Different Types Of Units Research Articles

Variability of Russian phraseological units with personal names

The topic of variability is one of the most demanded in the field of phraseology, since the interrelation of variability and stability is the essential characteristic of phraseological expressions as reproducible language expressions. The relevance of the research is the need to study the trends of phraseological changes, including new approaches to systematizing these changes, which requires the development of methods and techniques of analyzing different types of variability. The aim is to analyze the phenomenon of phraseological variation on the material of phraseological units with anthroponyms, identify types of variation of anthroponyms as parts of phraseological units, describe the traditional and occasional nature of changes and determine the boundaries between variations and autonomous units. With the help of analytic-descriptive method, semantic analysis of dictionary definitions, contextual analysis and corpus method, the role of anthroponymic component in the semantics and structure of phraseological units and the significance of this component variation for changing phraseological units and defining them as variants or autonomous units are characterized. The usual and occasional nature of variation is shown. The following types of variation of the component-anthroponym are identified and examined in detail: variation of forms (onym or its forms); lexical variation (onym/onym; onym/appellative; no lexical variation of onym); syntactic variation. The first type is represented by phonetic, word-formation, morphological, structural variation of the units. Lexical variation is manifested, as a rule, in the substitution of assonant names, including names with gender inversion. Syntactic variation associated with quantitative changes in onyms leads to figurative and structural-semantic changes, modification of the unit, its convergence with phraseological schemes. The analysis of the impact of certain changes in the anthroponymic component on the semantic identity of phraseological units allows to determine the status of phraseological units as variants or autonomous units. The study shows that the anthroponym within phraseological units of different types is a representative component in describing the phenomenon of phraseological variation. In the future, the types of variation of the anthroponym identified may classify the types of Russian phraseological units variation, as well as identify the specificity of variation of phraseological units in other languages.

Optimization Strategy of Hybrid Configuration for Volatility Energy Storage System in ADN

This study aims to address the issues of volatile energy access to the active distribution network (ADN), which are the difficulty of frequency regulation, the increased voltage deviation of the ADN, the decrease in operational security and stability, etc. In this study, a two-stage majorization configuration model is established to identify and understand how volatility energy affects a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The ADN and HESS with lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors (SC) are examined using day forecast data for wind, solar, and load. In this planning stage, the integrated cost, network loss, and node voltage deviation are considered as optimal objectives in a multi-objective optimization model, while the revised multi-objective optimization particle swarm approach is used to solve the initial value of capacity configuration. In the operation stage, optimizing objectives like wind output power fluctuations, the frequency deviation of HESS is used to solve the modified value of the configuration capabilities of the SC, and the output of different types of units in ADN is further optimized by the quantum particle swarm with the addition of a chaotic mechanism. The simulation study is conducted to determine the best configuration result based on case 33 node examples, and the simulation results demonstrate the model’s viability.

Multi-objective optimization of coal-fired power units considering deep peaking regulation in China.

China states to build new power system dominated by new energy power to promote the targets for peaking carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Peaking regulation ancillary services provided by coal-fired power units is an essential solution to mitigate the volatility and instability of large-scale renewable energy for China's specific power mix. However, when the coal-fired power units operate at a low power output, the intensity of both coal consumption and carbon emissions gradually rises with the falling output rate. Moreover, cutting down the power output of coal-fired units frequently will damage the technical life. Given the impacts of power market reform and carbon mitigation targets, whether to participate in the energy market or the peaking regulation ancillary service market is an urgent issue for coal-fired power units. Considering the discrepancy in costs and benefits of various units at different output rate, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model to solve the issue from the perspective of the coal-fired power generators, in which both economic profit and carbon reduction goals are coordinated. Sequential quadratic programming is adopted to solve the nonlinear optimization problem. In order to study the difference in the decisions made by varied technical units, 7 different types of units are analyzed in the case study. The scenarios analysis indicates that large-capacity and new coal-fired power units are better to participate in energy market since it can give full play to the advantage of higher generation efficiency, while the small-capacity ones are suitable to provide flexible service in the peaking regulation ancillary service market. Besides, simple low-carbon objective will burden the cost of coal-fired power units and challenge the sustainable transition of power system. Hence, the power system should balance both economic profit of generators and national carbon mitigation targets during the low-carbon transition.

