Universal Order Research Articles

POSITION OF AMBASSADORS OF THE BELZ VOIVODESHIP AT THE TORUN SEJM OF 1576

The author explores the peculiarities of the functioning of parliamentarism in the Ukrainian lands during their stay in the Commonwealth. The county Sejm of the Belz Voivodeship in the 1570s is used as an example. Particular attention is paid to the activities of representatives of this region at the Toruń Sejm in 1576. As a result of the research, it is established that the Belz ambassadors were consolidating with the representatives of the Ukrainian voivodeships and the crown nobility in the main issues considered during this Sejm. Thus, the nobility demanded the establishment of the Crown Tribunal and the strengthening of the defense of the south-eastern borders of the state. Instead, the newly elected monarch insisted on the need to convene a joint movement to quell the uprising in Gdansk and adopt new taxes. Due to the different positions of the king and the Chamber of Ambassadors, the Sejm ended without the adoption of the Constitution and the Universal Order.

Infraworlds: infrapolitics in an era of extinction

This essay aims to put the philosophical discussion on infrapolitics (a notion that seeks to think about life on the margins of politics) in dialogue with reflections on extinction, from a multispecies feminist perspective, that engage with life on the margins of anthropocentrism. In so doing, it focuses on the concept of world, hegemonically understood as universal order and the experience of demarcation, which has engendered relationships of domination over the non-human, leading to the current era of extinction. This essay proposes the concept of infraworld as a way of thinking about the margins: a space of cohabitation for the human and nonhuman bodies that have been cast out of the world order and, by extension, politics. In that sense, infrapolitical events project themselves as the germination of a Third Landscape, a factual possibility for the living, in hostile or inhospitable terrain. The infrapolitical, as an infraworld of politics, constitutes itself as a marginal opening in a world shuttered by absolute exchangeability.

Відображення формування елліністичного міжнародного порядку у творі Плутарха „Порівняльні життєписи”

The article comprehensively deals with the evidence of the peculiarities of the formation of the Hellenistic international order in the IV century BC. The author notes that the development of the Ukrainian historiography, among other things, is characterized by a deep interest of historians in studying the problems of international interaction between Eastern and Western civilizations. The study of this question allows to find answers to key questions – whether it is possible to create a universal global order based on common political and humanitarian values, or is it just an utopia, because no unifying model can take into account all the specifics of unique cultures, initially doomed to failure. In this context, it is important for the author to consider the history of such interaction between civilizations, in particular during the creation of the Hellenistic regional order in the IV century BC. This aspect is covered in detail in the treatise „Comparative Biographies”, compiled by the ancient Greek writer Plutarch (approximately 46 - 120/127 AD), the analysis of which is the main purpose of the article. As a result of the study, the author concluded that the biography of Alexander the Great presented by Plutarch allows us to consider the process of creating a Hellenistic empire, which united the key territories of West and East, to identify the logic of certain actions of the commander. Plutarch's description also allowed the author to conclude that in creating a new international order in the East, Alexander faced the traditional challenges of the time – increasing conflict with the tribal aristocracy, which for a long time stood behind him and used for personal gain closeness to the king. As a way out of this crisis, Alexander was forced to resort to strengthening his power, in fact reproducing the foundations of Eastern despotism.

Mind-Brain-Body System’s Dynamics

All the current computational mind-brain models are based on the mechanistic (mechanical philosophy) and deterministic vision of the world, conceived in the sign of Cartesian dualism and Newtonian physics, which operate in every sector of knowledge and know-how by reason of a universal mechanistic order. At present the Western theories about the position of human mind in Nature can be reduced to five: Materialism, Metaphysical idealism, Dualism, Holism, Quantum. Based on the identification of two distinct and imbricated physical planes of reality, namely the plane or domain of tension and the plane or domain of energy, a relationship-based alternative explanation of the mind-brain-body system non-linear dynamics is advanced. The paleoanthropological and psychologic roots of the anthropopoietic process are discussed. As advanced in previous works, a cosmogonic hypothesis is summarized on the possible derivation (and subsequent coexistence) of the physical dimension defined by the Planck constant from (with) a physical dimension defined by a non-uniform distribution of tension gradients, the “raw material” of which the mental phenomenon it’s made of. Biological systems are defined as non-linear dissipative systems embedded by super-complex anticipatory systems relying on thermodynamics of non-equilibrium, at the phase boundary between chaotic and ordered (coherent) regimes. The role played by nerve cells in the phylogenetic diversification process is also discussed. In conclusion, an anthropological, phenomenological and physical interpretation of mind, consciousness and the mind-brain-body system’s dynamics is advanced. Mind is not an intrinsic property of matter, nor a state of matter. Mind is a particular way of being of tension in relation to energy, made available when the autopoietic dynamic of a biological system is mediated by the neurologic relational module. Mind is grafted on the stream of sensations (state variations) elapsing within the neuro-dependent dynamics while energy merges into tension on the edge of chaos, that is, a stream of state variations experienced as events, i.e. knots of relations non isolated nor isolatable from the whole in which they are comprised, whose value and relevance is species-specific dependent.

