Ultrasonic Diagnosis Research Articles

The objectivity of ultrasonic diagnosis

The objectivity of ultrasonic diagnosis

A standardised ultrasonic diagnosis and an accurate prevalence for the retroverted uterus in general gynaecology patients

Transvaginal ultrasound with an empty bladder is recommended as a standardised ultrasonic technique for the accurate diagnosis of the retroverted uterus. Using this method, the prevalence of the retroverted uterus in 480 general gynaecological patients attending for subspecialist gynaecological ultrasound was 18%. The anteverting effect of the full bladder required for transabdominal ultrasound reduces the prevalence of the retroverted uterus to 13% (P < 0.001).

Ultrasonic diagnosis and prognosis of fetal multicystic kidney dysplasia

To explore the diagnosis, clinical course and prognosis of fetal multicystic kidney dysplasia (MCDK). 24 858 pregnant women detected by prenatal ultrasound, here were 41 cases with fetal multicystic kidney dysplasia, these fetuses were diagnosed at average 29.8 weeks of gestation, Carried on an observation to fetuses with multicystic kidney dysplasia and postnatal follow-up study. T17 cases were induced abortion. Of 13 infants, 1 case involute, 3 cases decrease, 9 cases no change. Prenatal ultrasonography can actual diagnosis for fetal multicystic kidney dysplasia, the key of management of multicystic kidney dysplasia is assessment of fetal prognosis, the natural history of unilateral MCDK is usually benign, the affected kidneys tend to show involution after birth. But bilateral MCDK often associated with impairement of renal function, abnormal chromosome or other anomalies, which indicates a poor prognosis.

A quality control method by ultrasonic vibration energy and diagnosis system at trimming process

To investigate a relation between vortex clusters and large-scale structures in the outer layer of wall turbulence, direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flows have been conducted up to Re τ = 1270. The vortex clusters in the outer layer consist coherent fine scale eddies (CFSEs) of which diameter and maximum azimuthal velocity are scaled by the Kolmogorov length and the Kolmogorov velocity. The CFSE clusters are inside the large-scale structure, which contributes to the streamwise velocity deficit. The scale of those clusters tends to be enlarged with the increase of a distance from the wall. The CFSE clusters are composed of the relatively strong CFSEs, which play an important role in the production of the Reynolds shear stress and the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy. The most expected maximum azimuthal velocity of the CFSEs in these low-momentum regions of the outer layer is 30 ~ 70% faster compared with those of the CFSEs in unconditioned regions (i.e. all regions of the outer layer), while the most expected diameter of the CFSEs is not changed greatly.

A quality control method by ultrasonic vibration energy and diagnosis system at trimming process

In this paper, the characteristics in mechanical properties of ultrasonic cold forging treatment (UCFT) used for the trimming knife and the effects of ultrasonic vibration energy (UVE) into the trimming process on the state of the strip cutting face were studied. And a diagnosis system to quality control for trimming knife and strip cutting face was developed and installed in plant. By the plant application of UCFT, service life of knife was more increased over 100% than that of conventional knife and using the developed diagnosis system, the knife breakage and saw ear have been perfectly detected and quality control of trimming face is effectively obtained.

Resolution evaluation of ultrasonic diagnosis tools for electrical insulation devices and the detection of electrical trees

Ultrasound is a well-known diagnosis tool that can be used for the condition assessment of insulating systems. For this special purpose, various investigations on the detectability of the included inhomogeneities are performed: The resolution of ultrasonic measurements on high voltage insulations has been evaluated by using standardized Landolt rings in silicone rubber and epoxy resin. Although a dependency exists on the ring position, the diagnostic system that is used is able to image the gap with a sub-millimeter size. In other words, the system has recognition ability for two different objects close to such a distance. Regarding detectability, it has been found that in addition to ball-shaped inhomogeneities, the system can also detect thin fibrous objects with a diameter of a few micrometers. Finally, the results are used to detect and characterize electrical trees in silicone rubber

