Ultrasonic Diagnosis Research Articles

Clinical research of prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis and prognosis of fetal dacryocystocele

Objective To discuss the ultrasonographic feature and prognosis of the fetal dacryocystocele and its correlation.Methods The ultrasonographic feature of 51 patients diagnosed as dacryocystocele prenatally by sonography were retrospectively analyzed.All fetus were followed up to induced labor or 6 months after birth.The correlation between the size and the gestational age were analyzed by correlation analysis method and compared the fetal prognosis adopt U test.Results The incidence of dacryocystocele diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound was about 0.47‰.The diagnosis was established by the detection of a cystic lesion in relation to the medial and inferior aspects of the fetal orbit.Unilateral dacryocystoceles were more often found than bilateral,and left more than right.The maximum diameter range from 2.0 mm to 12.0 mm,average (5.9 ± 2.2)mm.There is no correlation between cyst size and gestational age.Prognosis of isolated nasolacrimal duct cyst is good.Conclusions The fetal dacryocystocele have typical ultrasonographic feature,Ultrasound is a rapid and reliable method which can be used for diagnosis of dacryocystocele prenatally and follow-up after birth. Key words: Ultrasonography,prenatal; Nasolacrimal duct; Cysts

Correlation of ultrasonographic types of breast fibroadenomas with pathologic findings

Objective To explore the correlation of ultrasonographic,pathologic,and clinical findings of breast fibroadenomas.Methods 157 cases of breast fibroadenomas demonstrated by pathologic findings were examined with color Doppler ultrasound prior to biopsy.Images were classified according to ultrasound characteristics and analysed with latter pathologic findings.Results Ultrasound images of 157 cases could be divided into 6 types:uniformity( n =82),linage( n =37),bicolor( n =15),nodule-in-nodule (n =3),cyst-massity mixed ( n =9),calcify( n =11).5 cases were mistakenly judged to breast cancer on ultrasound images(1 ease in the linage,1 case in the cyst-mass mixed,3 cases in the calcify).Accurate ratio of ultrasound diagnosis was 96.82％.Pathologic finding:①Uniformity type,hyperplasia of both the gland and fibrous tissue of tumor in order.② Linage type,hyperplasia fibrous tissue in belt.③ Bicolor type,significant difference in the proportion and arrangement of the hyperplasia gland and fibrous tissue.④Nodule-in-nodule type,extensive hemorrhagic infarction in tumor.⑤Cyst-massity mixed type,hydatoncus,metaplasia in great sweat gland,hyperplasia conduit epithelial,conduit cystic-expansion.⑥ Calcify type,fibroadenomas on growth of static or regression transformation,and calcify of interstitial tissue.Conclusions Ultrasonic diagnosis and its simple typing is an accurate,simple and effective way for the diagnosis of breast fibroadenoma,which may improve the accuracy of diagnosis rate for breast fibroadenoma.It is helpful for choosing the surgical remedies. Key words: Ultrasonography, mammary; Breast diseases ; Fibroadenoma

Role of three vessels and trachea view in ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal heart disease and great artery abnormality

Objective To evaluate the role of three vessels and trachea view (3VT) in diagnosis of fetal heart disease and great artery abnormality.Methods 39 pregnant women undergoing fetal ultrasound scan and diagnosed with great artery abnormality were enrolled in this study.Then the image characteristics and significance of 3VT in these 39 cases were analyzed and evaluated.Results In these 39 cases proved by autopsy,persistent truncus arteriosus(7 cases),transposition of the great arteries(7 cases),coarctation of the aorta(5 cases),tetralogy of Fallot (4 cases),pulmonary stenosis (3 cases),hypoplastic left ventricle syndrome(2 cases),persistent left superior vena cava (2 cases),pulmonary valve stenosis with single ventricle(2 cases),Ebstein anomaly with pulmonary stenosis (1 case),interruption of the aortic arch( 1 case),hypoplastic right ventricle(1 case),dextroaortic arch (1 case),and ductus arteriosus stenosis( 1 case) were detected.All of them had anomalies performance on 3VT.While in the 2 cases of double outlet right ventricle,only one eoncurrenting with pulmonary artery stenosis showed reduced inner diameter of pulmonary artery on 3VT.According to the performance of 3VT in great artery abnormality,it could be divided into 4 categories:abnormal location,abnormal ratio,abnormal amount and abnormal blood direction of great artery.Conclusions 3VT is a useful supplement to the 4-chamber view,and has significant value in diagnosis of fetal heart and great arteries abnormities. Key words: Ultrasonography, prenatal; Angiodysplasia ; Three vessels and trachea view