Deletion of the amidase domain of endolysin LysRODI enhances antistaphylococcal activity in milk and during fresh cheese production

Milk contamination with Staphylococcus aureus can lead to food poisoning in consumers. One strategy to minimize this risk is the use of phage-derived lysins, which are innocuous for humans and do not readily select for resistant variants. However, it remains necessary to find new candidate lysins and define the conditions for their utilization. This study compares the potential of LysRODI and its derivative LysRODIΔAmi (lacking the amidase domain), which displays high activity and storage stability, to successfully decrease staphylococcal contamination in milk under different conditions. Our results show that the engineered protein is more efficacious than the parent endolysin in practically all cases. For instance, while LysRODI only decreased the number of cells by 1–2 log units in different types of commercial milk and contamination levels, the chimeric lysin eliminated them below detection. Also, LysRODIΔAmi was more active against four strains with varying degrees of susceptibility. Regarding incubation temperature, both proteins were faster at 32 °C and 37 °C. Significantly, the engineered lysin eliminated detectable contamination in just 15 min. Finally, LysRODIΔAmi proved very successful at reducing staphylococcal contamination below detection during lab-scale fresh cheese production by enzymatic coagulation. Our data show that LysRODIΔAmi is a promising candidate for biocontrol in milk.

Preparedness for maternal and neonatal emergencies in UK midwifery units: A national survey using the UK Midwifery Study System (UKMidSS)

ObjectiveWe aimed to document and describe variation in a range of factors impacting on preparedness for and the management of emergencies in midwifery units in the UK. Design, setting and participantsNational cross-sectional survey administered online through the UK Midwifery Study System (UKMidSS) to midwife ‘reporters’ in all 206 alongside and freestanding midwifery units in the UK, January-April 2020. Topics investigated included communication with the ambulance service in freestanding units, staff support for emergencies, training and equipment held. FindingsIn total, 137 (67%) midwifery units responded, representing 75% of eligible UK maternity services. There was no evidence of differences between responding and non-responding units in terms of type of unit, annual number of births, or country/region of the UK. Overall, 10 freestanding units (20%) reported using an ordered categorical system (e.g. ‘category 1’ or ‘code red’) to communicate an emergency to the ambulance service, 17 (35%) reported using other words describing urgency (e.g. ‘obstetric emergency’), and 15 (31%) reported having no agreed word or phrase. Almost all alongside units reported that a senior midwife, paediatrician/neonatologist and obstetrician might attend in an emergency, whereas most freestanding units reported the attendance of paramedics and/or a senior midwife. The type and frequency of staff training varied, with 77% of units reporting annual skills and drills training, and lower proportions reporting annual multi-disciplinary simulation (55%), in-situ simulation (50%) and neonatal life support training (59%). The equipment kept in midwifery units varied between different types of unit. For example, 28 alongside units (32%) reported keeping ventouse in the unit and 21 (24%) kept forceps, compared with 4 (8%) and 2 (4%) freestanding units respectively. Almost half of freestanding units (47%) and around a quarter of alongside units (24%) reported having a cardiotocograph (CTG) in the unit. ConclusionsThe study found wide variation in factors that impact on preparedness for and management of emergencies in UK midwifery units. Although some variation is inevitable given the varying size and location of units, this study has identified some areas where greater consistency might improve outcomes.