Reliability of Diagnostic Test in Rotator Cuff Mucle Pathology

Background: Several tests to assist it in the diagnoses of rota-tor cuff impairment have been described in the literature but controversy still exists as to the accuracy of these tests. A study was therefore conducted to determine the reliability of the rotator cuff muscle tests (empty can, full can, lift off and external rotation) as a diagnostic tool.Methodology: Fifty three patients experiencing shoulder pain were assessed using manual muscle tests (empty can; full can; lift off and external rotation tests). Both pain and weakness were recorded using numerical scales adapted from tests performed by Itoi et al, (1999). These results were compared to ultrasonic diagnoses made by a surgeon. Informed consent was obtained and anonymity was ensured for all participants.Results: A test was false positive when ultrasonic diagnosis indicated no tear in the muscle (although oedema or calcification may have been present), but the manual muscle test was positive regarding pain and weakness. A test on the other hand was false negative when the ultrasonic diagnosis indicated a muscle tear but the manual muscle tests indicated no pain or muscle weakness. Reliability was tested using sensitivity and specificity tests. The sensitivity of all four tests was high (80%), but the specificity was low (20% to 40%), implying that a large number of false positivediagnoses can be made. The major contributors to the false positive results were sub-acromial sub-deltoid bursitis anda decreased acromio-humeral space. When considering pain alone for a positive result the correlation increased a little, however, taking both pain and muscle weakness into account, the correlation increased even more.Conclusion: The manual muscle tests were not as reliable as expected, but concurrent pathologies may be the main factor influencing the results of the tests. The combination of muscle strength and pain could be recommended as criteria for a positive test. The empty can and full can tests could both be recommended in predicting a torn supraspinatus tendon, as they were equally sensitive

An Ultrasonographic Method to Study Reproductive Seasonality in Ewes Isolated from Rams

In studies concerning the seasonality in sheep, the effect of the teaser-ram, which can by itself induce oestrus as well as the development of ovary function bodies, has not been considered. In this study, a method is developed to determine ovarian activity during the year while excluding a possible influence of the ram. The study was carried out on 10 German Blackhead Mutton ewes (GBM) and 10 German Mutton Merino ewes (GMM) and lasted for 14 months. The ewes were kept without contact with any ram, and once a week a transrectal ultrasonography was conducted to determine ovary function bodies (corpora lutea, follicles) and a blood sample was taken to analyse progesterone (P4) concentration. In both breeds, the number of ovulating ewes, the ovulation rate (OR), the size of the corpora lutea (CL) and P4-concentrations showed significant seasonal fluctuations. During the main breeding period (September-February), the OR was higher (2.0 +/- 0.4) than during the rest of the year (1.6 +/- 0.5). Outside the main breeding season (March-August), approximately 40% GBM ewes and only approximately 15% GMM ewes produced CL. The cycle and the related seasonal changes in the P4-concentration coincide with different ultrasonically diagnosed CL (developing or regressing, insufficient, no CL). Between the volume of fully developed CL and P4-concentration, correlations of 0.57 (GMM) and 0.45 (GBM), respectively, were found. On average, P4-concentration in September to February was by approximately 1.60-1.66 nmol/l in the GMM and by approximately 1.80-1.86 nmol/l in the GBM higher than in spring and summer. Considering the OR, the P4-values corresponded with the CL volumes, i.e. in the months from August to February the CL values were significantly larger than in the months March to August. The ultrasonic ovarian diagnosis is a useful method to determine the ram-uninfluenced seasonality of reproduction in sheep.

Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Abdominal mass of Children

目的 通过对78例小儿腹部肿块的声像图分析,探讨小儿腹部肿块的超声诊断与鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析78例小儿腹部肿块的声像图特征,结合手术、病理及细胞学检查对比的结果,探讨各种小儿腹部肿块的声像图特征及鉴别要点.结果 非肿瘤性肿块31例,占39.7%(31/78);肿瘤47例,占60.3%(47/78),其中恶性肿瘤44例,占所有病例56.4%(44/78),占肿瘤病例93.6%(44/47).超声诊断与病理对照,符合率79.5%(62/78);与手术对照,定位准确率92.3%(72/78);诊断不明确12例;误诊4例.结论 超声检查可提示腹部肿块的大小、部位、来源、性质、与毗邻脏器的关系及有无转移灶、并发症等,是小儿腹部肿块重要的检查方法之一。

Development of an ultra-broadband ultrasonic imaging system: prototype mechanical sector device.