THE ACQUISITION ORDER OF PAST TENSES: AN INTERLANGUAGE ANALYSIS

This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that there appears a systematic order of the acquisition of past tenses. It is claimed that irregular past tense verbs are acquired earlier than regular past tense verbs. In comparison to the acquisition of irregular and regular past verbs, the acquisition of the past copula be forms `was` and `were` is believed to take place much earlier. To test this hypothesis, the data were collected from forty-six students who were asked to write an essay with a minimum of 250 words to get data of the use of past tenses. The findings reveal partial support for the hypothesis, suggesting that the universal order of morpheme acquisition may not be a stable phenomenon.

РОЛЬ СЛАВІЛЬНОЇ СЕМАНТИКИ В ОБРАЗНО-СМИСЛОВІЙ ТА ІНТОНАЦІЙНІЙ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ «ПОТОПА» І. СТРАВИНСЬКОГО

Мета статті – виявлення інтонаційно-смислової специфіки відтворення образів хваління-славослів’я в концепції «Потопа» І. Стравинського. Актуальність теми визначена ключовою роллю творчої фігури І. Стравинського для культури ХХ ст. та затребуваністю його спадщини в сучасній виконавській практиці. Композитор не тільки відкрив нові горизонти в музичному мистецтві, але й узагальнив таку найважливішу якість культурної парадигми епохи, як стильове різноманіття. Твори автора, особливо пізнього періоду, та їх духовна складова і нині потребують ґрунтовного дослідження в сучасному мистецтвознавстві. Методологічна основа роботи базується на інтонаційній концепції музики в аспектах стилістичного й етимологічного аналізу, а також на міждисциплінарному й історико- культурологічному підходах, що дають змогу виявити духовні та жанрово-інтонаційні особливості трактування славільної семантики в зазначеному творі композитора. Наукова новизна. Уперше узагальнено духовно-смислову, жанрово-інтонаційну та драматургічну роль поетики Te Deum та Sanctus в композиційному цілому містеріального задуму «Потопу» І. Стравинського. Висновки. «Потоп» І. Стравинського, створений на перетині різноманітних жанрових традицій (опера, кантата, балет), які поєднані типологічними ознаками містерії («телемістерії»), символізує базові духовно-стильові настанови композитора в пізній період його творчої діяльності, зверненої до біблійної тематики. Славословні розділи «Потопу» І. Стравинського (Te Deum та Sanctus) репрезентують, з одного боку, жанрово-стильові шукання автора, що відкриває для себе інтонаційно-семантичні можливості серійної техніки, яка в загальній концепції твору стає символом «Вселенського порядку». З іншого боку, вони визначають духовно- релігійні настанови світовідчуття І. Стравинського, які засвідчують схильність митця до екуменізму в дусі традицій «Неподіленої церкви» та її східнохристиянської ґенези.

Large-deviations of the basin stability of power grids.

Energy grids play an important role in modern society. In recent years, there was a shift from using few central power sources to using many small power sources, due to efforts to increase the percentage of renewable energies. Therefore, the properties of extremely stable and unstable networks are of interest. In this paper, distributions of the basin stability, a nonlinear measure to quantify the ability of a power grid to recover from perturbations, and its correlations with other measurable quantities, namely, diameter, flow backup capacity, power-sign ratio, universal order parameter, biconnected component, clustering coefficient, two core, and leafs, are studied. The energy grids are modeled by an Erdős-Rényi random graph ensemble and a small-world graph ensemble, where the latter is defined in such a way that it does not exhibit dead ends. Using large-deviation techniques, we reach very improbable power grids that are extremely stable as well as ones that are extremely unstable. The 1/t-algorithm, a variation of Wang-Landau, which does not suffer from error saturation, and additional entropic sampling are used to achieve good precision even for very small probabilities ranging over eight decades.