Real‐time diagnosing polymer processing in injection molding using ultrasound

AbstractUltrasonic diagnosing technique with a new high‐temperature ultrasonic transducer is developed to real‐time diagnose polymer processing and its morphology changes in injection molding processing. Compared with the previous researches, the new technique can provide more and accurate information. In this study, ultrasound diagnosis shows that longitudinal wave can real‐time characterize the data of the injection process and polymer morphology changes, including melt flow arrival time, the part ejection time, filling and packing stages, polymer solidification process, and the morphology changes during polymer crystallization. Shear waves can real‐time diagnose Young's and shear storage modulus, anisotropy property of polymer in injection molding. During our research, real‐time ultrasonic diagnosis shows that the storage modulus along the vertical direction is larger than that of the parallel to the melt flow direction under our setup injection conditions. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis measurements present that it is because the crystalline lamellas of HDPE are parallel arrangement and grow in a vertical to melt flow direction owing to injection shear force under a certain injection conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Development of Multiple-Frequency Ultrasonic Imaging System Using Multiple Resonance Piezoelectric Transducer

The authors have developed a multiple frequency imaging system using a multiple resonance transducer (MRT) consisting of 1–3 composite materials with a low mechanical quality factor Q bonded together. The MRT has a structure consisting of thin and thick piezoelectric plates, two matching layers, and a backing layer. This makes it possible to obtain B-mode images of satisfactory resolution using ultrasonic pulses owing to their short duration. In this paper, the vibration property of the MRT derived through equivalent-circuit analysis is first shown. By utilizing the result, an MRT capable of transmitting ultrasonic pulses for generation of the images of biological tissues with satisfactory resolution is designed and prototyped. Setting the prototype transducer in the mechanical sector probe of commercial ultrasonic diagnosis equipment, the speckle reduction effect is demonstrated using images of various phantoms to mimic biological tissues and a human thyroid.

Recent advances of ultrasonic diagnosis in renal cell carcinoma

肾细胞肾癌是全球较不发达地区男性中排名14位的常见恶性肿瘤,在女性中排名18位[1].随着辅助检查尤其是影像学的发展,越来越多临床表现尚不明显的早期肾癌被发现,大大改善了患者的预后.现在的影像学技术除了能协助对肾癌的早期诊断、定性诊断以及分期之外,还能评判靶向治疗对进展型肾癌的效果.笔者试将超声在肾细胞肾癌诊断中的最新进展作一综述。

Application of ultrasonic inspection in monitoring dynamic healing of mandibular fracture in rabbit model

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis for monitoring fracture healing. MethodsThirty rabbit models with fraction of mandible body were established by surgically removing partial lower jawbone. At the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 12th week after the operation, they were examined by X-ray and ultrasound, respectively. All detection results were scored according to a generally accepted standard. Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the results of the two inspection methods. ResultsIn each healing stage, the results of the ultrasonic inspection were basically consistent with those of the X-ray examination, as supported by a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.892 (P<0.001). ConclusionsNon-invasive ultrasonic inspection can be used instead of X-ray examination to monitor and diagnose fracture healing.