We constructed an ultra-broadband ultrasonic transducer in a mechanical sector device, and prototyped a system to generate real-time images with higher harmonics. The potential of the system to reduce speckle was also studied. To efficiently detect the higher harmonic components in echo signals, in addition to the transmitting transducer, another transducer only for broadband reception is necessary. We constructed a receiving transducer by bonding a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) high-polymer piezofilm to the radiation surface of the transmitting lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer. By building this PZT-PVDF bi-layered ultrasonic probe into a mechanical sector scanner of an ultrasonic diagnosis system, an ultra-broadband ultrasonic imaging system capable of real-time imaging was prototyped. Using images of phantoms in water acquired using the prototype system, the acquisition of higher harmonic images with less noise up to the fourth order was demonstrated. In addition, we confirmed that the logarithmic summation of harmonic components from the fundamental to the fourth harmonic effectively reduces speckle noise in the images. By obtaining an echo signal from phantoms using a PZT-PVDF bi-layered ultrasonic mechanical sector probe, real-time imaging was carried out, and the effectiveness of its higher harmonic components from the fundamental to the fourth harmonic was confirmed with respect to speckle reduction.

ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Objective: To find the value of ultrasound in the management of first trimester vaginal bleeding.Material and Methods: All patients reporting with vaginal bleeding in obstetrics and gynaecology Unit-III, NishtarHospital, Multan were included in the study. Non-pregnant patients and patients with vaginal bleeding due to the causeother than conception were excluded. After history, clinical examination and pregnancy test, ultrasonography was donewith abdominal convex probe (3.5 Mhz) and/or vaginal (5 Mhz) probe to every patient. Results: Overall incidence offirst trimester vaginal bleeding was 12.23%. Disparity between clinical and ultrasonic diagnosis was 17.3% in casesof incomplete abortion, 11.6% in cases of inevitable abortion, 9.7% in cases of threatened abortion, 3.8% in cases ofmissed abortion and 1.9% in cases of blighted ovum and 1.9% in cases of molar pregnancy. The confirmation ofdiagnosis after histopathology of surgically obtained specimen revealed least percentage of misdiagnosis on ultrasoundevaluation. While in ectopic pregnancy no disparity found on clinical, ultrasonographic and surgical results, but it wasmisleading as only late cases with ruptured ectopic pregnancy and obvious clinical signs and symptoms were referredto the hospital. Otherwise USG would have shown increased sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Study hasconfirmed the superiority of USG scanning over conventional methods in earlier and more precise diagnosis and thusbetter treatment of patients having first trimester vaginal bleeding. It is more accurate, safe, non-invasive and quick indiagnosis and management. It prevents from undue surgical intervention as well as undue delay in surgery whenrequired. Once bleeding has occurred repeat pregnancy test should he ignored and better not done at all. Thus USGshould he an important diagnostic tool in every emergency unit but importance of clinical diagnosis cannot beoverlooked.

1248: Ultrabroadband ultrasonic imaging using bilayer structure transducers

Building an ultra-broadband ultrasonic transducer in a mechanical sector device, a system to generate real-time images with higher harmonics, is prototyped and its capability of reducing speckle is examined. In order to efficiently detect the higher harmonic components in echo signals, besides the transmitting transducer, another transducer is necessary only for broadband reception. In the present paper, a receiving transducer is realized by bonding a PVDF piezo film to the radiation surface of the transmitting PZT transducer. Constructing a mechanical sector scanner of an ultrasonic diagnosis system with such a PZT-PVDF bilayered ultrasonic probe, an ultrabroadband ultrasonic imaging system capable of real-time imaging has been prototyped. Using an experiment to generate images for phantoms in water with a prototype system, the acquisition of harmonic images with less noise up to the fourth order has been demonstrated. In addition, it has been confirmed that the logarithmic summation of harmonic components from the fundamental to the fourth harmonic effectively reduces the speckle noise in the images.