Triadischer Universalismus: Repräsentation und Konsenspragmatik bei Johann Amos Comenius

Summary The paper deals with the ‘semantics of representation’ and the ‘pragmatics of consensus’ in the work of Johann Amos Comenius. The term ‘semantics of representation’ refers to the concept that things (all that can be referred to) are represented by thoughts in the mind, and thoughts are represented by words. ‘Pragmatics of consensus’ means that normative rules of communicative behaviour can be formulated which in practice lead to effective negotiation. The semantics of representation was a common sense view on language in Comenius’ time and can be seen as a presupposition in his arguing about learning, teaching, understanding and communicating in all his works, not only in the schoolbook Orbis sensualium pictus, but also in Via lucis or De rerum humanarum emendatione consultatio catholica (Consultatio catholica) and others. The pragmatics of consensus was developed mostly in latter works, especially in Consultatio catholica. At the beginning of the paper three of Comenius’ pictures (from the early novel Labyrint světa, the schoolbook Orbis pictus and the theoretical work Triertium catholicum) are compared. The famous drawing of the labyrinth of the world shows a confusing town landscape in a closed circle and symbolizes the chaotic life of man after his fall and the Babylonian language confusion. The didactic emblem for Orbis pictus shows the world in harmony with God’s will. The abstract scheme in Triertium catholicum visualizes the connections between things (res), thoughts (mens), language (lingua) and action (manus). They form a stable and universal order in which thoughts, language and action are interconnected in a triadic relation. Especially the drawing of the labyrinth and the scheme in the theoretical work Triertium catholicum build a contrast between chaos and order. But it is shown that the order of the latter one is also the underlying structure of the confused communication in the labyrinth. Therefore, in Comenius’ view the aim and the duty of the philosopher and teacher is to heal the unhealthy reality of communication, which should be done on the base of normative rules of harmonic and effective communication. These rules are developed by Comenius in his famous Consultatio catholica. The paper closes with a short discussion of the actuality and efficiency of Comenius’ suggestions.

The right to a good and healthy environment: Revitalizing green constitution

Indonesia is the most populous and had the highest absolute environmental impact along with Brazil, China, and India. The paper is a normative legal research, reviewing the right to a good and healthy environment as constitutional rights. The results show that the constitutionalizing of the principle of human rights to a good and healthy environment as fundamental rights on the philosophical, political, and legal dimensions is a necessity for a modern State. It will not be comprehensive to realize a universal environmental when it is not implemented by these three dimensions. In this context, the findings of research are reconstructed by a modern constitution based and oriented towards a universal environmental order.

Scaling of the Berry Phase in the Yang-Lee Edge Singularity

We study the scaling behavior of the Berry phase in the Yang-Lee edge singularity (YLES) of the non-Hermitian quantum system. A representative model, the one-dimensional quantum Ising model in an imaginary longitudinal field, is selected. For this model, the dissipative phase transition (DPT), accompanying a parity-time (PT) symmetry-breaking phase transition, occurs when the imaginary field changes through the YLES. We find that the real and imaginary parts of the complex Berry phase show anomalies around the critical points of YLES. In the overlapping critical regions constituted by the (0 + 1)D YLES and (1 + 1)D ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition (FPPT), we find that the real and imaginary parts of the Berry phase can be described by both the (0 + 1)D YLES and (1 + 1)D FPPT scaling theory. Our results demonstrate that the complex Berry phase can be used as a universal order parameter for the description of the critical behavior and the phase transition in the non-Hermitian systems.

The mission of the Chinese puzzle: From a quest for order to seeking entertainment

Abstract The puzzle has played a significant role in Chinese culture since its formation. The Lo-shu and the Ba-gua, the most prominent number puzzle in ancient China, with its instinctual quest for universal order, has constructed a philosophical system that has incorporated human being as an integral part of nature. The system has exerted great influence on Chinese culture to this day. Because of its mysterious origin and magical evolution, the Ba-gua has been used to predict the fortune of both the nation and the individual. The Chinese character-deconstructing puzzle has also functioned as a foreshadow of one’s fate. By analyzing the components of a character, written by the subject in a specific context, divination was made. In contrast to the solemn mission of the number puzzle, and the character-deconstructing puzzle, the wedding puzzle and the riddle are lighthearted, and intended to provoke humor, and to function pedagogically. A latecomer, once the mysteriousness of number and character has faded, the riddle is used to promote the intellectual development of children. The wedding puzzle has been popular among those who are illiterate and make analogy by using common occurrence to allude to taboo in the oral dialect. Since their illiteracy has excluded them from reading and writing, they are free to make puzzles in their own dialect without being limited by a reverence for the written character.