A novel version of the hidden logarithm problem for post-quantum signature algorithms

In the article we propose a novel version of the hidden logarithm problem (HLP), the peculiarity of which is using the local units instead of the global unit in the HLP proposed earlier for designing post-quantum signature schemes. Two different 4-dimensional finite associative algebras with non-commutative multiplication operation are proposed as carriers of the introduced version of the HLP. One of the proposed algebras contains the global two-sided unit. The second algebra contains only local units (single-sided and two-sided ones). In the first algebra, every non-invertible element, which is not a zero-divisor, defines many local single-sided (the right-sided and the left-sided) and many local two-sided units. The both types of the single-sided units play an important role for defining the HLP of the proposed version. Formulas describing the local units of different types are derived and used to generate the public key of a developed HLP-based signature algorithm that is resistant to quantum attacks. Design criterion and security discussion of the introduced signature scheme are presented.

ENERGY SAVING BY REPLACING UNLOADED ENGINES OF NON-STANDARD EQUIPMENT FOR ROLLING STOCK REPAIR

It is established that at various technological processes at repair of a rolling stock of railways electric drives of the universal non-standard equipment can constantly work in essentially underloaded mode that leads to deterioration of their power indicators. The aim of the work is to quantify the reduction of active power losses when replacing constantly underloaded asynchronous motors of unregulated electric drives of universal non-standard technological equipment used in the repair of railway rolling stock with less powerful ones. In this work, the subject of research are the motors of electric drives of this equipment. The analysis of technological processes at repair of a rolling stock, technical characteristics of the specified equipment is carried out and the conclusion is accepted that first of all it is expedient to investigate efficiency of replacement on the equipment of the established engine on less powerful at carrying out at the specialized enterprises of such technological processes warehouse (wheel pairs, traction motors, auxiliary electric machines, frames of rolling stock carts, etc.). The load of the electric motors of transport trolleys of equipment is proposed to be defined as the ratio of the weight of a large unit of electric locomotive, diesel locomotive, electric train and other types of rolling stock to the carrying capacity of universal non-standard equipment of transport trolley. The term "universal" equipment is introduced in the work, which means equipment for performing a certain technological process in the repair of various large units of different types of rolling stock, as well as "specialized enterprise" specializing in the repair of rolling stock, large units which weigh significantly less, than the load-lifting capacity of the transport cart of the equipment. Therefore, the motors of electric drives of universal equipment at these enterprises are constantly operating underloaded. Also actions for quantitative assessment and reduction of active power losses in the electric drive motor are offered.

Functional unit choice in space conditioning life cycle assessment: Review and recommendations

Space cooling through air conditioners and electric fans, which already accounts for 10% of global energy consumption, is expected to increase as temperatures rise under climate change and as air conditioning becomes more accessible. The life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of this energy-intensive activity are concerning in their potential to create a positive feedback loop for climate change. There is thus a growing need for life cycle assessments (LCAs) on space conditioning systems to be designed to facilitate comparison for climate change mitigation efforts, with similar standardization as has developed in the electricity LCA field, in which the vast majority of LCAs conform to a specific system boundary and functional unit. We present the first study that assesses the uniformity and identifies discrepancies in methodology between space conditioning LCAs. We analyzed the goals, system boundaries, and chosen functional units of 33 peer-reviewed LCAs on single-structure space conditioning systems published between 2000 and 2020. The findings indicate that the stated goals of these studies were mostly aligned, but there was a lack of consensus on functional unit definition, with multiple different types of units used across studies. This lack of consistency in functional units complicates and may even prevent the comparison of life cycle environmental impacts of technologies and methods of space conditioning, which is necessary to make decisions towards increased sustainability in space conditioning. Consequently, we recommend that a standard functional unit for space conditioning systems be defined as 1 MJ of heat added to or removed from conditioned space to ensure future studies are comparable.

