоретическом, деконструктивном опыте неразрешимости и колебания на границе субъект-объектного раскола, позволяющем сохранить «обещание счастья» и надежду на искупление, не уклоняясь от опыта разочарованности, присущего современности, и сохраняя присутствие духа в комедии воплощения. Философское и художественное осмысление проблемы телесности в творчестве Шопенгауэра и Беккета является одним из сущностных ответов на модерный кризис оснований жизни.

Mõningad märkused nelja ilmakaare kuninga ja jumal-kuninga kontseptsiooni kohta Sumeris ja Akkadis 3. at eKr

This article is dedicated to the issues related to the King of the Four Corners and the God-King in ancient Sumer and Akkad in the 3rd millennium BCE. The author shows that the title King of the Four Corners has always deified the ruler, but the ruler who used the title King of the Universe never claimed divinity. What conclusions can we draw? Except in two cases – the case of Erri-dupizir and the case of Utu-ḫeĝal – all kings who used the title king of the four corners were deified. Erri-dupizir was a foreigner, more a warlord or tribal chief of the Gutians than a king, but he tried to legitimate his power by using Akkadian-Sumerian formulas, among them royal titles. Utu-ḫeĝal freed Sumer from the Gutians’ yoke and re-introduced old Sumero-Akkadian ideological elements, among them the king of the four corners, because he wanted to be as powerful and strong as the Akkadian king Narām-Su’en, who was an example for Utu-ḫeĝal. We do not have any proof regarding the deification of Utu-ḫeĝal, as he ruled only 6–7 years, and we have only a few texts from the time of his reign. More interesting is the fact that none of the Sumerian or Akkadian kings who used the title king of the universe in the 3rd millennium and even in the early 2nd millennium BCE (Isin-Larsa period) were deified (at least we do not have a firm proof). How to explain this phenomenon? Firstly, I think the title king of the four corners had a slightly different meaning than king of the universe; however, both are universalistic titles. The title king of the four corners was probably seen as a wider and more important universalistic title in the sense not only of universal rule, but also of ruling the divine universe and divine spheres (heaven, sun, stars, etc.). It seems that it included some kind of divine aspect, while at least the Sumerian version of the title lugal an-ubda-limmuba means “king of the heaven’s four corners”. The title king of the four corners was related to the universe order, to the sun and the cosmos, and to cosmic divine powers, and they were connected to the universal order. We can see that sometimes the title king of the four corners was used to refer to gods in Ancient Mesopotamia – for example in the case of the god Tišpak in Ešnunna – but never king of the universe. Secondly, early dynastic rulers (e.g. Lagash or Uruk), who never used universalistic titles for themselves, addressed universalistic expressions and epithets to the main gods – e.g., Enlil, Ningirsu, etc. For example, Lugal-kiğine-dudu of Uruk claimed: “Enlil, king of all lands, for Lugal-kiğine-dudu – when the god Enlil truly summoned him, and (Enlil) combined (both) lordship and kingship for him”. Thirdly, ruling over all the lands from east to west or over the corners of the universe – these epithets may be used for gods. LUGAL KIŠ (later Akkadian šar kiššati(m)) in its early original meaning was seen only as “ruler over Kiš (or ruler over (the northern part of) Sumer)”; it was an important though more regional and geographic title. Fourthly, only much later did it acquire the meaning king of the universe but I am not sure about that meaning at all. In that case, king of the four corners had a different meaning; the title designated not only ruling over the world but it probably included some kind of divine aspect as well (Michalowski 2010). In that case the title šar kibrāt arbaˀi(m) – king of the four corners could be seen as more universal than LUGAL KIŠ (šar kiššati(m)). There still remain several questions which need to be solved: * Was LUGAL KIŠ in its Akkadian form šar kiššati(m) a universalistic title at all? * Or was LUGAL KIŠ a hegemonic title showing certain hegemonic rule or lordship over (all) Sumer (and Akkad?) but not including the whole world (here: Mesopotamia)? * Could it be for this reason that the king who used the title king of the four corners had to be deified but the king who was LUGAL KIŠ had not?

Maximum entropy framework for a universal rank order distribution with socio-economic applications

In this paper, we formulate a maximum entropy framework for a two-parameter Rank-Order (RO) distribution, namely the discrete generalized beta distribution (DGBD), which has recently been observed to be extremely useful in modeling several rank-size distributions from different context in Arts and Sciences, as a two-parameter generalization of Zipf’s law. Although it has been seen to provide excellent fits for several real world empirical datasets, the underlying theory responsible for the success of this particular rank order distribution is not explored properly. Here we, for the first time, provide its generating process which describes it as a natural maximum entropy distribution under an appropriate bivariate utility constraint. Further, we have shown that the maximum entropy principle used in estimating probabilistic models from appropriate constraints, via the RO distribution, is also the underlying basis of many socio-economic models. We have demonstrated its acceptability in modeling of different types of socio-economic factors within a country as well as across the countries. The values of distributional parameters estimated through a rigorous statistical estimation method, along with the entropy values, are used to characterize the distributions of all these socio-economic factors over the years.

Graded Geometry, Tensor Galileons and Duality

We review some fundamental aspects of mixed symmetry tensor gauge theories using a formulation based on graded geometry. In particular, we are able to construct kinetic, mass and Galileon-type higher derivative interaction terms for such fields. The resulting elegant geometric formulas allow for shared features of these theories to be highlighted and for possible interaction terms to be classified. In addition, we argue that this formalism is very useful in studying dualities. In particular, we construct a universal first order Lagrangian that may serve as the starting point for the off shell dualizations of differential form gauge theories and generalized gravitons.