Ultrasonic reflection coefficient and surface roughness index of OA articular cartilage: relation to pathological assessment

BackgroundEarly diagnosis of Osteoarthritis (OA) is essential for preventing further cartilage destruction and decreasing severe complications. The aims of this study are to explore the relationship between OA pathological grades and quantitative acoustic parameters and to provide more objective criteria for ultrasonic microscopic evaluation of the OA cartilage.MethodsArticular cartilage samples were prepared from rabbit knees and scanned using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Three quantitative parameters, including the roughness index of the cartilage surface (URI), the reflection coefficients from the cartilage surface (R) and from the cartilage-bone interface (Rbone) were extracted. The osteoarthritis grades of these cartilage samples were qualitatively assessed by histology according to the grading standards of International Osteoarthritis Institute (OARSI). The relationship between these quantitative parameters and the osteoarthritis grades was explored.ResultsThe results showed that URI increased with the OA grade. URI of the normal cartilage samples was significantly lower than the one of the OA cartilage samples. There was no significant difference in URI between the grade 1 cartilage samples and the grade 2 cartilage samples. The reflection coefficient of the cartilage surface reduced significantly with the development of OA (p < 0.05), while the reflection coefficient of the cartilage-bone interface increased with the increase of grade.ConclusionHigh frequency ultrasound measurements can reflect the changes in the surface roughness index and the ultrasound reflection coefficients of the cartilage samples with different OA grades. This study may provide useful information for the quantitative ultrasonic diagnosis of early OA.

Laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination and ultrasonic pregnancy diagnosis in Arabi ewes

Laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination (LAI) refers to a special technique by which the operation is done through several small holes in the abdomen with the aid of telescope. These incisions are much smaller than wound required in traditional surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic artificial insemination. To increase the pregnancy and twins rate by using gonadotrophic releasing hormone (GNRH) and accurate pregnancy diagnosis in ewes by using ultrasonography, the present study was carried out in the animal farm college of veterinary medicine/Basrah University. Thisstudy started in 3rd August 2009 to 12th February 2010. This study included 9 ewes aged about 8 to 10 months and 2 rams aged between (9 to 11 months) and one of them was vasectomized. The rams were kept and separated from ewes for 2 weeks; at the beginning all ewes were checked for previous pregnancy by using of laparoscope. Injection of 0.00421 mg Buserelin hormone was given to induce estrus. The estrus ewes were prepared for surgical operations and made sedation by injection of Xylazine 0.11 to 0.22 mg/kg body weight (BW); and then 1 ml/cm2 of 2% of lidocaine was injected as local anesthesia. The animal was fixed on surgical table and then prepared for aseptic technique; afterwhich the ewes were inseminated laparoscopically by intra uterine injection of 0.25 ml of fresh ram semen. The results show the possibility of laparoscope as a technique used for artificial insemination in ewes in 71.4% of pregnancy rate. The laparoscopic insemination was successfully done in ewes without complication; there was no critical effect of intra-abdominal pressure (14 mmHg) by CO2 in small ruminants and pregnancy rate in ewes was successfully diagnosed by ultrasonography. Key words: Laparoscopic surgery, artificial insemination, ultra sonic, estrus, pregnant diagnos.

Ultrasonic diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome in fetus

Objective To explore the significance of amniotic band in prenatal diagnosis, to find fetal abnormalities caused by amniotic band syndrome,and to provide valuable reference for prenatal counseling and for choice of clinical management.Methods The ultrasonic data on 13 cases of amniotic band syndrome confirmed by autopsy or examination after induced labor were retrospectively analyzed.The sources and features of floating band in the amniotic fluid dark areas, the location and extent of fetal abnormalities,and the adhesion of the floating band with the abmoral parts of the futus were analyzed.The reasons for missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were determined by analyzing the ultrasonic features and differential diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome.Resulte 9 of 13 cases of amniotic band syndrome were confirmed by ultrasound, 7 of which were multiple abnormalities and 2 were single.2 cases were not diagnosed and 2 were misdiagnosed.Conclusions Ultrasonic examination can accurately detect amniotic band syndrome by clearly revealing the shape of amniotic band and the types of abnormalities caused by adhesion.It is of important significance in the selection of treatment plans and the reduction of perinatal mortality. Key words: Amniotic band; Abnormalitiy; Ultrasonic diagnosis

Application of Color Doppler Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Thyroid Adenoma and Nodular Goiter