Optimal Planning of Electricity-Natural Gas Coupling System Considering Power to Gas Facilities

Bidirectional coupling systems for electricity and natural gas composed of gas units and power-to-gas (P2G) facilities improve the interactions between different energy systems. In this paper, a combined optimization planning method for an electricity-natural gas coupling system with P2G was studied. Firstly, the characteristics of the component model of the electricity-natural gas coupling system were analyzed. The optimization planning model for the electricity-natural gas coupling system was established with the goal of minimizing the sum of the annual investment costs and the annual operation costs. Based on the established model, the construction statuses for different types of units, power lines, and pipelines and the output distribution values for gas units and P2G stations were optimized. Then, the immune algorithm was proposed to solve the optimization planning model. Finally, an electricity-natural gas coupling system composed of a seven-node natural gas system and a nine-node power system was taken as an example to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the model under different scenarios.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АВТОРСЬКОГО МОБІЛЬНОГО ЗАСТОСУНКУ У ФОРМУВАННІ АНГЛОМОВНИХ ЛЕКСИЧНИХ НАВИЧОК СТУДЕНТІВ

The abstract deals with the issues of creating and using the author's mobile application Word Memorizer according to the requirements of the Language Program for universities / faculties of foreign philology for second-year students majored in philology on such topics as Theater, Sport, Choosing a Career and “Health”. The stages and methods of mastering vocabulary by students of higher education establishments majoring in philology were analyzed, the features of mobile applications that help learn new words and the types of exercises and tasks they include were considered. The authors substantiated their choice of exercises for the author's mobile application Word Memorizer. About 500 lexical items (more than 100 words for each of the topics) were introduced into the application. To form the lexical competence of students majored in philology the following stages of work with vocabulary were introduced: semantization (acquaintance with new words); automation (formation and initial consolidation of skills of using lexical units); reproduction (improvement and development of skills of using mastered lexical units in different types of speech activity). To test the effectiveness of the application its approbation was conducted in order to form lexical skills of students on the mentioned above topics. The approbation was carried out in three stages: 1) preparatory, 2) executive, 3) final. At the first stage, the words were divided according to the level of difficulty according to the scale of the Common European Framework of References, the goals and objectives of the exercises. The evaluation criteria were defined, and a diagnostic dictation was performed. At the second stage, the application was used and students were consulted. At the third stage, a control test was conducted and the results of the study were summed up. The article also presents the results of testing the use of the aforementioned application by second-year students majoring in English language and literature.

Experimental study on load capacity of thermal generator unit in heating season

With the development of renewable energy and the rapid growth of thermal load, due to the influence of the mode of “determining power by heat”, the power grid dispatching in heating season can not accurately adjust the unit load, and the peak load regulation capacity of power grid is limited. Through the load capacity test of cogeneration units in heating season, the adjustment range and limiting factors of different types of units are obtained, which can be used as reference for power generation enterprises and power grid dispatching operation.

An <i>N</i>-dimensional Fortran interpolation programme (NterGeo.v2020a) for geophysics sciences – application to a back-trajectory programme (Backplumes.v2020r1) using CHIMERE or WRF outputs

Abstract. An interpolation programme coded in Fortran for irregular N-dimensional cases is presented and freely available. The need for interpolation procedures over irregular meshes or matrixes with interdependent input data dimensions is frequent in geophysical models. Also, these models often embed look-up tables of physics or chemistry modules. Fortran is a fast and powerful language and is highly portable. It is easy to interface models written in Fortran with each other. Our programme does not need any libraries; it is written in standard Fortran and tested with two usual compilers. The programme is fast and competitive compared to current Python libraries. A normalization option parameter is provided when considering different types of units on each dimension. Some tests and examples are provided and available in the code package. Moreover, a geophysical application embedding this interpolation programme is provided and discussed; it consists in determining back trajectories using chemistry-transport or mesoscale meteorological model outputs, respectively, from the widely used CHIMERE and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) models.

Research on electric load adjustment ability of different types of heat supply units

With the development of renewable energy and the rapid growth of thermal load, due to the influence of the mode of "determining power by heat", the power grid dispatching in heating season can not accurately adjust the unit load, and the peak load regulation capacity of power grid is limited. Through the load capacity test of cogeneration units in heating season, the adjustment range and limiting factors of different types of units are obtained, which can be used as reference for power generation enterprises and power grid dispatching operation.