Looking for wisdom in Wis 11:2–19:2: between universalism and particularism

The retelling of the exodus narrative in the second half of Wis 11:2–19:22 has often been treated as a thematic shift from sapiential universalism to Jewish particularism. The aim of this article is to contribute to our understanding of Wis 11:2–19:22 through a reappropriation of its universalistic outlook. I argue here that Pseudo-Solomon’s retelling of Israel’s Heilsgeschichte remains focused on the universal order of creation even when discussing themes, such as the punishment of the Egyptians in the exodus narrative, which would lend themselves to polemical and particularistic tones. Integrating creatively historical narrative and sapiential observation of nature, Pseudo-Solomon develops a reflection in which Israel’s particularistic “history of salvation” is at the same time a universal “natural history of salvation” in which salvation reveals itself in the very mechanics of God’s creation.

Рождение властной сети: империя

The article is devoted to the formation of a power network in such a specific state form as an empire. In the European consciousness, the political and legal image of the empire is associated with the Roman and Christian roots of European civilization. Universal peace and order, which the empire proclaims its highest values, cannot be finally achieved, but nevertheless they are always put forward as the main guidelines. The empire is trying to bring them into line with its plans, to use it for their own purposes, but moving in space and changing in time, new elements of new territories complicate this task. The process of forming an empire legally takes place in the face of frequent crises, which forces us to search for the most effective mechanisms of power and management, to develop both existing and new branches of law. Legal norms reflect the constitutional and institutional process taking place within the state. A qualitatively different imperial sovereignty is being formed.

윤재천 수필문학론의 미적 특성 연구

Yoon Jaecheon has pioneered and established a new direction for essay literature. Proving its literary value, he has led the development of Korean essay literature by establishing theories of essay literature and proposing critical criticism, open attitudes, and a fusion-oriented spirit.BR First, Yoon Jaecheon’s essay literary theory rediscovered the value of natural phenomena based on the principle of relationship with humanity and circularity, and he added the reflective depth of ecological consciousness. The awareness and writing of positive ecological consciousness, which embraces the universal order of creation and extinction and imprints the signs of production rediscovered in extinction, is the ultimate message he has continually conveyed. In addition, Yun Jaecheon’s essays are, basically, mixed with two heterogeneous philosophies, namely romantic and experimental. This indicates that Yoon has always pursued an experimental writing method to overcome the limitation while dreaming of an ideal world that is impossible to realize. This is Yoon Jaecheon

A Unified Approach to Standard and Exotic Dualizations Through Graded Geometry

Gauge theories can often be formulated in different but physically equivalent ways, a concept referred to as duality. Using a formalism based on graded geometry, we provide a unified treatment of all parent theories for different types of standard and exotic dualizations. Our approach is based on treating tensor fields as functions of a certain degree on graded supermanifolds equipped with a suitable number of odd coordinates. We present a universal two-parameter first order action for standard and exotic electric/magnetic dualizations and prove in full generality that it yields two dual second order theories with the desired field content and dynamics. Upon choice of parameters, the parent theory reproduces (i) the standard and exotic duals for p-forms and (ii) the standard and double duals for (p,1) bipartite tensor fields, such as the linearized graviton and the Curtright field. Moreover, we discuss how deformations related to codimension-1 branes are included in the parent theory.

Global sociology. Basic research strategies. Part I. Universalist approach

The global sociology was formed at end of the XXthcentury — at the beginning of the XXIthcentury. It consists of a great number of sociological theories belonging to different sociological traditions with different methodological approaches. These theories have a common object field and a common vision of sociological problems which need to be analyzed. The aim of the article is to clarify and to give a theoretical structure to the object field of the global sociology as a specifie research sphere. This specifie sphere of sociological research has its own systemic character due to the unity of the object field. The object field of the global sociology is formed, first, by the processes which have shaped the contemporary global world and second, by the structure and order of this global world. The theoretical and methodological analysis of the theories which make up the global sociology shows that these theories can be divided into two large groups. The first group is formed by theories based on a universalist approach and a universalist vision of the actual global order. The universalist sociological perspective is rooted in the Enligtenmeht social philosophy, in the theories of development of classical sociology, in the original impulses of theories of modernization and Westernization. The uniting principle of all the mentioned theories is the common vision of the contemporary world as the one universal social space which to one extent or other transcends both concrete societies and nation-states. This large group of theories can be subdivided in two subgroups. The first subgroup of universalist theories views the contemporary global world with its order as a result of some original impulses of development of modernity. These impulses are being realized as the universal global order. The article analyzes the sociological theories of I. Wallerstein and A. Giddens as examples of such universalist theories. The second subgroup is formed by theories of globalization which are based on the analysis of the processes of digitalization, networking and also of new basic “mobilities” which are shaping a new global morphology of the space of “flows”. The theories of M. Castels, J. Urry and U. Beck are the examples of such universalis theories. The article also analyzes a global sociological universalist discourse which conceptualizes the global order through “theories of empire”.The Part I of the article is dedicated to universalis theories of global sociology. The Part II is dedicated to the second large group of theories of the contemporary global sociology. These theories are based on the civilization approach which views the contemporary world as a set of civilizations.