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasonic diagnosis on thyroid adenoma and nodular goiter.Methods The ultrasonic manifestation of 50 thyroid adenoma and 58 nodular goiter were reviewed and compared with pathology finding.Results There was no significant difference between two groups when compared with the size,internal echo nodules,nodules around the capsule(P＞ 0.05),but there was a significant difference in the number of nodules,colon section size of edge halonodules(P＜ 0.05).There was a significant difference in the surrounding blood flow signals and the paraneters of peripheral blood flow (Vmax)and(Vmin)between two groups(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters of internal blood flow(Vmax),(Vmin)and RI between two groups(P＞ 0.05).The accuracy of diagnosis for thyroid adenoma and nodular goiter by color Doppler were 86％ and 82％ respectively.Conclusion The color Doppler ultrasound has important clinic value in the differential diagnosis of thyroid adenoma and nodular goiter. Key words: Color Doppler; Diagnosis of Thyroid Adenoma

Examination by Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Clinical Findings of Perforated Aappendicitis and Non-Perforated Appendicitis

Examination by Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Clinical Findings of Perforated Aappendicitis and Non-Perforated Appendicitis

Fluctuating portal velocity tracing with rhythmicity: ultrasonic differential diagnosis and clinical significance

BackgroundTo evaluate the usefulness of the routine sonographic evaluation of the pattern of fluctuate portal velocity tracings and the hepatic veins for the diagnosis of arterioportal fistula (APF) and cardiogenic trans-sinusoidal shunting (CTS).Materials and methods.Color Doppler flow imaging and pulsed-wave Doppler (PW) examinations of the portal vein were performed in 282 subjects. The waveforms of the velocity tracings in the portal main trunk and its branches were determined to infer APF or CTS. Suspected cases of APFs or CTSs were always confirmed by echocardiography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography, or digital subtraction angiography findings. The portal maximum velocity (Vmax), minimum velocity(Vmin), Vmax/Vmin, arterial peak systolic velocity and resistance index, and venous reverse and forward velocities were used to estimate their haemodynamics.ResultsThe waveform of the velocity tracing for the draining portal vein of APF was typically arterial-like or diphase, as indicated by a systolic hepatofugal dwarf peak and a diastolic hepatopetal low flat shape. The flow in the affected portal vein was always hepatofugal in an intrahepatic patient, whereas a hepatopetal flow was observed in an extrahepatic APF patient. The waveform of the velocity tracing for the portal vein of CTS patients, especially its intrahepatic branches, showed a typical hump-like shape with or without a transitory hepatofugal tracing. The PW results displayed an increase in the retrograde phase of the hepatic venous flow with increased velocities in the two phases.ConclusionsPortal velocity tracings should be evaluated during routine detecting for APF or CTS, especially in patients with gastrointestinal upsets.

ULTRASONIC DOPPLER DIAGNOSIS DEVICE

An ultrasonic Doppler diagnosis device having a velocity data interpolating section for generating interpolated velocity data for interpolating velocity data between two sound lines and two scanning lines, using the velocity data at the intersections. The velocity data interpolating section converts two scalar arrays of unsigned numeric data corresponding to a first and second numeric values to signed arrays of numeric data using a data converting section and generates the interpolated velocity data based on the converted signed array of numeric data, when a result of identification obtained from an identifying section indicates that one of the first and second numeric values has a positive velocity smaller than a first threshold value corresponding to a positive velocity, and the other of the first and second numeric values has a negative velocity greater than a second threshold value corresponding to a negative velocity.

Ultrasonic diagnosis of hepatic carcinoid tumors

Objective To explore the ultrasonic presentations of primary hepatic carcinoid tunors.Methods The ultrasonic data of 9cases of hepatic carcinoid tumors,who were pathologically confirmed from September 2002to November 2008in our hospital,were retrospectively analyzed.Results Ultrasonic examination showed that the diameters of the 9tumors were all5cm.The tumors had an irregular morphology and presented with strong or high echo with inhomogeneous echo inside.The tumors had no noticeable capsule and had clear borders and rich blood supply.Wide bleeding and necrosis of tumor could cause the cystic mass.There were no primary nidus or tumor emboli of portal veins.Conclusion Ultrasonic diagnosis of liver carcinoid tumors still lacks specific presentations,and efforts should be made to persistently summarize the experience to improve the diagnosis.