Fault-Recovery and Robust Deadlock Control of Reconfigurable Multi-Unit Resource Allocation Systems Using Siphons

A multi-unit resource allocation system usually contains several processes and a number of resources with multiple units. Due to the competition for shared resources in these systems, deadlocks may occur. Recently, researchers have shown an increased awareness in deadlock control strategies for such a kind of systems without considering the dynamic changes such as processing failures and rework by using the Petri net paradigm. This article reports a new strategy for deadlock analysis and control in reconfigurable multi-unit resource systems (MRSs). We discuss a generalized class of Petri nets in which each stage of a process may require a number of units of different types of resources to perform a task. In this way, we can model more complex real systems. Thanks to a generalized class of Petri nets, i.e., the system of sequential systems with shared resources (S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> R), this article proposes an effective integrated strategy for designing robust supervisors for reconfigurable MRSs, and improves an S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> R model to achieve a new model, namely a system of sequential systems with shared resources and part-re-entry (S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> RP), which represents the procedure that a flawed product re-enters a system and is re-processed. We use a siphon-based max-controllability deadlock prevention policy (DPP) to supervise the evolution of the S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> RP, and present a comprehensive analysis to demonstrate that the controlled S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> RP is free of deadlocks. A net analysis tool (INA) is used to test and validate the resulting S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> RP.

The depth utilization method of condensate system’s energy-storage to improve large turbine generator units’ load response characteristic

Load response characteristics of high thermal power units are critical to a safe and efficient grid-connected utilization of large-scale renewable energy with strong randomness. A condensate throttling regulation was reported to improve the units variable load rate. However, it is not verified by tests in different types of units. In the paper, the influence of the storage capacity of the steam generator’s condensate system on the load response characteristics is studied for four subcritical 330 MW heating units by simulation and an experimental test. The result shows the feasibility of the condensate throttling regulation, which is of great value to the practical engineering application in the future. In addition, this paper obtains the condensate regulation potential of units under different power generation load conditions through simulation and actual tests. These real data will help other units of the same type to carry out similar modifications or tests.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF DISHES IN GERMAN RESTAURANT DISCOURSE

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the structural and semantic features of dish names and their descriptions in German in the field of restaurant discourse. The study employs cognitive discourse analysis, elements of comparative and contextological approaches, taking into account linguocultural parameters. The relevance of the comprehensive study of the names of dishes in restaurant discourse is due to an increased interest in the parameterization of lexical units in different types of institutional discourse. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time, within the framework of a restaurant menu, not only the nomination of a dish is considered, but also the structural and semantic characteristics of its description are analysed. An attempt is made to analyse a connection between the nominations of dishes and their description in the restaurant menu, as well as to determine the semantic dominants of the genre under study. It is concluded that the text of the menu as a whole presents a combination of the language for special purposes and the language of advertising. In interaction with extralinguistic factors, the nominations of dishes and their descriptions not only document the culture of food in society, but also reflect the ethnocultural picture of the world. Based on the analysis of the menu texts, it is established that structurally the names of dishes are complex words or phrases, built mainly according to the attributive model. The description of dishes performs the function of verbalizing the sensations of taste and clarifying the method of preparing dishes, characterizing the quality of dishes, their ingredients, and the intensity of taste. Evaluative parameters in descriptions are expressed at the lexical, grammatical, syntactic and stylistic levels.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МЕХАНОАКТИВАЦИИ ОТСЕВА ГРАНИТА В МЕЛЬНИЦАХ РАЗЛИЧНОГО ТИПА ПРИ СИНТЕЗЕ НАНОСТРУКТУРИРОВАННОГО ВЯЖУЩЕГО

In this paper, the possibility of obtaining nanostructured binders (NB) based on acidic igneous intrusive rocks is considered by the example of screening out granite using milling units of different types, followed by an assessment of the degree of effectiveness of their application for this type of aluminosilicate raw material. A comparative analysis of the degree of mechanoactiva-tion impact of them is carried out. A comparative analysis of the microstructure of samples of granite screening, crushed in three different milling units has been realized. It has been found that the type of milling unit significantly affects not only the degree of dispersion and the nature of the particle size distribution of particles, but also on morphological features of them. It was revealed that the most effective milling unit for obtaining (synthesizing) a binder system from granite screening is a ball mill, as the content of nano- and micro-level particles in this system are maximum, which ultimately determines its quality as a binder. The analysis of the structural, morphological, and strength characteristics of NB obtained from the granite screening in a ball mill, which is following similar data on a quartz NB and allow us to speak about the effectiveness of the use of a ball mill is a grinding machine and granite screening as a raw component for the synthesis of NB.