Universal quantized thermal conductance in graphene.

The universal quantization of thermal conductance provides information on a state's topological order. Recent measurements revealed that the observed value of thermal conductance of the state is inconsistent with either Pfaffian or anti-Pfaffian model, motivating several theoretical articles. Analysis has been made complicated by the presence of counter-propagating edge channels arising from edge reconstruction, an inevitable consequence of separating the dopant layer from the GaAs quantum well and the resulting soft confining potential. Here, we measured thermal conductance in graphene with atomically sharp confining potential by using sensitive noise thermometry on hexagonal boron-nitride encapsulated graphene devices, gated by either SiO2/Si or graphite back gate. We find the quantization of thermal conductance within 5% accuracy for ν = and 6 plateaus, emphasizing the universality of flow of information. These graphene quantum Hall thermal transport measurements will allow new insight into exotic systems like even-denominator quantum Hall fractions in graphene.

Identification for Hammerstein nonlinear systems based on universal spline fractional order LMS algorithm

In this paper, we investigate the identification problem of the Hammerstein nonlinear systems. In order to approximate the nonlinear block and for the convenience of analyzing the convergence of the proposed algorithm, we modify the conventional spline interpolation such that the nonlinear output signal can be expressed in a universal form. Besides, we develop a fractional order LMS (Least-Mean-Square) algorithm to identify the linear block and control points of the nonlinear block and establish the convergence properties of the algorithm by employing the stability theory of fractional order difference systems. Finally, we also provide two numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

How to Construe a Myth: Neutrality Within the United Nations System Under Special Consideration of the Austrian Case

Abstract In the 19th century neutrality was a highly appreciated concept. In the 20th century it widely lost relevance and in principle it should be incompatible with UN membership. However, also under the UN system, some States have opted for neutrality and it can be argued that there is still space for this status within the universal peace order. In fact, this peace order is far from perfect. There are several lacunae in the prohibition of the use of force and this concept is open to different interpretations. New threats, such as international terrorism, are emerging that could threaten the absolute prohibition of the use of force. It is contended here that neutrals could play an important role when it comes to finding an interpretation of this prohibition that best could reconcile the goals of peace and security with the overall—still imperfect—structure of the UN system. These questions are analysed with primary reference to Austrian neutrality which on the one hand seems obsolete but on the other is forcefully looking for a new meaning.

"CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE" OF I. KANT AS A UNIVERSAL PHILOSOPHICAL-LEGAL PARADIGM

This study is carried out by conceptualization of the phenomenon of "categorical imperative" on the basis of correlation of universal imperatives and modern moral-ethical attitudes. The key task of the study is to determine the place and role of classical philosophical-legal paradigm of I. Kant in terms of development of contemporary international legal institutions. The author uses historical-philosophical, cultural and philosophical-legal approaches, ontological and hermeneutic methods, cultural-historical and comparative principles. In the course of history the humanity has already created many legal systems and practices, as well as the universal teachings of morality which radically changed society, influenced on the development of human civilization, defined the nature of contemporary international relations. The classical philosophers, in particular I. Kant, also searched the possibility of creating the best model of fair society, whose core is morality. However, today's "society of benefits and entertainment", leaves no place for a moral person who honors tradition, family, and Homeland. It is shown that only moral personality is capable to think "pure law" as metaphysical dominating. Pure law as a universal model captures the essence of the greater good, which defines the universal order of things in nature and society. And this governing principle extrapolated into the realm of practical (public, international) law.

