Ukrainian Texts Research Articles

Identification and Correction of Grammatical Errors in Ukrainian Texts Based on Machine Learning Technology

A machine learning model for correcting errors in Ukrainian texts has been developed. It was established that the neural network has the ability to correct simple sentences written in Ukrainian; however, the development of a full-fledged system requires the use of spell-checking using dictionaries and the checking of rules, both simple and those based on the result of parsing dependencies or other features. In order to save computing resources, a pre-trained BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer) type neural network was used. Such neural networks have half as many parameters as other pre-trained models and show satisfactory results in correcting grammatical and stylistic errors. Among the ready-made neural network models, the pre-trained neural network model mT5 (a multilingual variant of T5 or Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) showed the best performance according to the BLEU (bilingual evaluation understudy) and METEOR (metric for evaluation of translation with explicit ordering) metrics.

The Stage of Narrating the Subject-Recipient of Fear’s Usual World in Macro-Modelling Horror Texts in English and Ukrainian

The Stage of Narrating the Subject-Recipient of Fear’s Usual World in Macro-Modelling Horror Texts in English and Ukrainian

Людмила Алексеевна Вербицкая: «украинский старт» российского филолога

The activities of the prominent Russian organizer of science, scientist, and teacher of higher education, Lyudmila Alekseevna Verbitskaya (Bubnova), are extremely relevant. Studying of her experience allows us to form an effective work algorithm for our contemporary seeking to make a personal contribution to the development of national science and education. To conduct the study, the authors have used such methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, as well as a number of purely historical methods: historical-systemic, comparative, retrospective. The publication is to analyze the previously unpublished documents from the archive of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University on Lyudmila Bubnova’s stay in the Lviv Children’s Labour Colony, where criminals and children of repressed Soviet citizens were kept together. Lyudmila Alekseevna Verbitskaya is a famous Russian philologist and organizer of science, the only female rector in the history of the St. Petersburg State University. Lyudmila Alekseevna began her career in Ukraine, being admitted to the Ivan Franko Lviv State University from the Lviv Children's Labor Colony, where she was kept as the daughter of an “enemy of the people.” The article is based on unique archival documents that permit to analyze the initial formation of the future philologist; among them L. A. Bubnova’s handwritten autobiography (1953), petition of the head of the department of children's colonies of the Lviv region, Major Chumakov, to the rector of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University for her admission to the faculty of philology (department of Russian philology), L. Bubnova's texts in Russian and Ukrainian written for entrance examination in the university, documentary data on her grades at entrance examination in Russian language and literature, Ukrainian language, history of the USSR, geography, and foreign language. Of interest is her personal data sheet, her academic certificate for the first year at the university with results of 8 exams and tests in the first semester and 12 tests and exams in the second semester, as well as her coursework. The authors conclude that the “Lviv period” in her life and education gave L. A. Verbitskaya (Bubnova) a launching pad for her future scientific and administrative career.

War stories in social media: Personal experience of Russia-Ukraine war

In light of the current Russia-Ukraine war, traumatic stress in civilian Ukrainians is a critical issue for psychological science to examine. Social media is often viewed as a tribune for authors’ self-expressing and sharing stories on the war’s impact upon their lives. To date, little is known about how the civilians articulate their own war experience in social media and how this media affects the processing of traumatic experience and releasing the traumatic stress. Thus, the goal of the study is to examine how the personal experience of the Russia-Ukraine war 2022 is narrated on Facebook as a popular social media venue. The study uses a corpus of 316 written testimonies collected on Facebook from witnesses of the Russia-Ukraine war and compares it against a reference corpus of 100 literary prosaic texts in Ukrainian. We analyzed both corpora using the Ukrainian version of the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software – LIWC 2015 (Pennebaker et al., 2015). We identified psychological and linguistic categories that characterized the war narratives and distinguished it from the literary reference corpus. For instance, we found the style of Facebook testimonies to be significantly less narrative and more analytic compared to literary writings. Therefore, writers in the social media focus more on cognitive reappraisal of the tragic events, i.e., a strategy known to lead to a reduction of stress and trauma.

A MODEL OF THE ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN SUB-CORPUS OF TEXTS OF NATO, UN AND WTO OFFICIAL AND BUSINESS DOCUMENTS

A MODEL OF THE ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN SUB-CORPUS OF TEXTS OF NATO, UN AND WTO OFFICIAL AND BUSINESS DOCUMENTS

FUNCTIONAL AND TEXTUAL PARAMETERS OF INVERTED DISCOURSE FRAGMENTS IN UKRAINIAN-ENGLISH CO-REFERRENTIAL PAIRS OF MODERNISTIC TEXT

The article deals with the expressive functional and textual parameters of inverted sentences in the discourse fragments of a modernist text within the Ukrainian-English co-referential pairs. The comprehensive linguistic elucidation requires the text style and genre traits consideration. The analyzed Ukrainian text presents a pattern of the “urban trend” of the modernistic prose. Literary modernism is associated with a special aesthetic dimension aimed at the revelation of controversies between a person’s emotions and the environment. The stylistic function of inversion is revealed within the framework of a macrocontext which eff ects the readers’ perception of the whole literary work. The analysis of the Ukrainian-English co-referential pairs implies consideration of isomorphic and allomorphic features of the contrasted languages with the indication of the contexts’ expressive characteristics. The contrastive analysis of Ukrainian-English syntactic constructions may serve as a means of establishing their communicative and structural equivalence. The emotive potential of the inverted sentences may be disclosed when combined with additional inherently and adherentltly expressive units of diff erent language levels within the analyzed discourse fragments. Isomorphic and allomorphic features of the contrasted languages (distribution, frequency, usage relevance factors) in each of them determine the importance of the inverted order preservation in the target text. Inversion as a stylistic fi gure is endowed with the decreased expressive potential in the Ukrainian text, while in English one the syntactic order is functionally determined and its deliberate violation (inversion) constitutes the so-called “structural-and-connotational realia” in relation to the Ukrainian language which possesses a greater emotive force. In V. Pidmohylny’s prose, inversion is used to perform various functions: the sentence units emphasis, the interpretation of artistic detail, and the revelation of personage’s emotional experience in relation to his life (the inability to harmonize his personal inner feelings and motives) as well as to the environment (unknown and bizarre city, uncomfortable and bleak dwelling). The consideration of convergences and divergences of the contrasted fragments within the framework of co-referential contexts with the attention to the writer’s style will contribute to the appropriate perception of the texts by readers in diff erent languages. Key words: inversion, inherent and adherent expressiveness, comparison, co-referential pair, isomorphic and allomorphic features, discourse fragment, language levels.

