Abstract
Littoral cell angioma (LCA) is a rare splenic vascular neoplasm that arises from the cells lining the red pulp sinuses. It is deemed to be a benign and incidental lesion. The earliest literature report of littoral cell angioma has been described by Falk. The examination of samples after splenectomy reveals similar pathological change and its change rule is summarized. However, many recent reports have described it to be a malignant tumor with congenital and immunological associations. Generally speaking, the definitive diagnosis can only be made after histological and immunohistochemical profiles. In this case report, we presented the case of a 48-year-old woman with multiple splenic LCAs. Initially, the patient was characteristics of abdominal distension, weakness and fatigue. Multiple hemangiomas were observed in the spleen through abdominal ultrasonic diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed the splenomegaly with multiple round and hyperdense lesions. The patient subsequently underwent splenectomy. Postoperative histological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of LCA. Based on the presentation of this case, clinical, radiographic and pathological results of LCA as well as recent advances in our understanding of this uncommon splenic lesion were reviewed. LCA is an uncommon splenic tumor diagnosed in patients with or without abdominal discomfort. Only a few case reports regarding this kind of tumor have been published as inconsistent results. In the present paper, we have reported a case of LCA and reviewed the literature.
Highlights
Littoral cell angioma (LCA) is a benign neoplasm of the spleen that was first described by Falk et al in 1991 [1,2], when they illustrated 17 cases of “a novel type of vascular tumor” [3]
The computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) features of this neoplasm have been well described, there is a lack of specificity in differentiating the tumor from other primary vascular splenic tumors, namely, hemangiomas and angiosarcomas [8,9,10]
The nodules with dark bluish red, smooth and multilobulated surface were ranged from 0.3 to 4.4 cm. These nodules were characterized as having multiple cystic spaces and structures resembling exaggerated red pulp sinusoids [12,13,14]. This lesion was described as a vascular neoplasm with anastomosing vascular channels lined by histiocytes with occasional papillary structures, which was consistent with LCA (Figure 3)
Summary
LCA is a benign neoplasm of the spleen that was first described by Falk et al in 1991 [1,2], when they illustrated 17 cases of “a novel type of vascular tumor” [3]. Case report A 48-year-old Chinese woman was admitted due to non-specific complaints of abdominal distension, weakness and fatigue This patient had been diagnosed with an oophoritic cyst 11 years ago and right oophorocystectomy. The nodules with dark bluish red, smooth and multilobulated surface were ranged from 0.3 to 4.4 cm These nodules were characterized as having multiple cystic spaces and structures resembling exaggerated red pulp sinusoids [12,13,14]. This lesion was described as a vascular neoplasm with anastomosing vascular channels lined by histiocytes with occasional papillary structures, which was consistent with LCA (Figure 3).
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