Spin-current-mediated rapid magnon localisation and coalescence after ultrafast optical pumping of ferrimagnetic alloys

Sub-picosecond magnetisation manipulation via femtosecond optical pumping has attracted wide attention ever since its original discovery in 1996. However, the spatial evolution of the magnetisation is not yet well understood, in part due to the difficulty in experimentally probing such rapid dynamics. Here, we find evidence of a universal rapid magnetic order recovery in ferrimagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy via nonlinear magnon processes. We identify magnon localisation and coalescence processes, whereby localised magnetic textures nucleate and subsequently interact and grow in accordance with a power law formalism. A hydrodynamic representation of the numerical simulations indicates that the appearance of noncollinear magnetisation via optical pumping establishes exchange-mediated spin currents with an equivalent 100% spin polarised charge current density of 107 A cm−2. Such large spin currents precipitate rapid recovery of magnetic order after optical pumping. The magnon processes discussed here provide new insights for the stabilization of desired meta-stable states.

A ORDEM METACONSTITUCIONAL DE DIREITOS HUMANOS E SEUS DESAFIOS NO MUNDO GLOBALIZADO

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as perspectivas de implantação de uma ordem metaconstitucional de direitos humanos, na qual o regime jurídico de proteção dos direitos fundamentais transcende as fronteiras do estado soberano. Para tanto, é necessário investigar os impactos do fenômeno da globalização neodarwinista que se projetam sobre a formação de uma ordem universal kantiana de direitos cosmopolitas. É nesse sentido que o presente trabalho pretende demonstrar que a proteção dos direitos humanos no mundo globalizado caminha entre duas grandes perspectivas autoexcludentes, quais sejam, de um lado, o projeto epistemológico neoliberal da ordem unipolar americana e, do outro, o projeto epistemológico metaconstitucional da ordem mundial multipolar. Em consequência, é importante examinar os desafios que o mundo globalizado apresenta à formação de uma ordem metaconstitucional de direitos humanos inspirada na força normativa do direito cosmopolítico kantiano de curso universal.

Inculcating International Law: the Textbook as Gateway

International students struggle with the lack of hierarchy and enforcement, and the apparent differences between international law and the domestic legal system to which they have been exposed. Sometimes, by drawing analogies with these domestic systems, they impose a legal form that is incommensurable with the reality of international legal structures. Newcomers to international law are altogether perplexed by the very concepts of international legal normativity and how they can be reconciled with insights from other disciplines. In short, textbooks are the vehicle through which the next generation will be initiated into the international legal profession. This paper shares some insights on the writing of an international law textbook that emerged during the writing process. In particular, it focusses on the challenge on how to reconcile the essentially Western, imperial, and colonial heritage of modern international law with a genuine desire to avoid simply reproducing that process of Westernisation. The Eurocentric narrative of international law as a universal legal order is part of its founding myth, and has been integral to the reception and acceptance of international law outside the West. Excavating that myth is a valuable part of international law teaching and scholarship, and not one that can be simply ignored.

An Ontology of Global Order? Heidegger, Laclau, and Political Difference

ABSTRACTThe question of ontology in thinking about global order(s) remains largely unexplored in International Relations (IR) theory. By reviewing the Heideggerian ontological difference and Laclauian postfoundational outlook, this article reconstructs how to conceive of global order(s) from an ontological perspective. The logical conjunction of the strictly philosophical and the political in Heideggerian-Laclauian postfoundational thought leads to two central claims:An ontology of order is impossible because order has not per se a factual side or an essence. Rather, order is always only a contingent manifestation of the historically specific investment of its ordering function.There can be no ontologically prior universal order. Yet an always already failing structuration is not necessarily a failure in its negative connotation. Going beyond the confines of ontological fixity, the failing global order(s) come(s) to terms with challenges of politicization, decision, responsibility, and the need for political contestation.

Emergent charge order near the doping-induced Mott-insulating quantum phase transition in Sr3Ru2O7

Search for novel electronically ordered states of matter emerging near quantum phase transitions is an intriguing frontier of condensed matter physics. In ruthenates, the interplay between Coulomb correlations among the 4d electronic states and their spin-orbit interactions, lead to complex forms of electronic phenomena. Here we investigate the double layered Sr3(Ru1−xMnx)2O7 and its doping-induced quantum phase transition from a metal to an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator. Using spectroscopic imaging with the scanning tunneling microscope, we visualize the evolution of the electronic states in real- and momentum-space. We find a partial-gap at the Fermi energy that develops with doping to form a weak Mott insulating state. Near the quantum phase transition, we discover a spatial electronic reorganization into a commensurate checkerboard charge order. These findings bear a resemblance to the universal charge order in the pseudogap phase of cuprates and demonstrate the ubiquity of charge order that emanates from doped Mott insulators.