3450: Ultrasonic diagnosis of one rare case of join-twins malformation

Objectives: Patient: female, age: 31, pregnancy: two times, delivery: one time, gestational period: 20 weeks. Seen with ultrasonic wave.Methods: Examine brain structure, spines, limbs, the hearts, the thoraces and abdominal organs by ultrasound.Results: (1) One fetus head, the outer diameter of the head: 18.0. (2) The faces can not be seen clearly. (3) The parallel ranges of the two spinal columns can be seen, but the sacrococcyeal defect of the two spinal columns can be seen. (4) The thoraces are transverse and the two hearts structure can not be seen clearly. (5) The abdominal perimeter is 18.6 cm and the abdomen is not connected. (6) There are two magenblases in abdominal cavity, one liver and two kidneys. They are beside the two spinal columns A.B. (7) There are four upper limbs and four lower limbs.(8) There is one placenta, the thickness: 2.4 cm, amniotic fluid: 4.3 cm. The umbilical cord can not be seen clearly.Conclusions: The case is rare join-twins malformation and it has only occurred in single chorioplacental cavity, single amniotic cavity twins. Objectives: Patient: female, age: 31, pregnancy: two times, delivery: one time, gestational period: 20 weeks. Seen with ultrasonic wave. Methods: Examine brain structure, spines, limbs, the hearts, the thoraces and abdominal organs by ultrasound. Results: (1) One fetus head, the outer diameter of the head: 18.0. (2) The faces can not be seen clearly. (3) The parallel ranges of the two spinal columns can be seen, but the sacrococcyeal defect of the two spinal columns can be seen. (4) The thoraces are transverse and the two hearts structure can not be seen clearly. (5) The abdominal perimeter is 18.6 cm and the abdomen is not connected. (6) There are two magenblases in abdominal cavity, one liver and two kidneys. They are beside the two spinal columns A.B. (7) There are four upper limbs and four lower limbs.(8) There is one placenta, the thickness: 2.4 cm, amniotic fluid: 4.3 cm. The umbilical cord can not be seen clearly. Conclusions: The case is rare join-twins malformation and it has only occurred in single chorioplacental cavity, single amniotic cavity twins.

1240: Ultrasonic diagnosis of the peripheral arterial diseases

Recent advances and clinical applications of ultrasound (US) for the peripheral arterial diseases were introduced. Tissue harmonic imaging and compound scan improve the quality of B mode images, and extended-field-of view imaging (panoramic view) and three-dimensional US contribute to a more objective evaluation of the entire peripheral arteries. New blood flow imaging “B-flow” provides high frame rate imaging and high special resolution. It can be display stenostic lesions more correctly than color/power Doppler US.

Reliability of diagnostic tests in rotator cuff muscle pathology

Background: Several tests to assist it in the diagnoses of rota-tor cuff impairment have been described in the literature but controversystill exists as to the accuracy of these tests. A study was therefore conducted to determine the reliability of the rotator cuff muscle tests (empty can, full can, lift off and external rotation) as a diagnostic tool.Methodology: Fifty three patients experiencing shoulder pain were assessedusing manual muscle tests (empty can; full can; lift off and external rotationtests). Both pain and weakness were recorded using numerical scales adapted from tests performed by Itoi et al, (1999). These results were compared to ultrasonic diagnoses made by a surgeon. Informed consent was obtained and anonymity was ensured for all participants.Results: A test was false positive when ultrasonic diagnosis indicated no tear in the muscle (although oedema or calcification may have been present), but the manual muscle test was positive regarding pain and weakness. A test on the other hand was false negative when the ultrasonic diagnosis indicated a muscle tear but the manual muscle tests indicated no pain or muscle weakness. Reliability was tested using sensitivity and specificity tests. The sensitivity of all four tests was high (80%), but the specificity was low (20% to 40%), implying that a large number of false positive diagnoses can be made. The major contributors to the false positive results were sub-acromial sub-deltoid bursitis and a decreased acromio-humeral space. When considering pain alone for a positive result the correlation increased a little, however, taking both pain and muscle weakness into account, the correlation increased even more.Conclusion: The manual muscle tests were not as reliable as expected, but concurrent pathologies may be the main factor influencing the results of the tests. The combination of muscle strength and pain could be recommendedas criteria for a positive test. The empty can and full can tests could both be recommended in predicting a torn supraspinatus tendon, as they were equally sensitive