Cerebellar Cortex 4-12 Hz Oscillations and Unit Phase Relation in the Awake Rat.

Oscillations in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the cerebellar cortex have been related to behavior and could facilitate communication with the cerebral cortex. These local field potential (LFP) oscillations, strong at 4–12 Hz in the rodent cerebellar cortex during awake immobility, should also be an indicator of an underlying influence on the patterns of the cerebellar cortex neuronal firing during rest. To address this hypothesis, cerebellar cortex LFPs and simultaneous single-neuron activity were collected during LFP oscillatory periods in the GCL of awake resting rats. During these oscillatory episodes, different types of units across the GCL and Purkinje cell layers showed variable phase-relation with the oscillatory cycles. Overall, 74% of the Golgi cell firing and 54% of the Purkinje cell simple spike (SS) firing were phase-locked with the oscillations, displaying a clear phase relationship. Despite this tendency, fewer Golgi cells (50%) and Purkinje cell’s SSs (25%) showed an oscillatory firing pattern. Oscillatory phase-locked spikes for the Golgi and Purkinje cells occurred towards the peak of the LFP cycle. GCL LFP oscillations had a strong capacity to predict the timing of Golgi cell spiking activity, indicating a strong influence of this oscillatory phenomenon over the GCL. Phase-locking was not as prominent for the Purkinje cell SS firing, indicating a weaker influence over the Purkinje cell layer, yet a similar phase relation. Overall, synaptic activity underlying GCL LFP oscillations likely exert an influence on neuronal population firing patterns in the cerebellar cortex in the awake resting state and could have a preparatory neural network shaping capacity serving as a neural baseline for upcoming cerebellar operations.

Markedness and implicational relationships in phonological development: A cross-linguistic investigation

Purpose The complexity approach to speech disorders, based on the theoretical notion of phonological markedness, has been gaining interest over the last decade. In a nutshell, this approach suggests that the acquisition of phonologically marked units (e.g. complex onsets) implies the acquisition of less marked ones (e.g. singleton onsets). However, because the notion of markedness is, itself, subject to controversies, we need to constrain what types of implications can be generalised among language learners, within and across languages. Method We report on longitudinal data from one phonologically-disordered and five typically-developing children documented across four different languages (English, French, German, Portuguese), using data from the PhonBank database (https://phonbank.talkbank.org). Using the Phon software program (https://www.phon.ca), we systematically analysed each longitudinal study for consonants in singleton onsets and codas as well as in onset clusters. Result The implicational relationships supported by our study involve units of similar types (e.g. relations between different segmental categories), while relationships that involve different types of units or processes cannot be generalised across learners. Conclusion A better understanding of implicational relationships makes the complexity approach more predictive of developmental patterns of phonology and related phonological disorders.

Research on Operation Stability of Standard Orifice Plate in Nuclear Power Plant KME System

In order to promote the power stability of nuclear power units, the KME thermal balance principle is used to further analyze the factors affecting the flow of the standard orifice plate of the nuclear power plant KME system (Test Instrumentation). The high-accuracy three-coordinate measuring machine is used to detect the arc radius of the entrance edge of the standard orifice plate and the inner diameter of the standard orifice plate. Analysis the operation history data of the standard orifice plate of the nuclear power plant KME system. Study the running radius of the entrance edge of the same orifice plate and the inner diameter of the standard orifice plate under different operating units. Obtain the influence of the arc radius of the entrance edge of the standard orifice plate and the inner diameter of the standard orifice plate of different types of units.