The splenic Littoral cell angioma in China: a case report and review

Littoral cell angioma (LCA) is a rare splenic vascular neoplasm that arises from the cells lining the red pulp sinuses. It is deemed to be a benign and incidental lesion. The earliest literature report of littoral cell angioma has been described by Falk. The examination of samples after splenectomy reveals similar pathological change and its change rule is summarized. However, many recent reports have described it to be a malignant tumor with congenital and immunological associations. Generally speaking, the definitive diagnosis can only be made after histological and immunohistochemical profiles. In this case report, we presented the case of a 48-year-old woman with multiple splenic LCAs. Initially, the patient was characteristics of abdominal distension, weakness and fatigue. Multiple hemangiomas were observed in the spleen through abdominal ultrasonic diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed the splenomegaly with multiple round and hyperdense lesions. The patient subsequently underwent splenectomy. Postoperative histological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of LCA. Based on the presentation of this case, clinical, radiographic and pathological results of LCA as well as recent advances in our understanding of this uncommon splenic lesion were reviewed. LCA is an uncommon splenic tumor diagnosed in patients with or without abdominal discomfort. Only a few case reports regarding this kind of tumor have been published as inconsistent results. In the present paper, we have reported a case of LCA and reviewed the literature.

Ultrasonic characterization of phase morphology of high density polyethylene/polyamide 6 blend melts

The high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyamide 6 (PA6) blend melts with a droplet-matrix microstructure were investigated using ultrasonic diagnosis system. The blend composition, as well as the particle size of the dispersed PA6 phase controlled by adding various amounts of the reactive compatibilizer HDPE grafted with maleic anhydride (HDPE-g-MAH), was, respectively, correlated with the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation. The results showed that ultrasonic velocity was insensitive to the particle size but varied linearly with the blend composition. However, the decrease of ultrasonic attenuation with the increasing content of HDPE-g-MAH suggested that the attenuation depended greatly on the particle size. Further investigations revealed that there was a good linear relationship between the excess attenuation and the size of the dispersed phase. Our results present that ultrasonic technique may be served as a promising technique for exploring phase morphology of polymer blends during processing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

Measurement of Two-Dimensional Temperature Distribution in Tissue Phantom Caused by Ultrasonic Irradiation Observing by Infrared Camera

Measurement of Two-Dimensional Temperature Distribution in Tissue Phantom Caused by Ultrasonic Irradiation Observing by Infrared Camera

Ultrasonic Diagnosis in Preterm Labor

ABSTRACT Ultrasound diagnosis of the preterm birth was discussed in the measurement of uterine cervical length, its significance for the prediction of preterm birth, fetal growth estimation for the study on fetal maturity and fetal lung immaturity assessment with noninvasive ultrasonic techniques for the prediction and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Fetal Bone and Small Parts

ABSTRACT The prenatal diagnosis of fetal bone and small parts is a challenging task to the variable disorders and large number of possible diagnosis. Fetal limb anomalies may be congenital or acquired in utero. The former occur as anomalies either systemically or, in some limbs, due to hereditary or sporadic impairment in the formation or development of bone, cartilage or soft tissue. Acquired anomalies are caused by mechanical factor of an amniotic band or oligohydramnios. Both types present functional and cosmetic abnormalities, and skeletal dysplasia in particular includes lethal diseases, which makes prenatal diagnosis in such cases highly important, both medically and societally. Diagnostic imaging for prenatal diagnosis is accomplished by ultrasound, MRI and CT scan, and chromosomal and genetic diagnosis is also performed as needed. We focus on skeletal dysplasia to review prenatal diagnosis of fetal bone and small part anomalies by noninvasive ultrasound. For the authors as perinatologists, this is the imaging modality of choice.