ＳＲリソグラフィを用いて製作した複合圧電材料の内部共振

A ceramic micro fabrication process has been developed for the 1-3 piezo-electric composites which is suitable for high frequency, wideband ultrasonic transducer. This process employs synchrotron radiation (SR) lithography and a micro molding process. This process realized an array of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) rods whose cross section is 25 microns. The material is expected to improve the resolution of the ultrasonic diagnosis, because composites can transmit a short ultrasonic pulse and have high sensitivity. In addition, when circular shape PZT rods is arranged at the apex of the regular triangle, the internal resonant mode became clear to be suppressed.

Establishment of experimental hepatic steatosis model in rabbits and non-invasive quantitative ultrasonic diagnosis of fatty liver disease

Establishment of experimental hepatic steatosis model in rabbits and non-invasive quantitative ultrasonic diagnosis of fatty liver disease

Ultrasonic characterization of porcine liver tissue at frequency between 25 to 55 MHz

To study the relation between acoustic parameters and histological structure of biological tissue and to provide the basis for high-resolution image of biological tissues and quantitative ultrasonic diagnosis of liver disease. Ultrasonic imaging and tissue characterization of four normal porcine liver and five cirrhotic liver tissue samples were performed using a high frequency imaging system. The acoustic parameters of cirrhotic liver tissue were larger than those of normal liver tissue. The sound velocity was 1577 m/s in normal liver tissue and 1631 m/s in cirrhotic liver tissue. At 35 MHz, the attenuation coefficient was 3.0 dB/mm in normal liver tissue and 4.1 dB/mm in cirrhotic liver tissue. The backscatter coefficient was 0.00431 dB/Srmm in cirrhotic liver tissue and 0.00303 dB/Srmm in normal liver tissue. The backscatter coefficient increased with the frequency. The high frequency images coincided with their histological features. The acoustic parameters, especially the sound backscatter coefficient, are sensitive to the changes of liver tissues and can be used to differentiate between the normal and pathological liver tissues. High frequency image system is a useful device for high-resolution image and tissue characterization.

Real-time ultrasonic diagnosis of polymer degradation and filling incompleteness in micromoulding

Injection moulding techniques have been miniaturised and refined to achieve micromoulding which aims to satisfy the need for mass production of low-cost micro- and nanoscale components. However, the microscale mould cavity features and extreme processing conditions which are inherent in the process can result in larger process variations than conventional injection moulding, with a corresponding increase in the probability of producing an unsatisfactory product. Accurate process diagnosis is required to ensure process reliability but integration of sensors onto the small and highly detailed mould units can be problematic and alternatives may need to be sought. Piezoelectric film ultrasonic transducers were integrated onto the extrusion barrel and mould insert of a micromoulding machine for real-time, non-destructive and non-intrusive process diagnosis with an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. Polymer degradation owing to excessive heating at the extrusion barrel was successfully probed by measuring the ultrasonic velocities in the polymer at the mould insert. Filling incompleteness of the mould cavity was also sensitively detected by monitoring the ultrasonic energy variation transmitted into the part at different points along the melt flow length. The developed ultrasonic sensors and technique enable optimisation and in-process quality assurance of the moulded parts which ensures that maximum process efficiency can be achieved.

2005 Guidelines for ultrasonic diagnosis of breast diseases regarding the mass image-forming types.

2005 Guidelines for ultrasonic diagnosis of breast diseases regarding the mass image-forming types.