Isomorphic Transliteration into the Latin Script of Old Ukrainian and Modern Ukrainian Texts: From the Historical Written Heritage to the Present Linguistic Technologies

This article analyses the Old Ukrainian and New Ukrainian alphabets and proposes a system of their isomorphic (simple-correspondent) transliteration into the Latin script, which is necessary for the effective inclusion of Ukraine in international cooperation in the field of information and linguistic technologies, preservation of historical written monuments, development of multilingual corpus linguistics and computational lexicography. Particular attention is paid to the letters that, during the historical development of the Ukrainian language, have had different readings, particularly <г>, <є>, <и>, <ъ>, <ь>.

GRAMMATICAL AND SYNTACTIC PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH MILITARY AND POLITICAL TEXTS INTO UKRAINIAN

The article is focused on the study of grammatical and syntactic features of the translation of English-language military and political texts. Due to the specific communicative and functional orientation, the specialized language of the military sphere operates within three functional language styles (official, journalistic and scientific). The preference for one of these styles varies according to the topic of communication. The study of the translation of military texts is relevant, considering the Russian war with Ukraine and the tense political situation in Europe. More and more linguists are investigating this kind of discourse. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of transformations in the translation of English military-political texts at the grammatical and syntactic levels. The object of the research is textual units of English and Ukrainian texts on military and political topics. Military and political articles, books served as the research material. In the course of the study, characteristic grammatical and syntactic features of military-political texts were analyzed. Having analyzed English texts on military and political topics, we conclude that the grammatical level is characterized by the use of transformations, for example, modulation (army artillery – польова артилерія), tracing (avenue of approach), explication or descriptive translation (Air Defense Artillery anti-aircraft artillery), transliteration (NATO), generalization and specification (attack by fire). Regarding the syntactic component, it should be noted that military-political texts are distinguished by the use of simple, impersonal sentences and the use of imperative voice. Keywords: grammatical features; syntactic features; specialized language of military sphere; translation transformations; translation methods; military and political texts.

Kanon historiograficzny w literaturoznawstwie polsko-ukraińskim XVIII–XX wieku

The article investigates the theoretical and practical principles of creating a canon in Polish and Ukrainian historical and literary syntheses in the context of European historiographical traditions. The core criteria of selection of historical and literary material are singled out, and taxonomic tendencies in the histories of literature from the 18th–20th centuries are considered. The main aspects of the canonization of texts in Ukrainian and Polish historiographical corpora are clarified, which are primarily reflected in the formal characteristics, criteria for selecting literary texts, the author’s interpretations, conceptual approaches and the methodological basis. The article articulates the main achievements of literary historians of the 18th–20th centuries, as well as comprehensively defining the methodology for creating a holistic and scientifically sound corpus of the history of Ukrainian and Polish literature.

СТИЛІСТИЧНІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ АНГЛОМОВНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ В СУЧАСНІЙ ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЇ МАЙБУТНІХ ФІЛОЛОГІВ

The article describes the general regularities of artistic text translation, which contain communicative-production and cognitive-interpretive components. The purpose of the article is to justify the stylistic perspectives of the translation of English-language sources in the modern interpretation of future philologists. The research material was authentic English and Ukrainian texts of works of art. The following research methods were used: general scientific hypothetico-deductive method; comparative analysis; analysis and synthesis; free associative experiment; Pearson's correlation analysis (correlation analysis of data) and others. The psycholinguistic analysis of these trends shows that individual translations systematically have deformation patterns that are a consequence of cognitive asymmetry in translations at the stylistic, morphological, and syntactic levels. According to the results of the research, there is confirmation of the relationship between the cognitive style of the translator's personality, respectively, and his degree of verbal creativity, which determines the stylistic representation of the translation of English-language sources in the modern interpretation by future philologists. The target versions of students of lower courses during translation are characterized by cognitive simplification, which leads to the distortion of the cognitive structure of the original source and prevents the alignment of the text according to the original, while the personal transformations of the individual style justify the narrative style of presenting information. On the other hand, the reverse tendency of the prerogative of cognitive complexity prevails among those who have acquired higher education, as a result of the increase in the equivalent of knowledge. Further perspectives on the topic of the research consist in clarifying the interrelationships of the laws of artistic text translation on the materials of other involved speech pairs and text genres.

An 18th Century Ukrainian Parallel to the Baltic Myth of Sovius

The article is devoted to the story of Sovius, which is contained in the Western Ruthenian translation of the 13th century Chronograph by John Malalas. This text of 1261 reflects the Baltic mythological tradition and has long been the subject of academic study. The mythological character Sovius is described as the guide of the dead on the path to Hell. After a series of experiments on himself, he introduces the custom of burning bodies and making sacrifices to the pagan gods. Comparative studies reveal the idea of him as being the first to die, opening the way to the afterlife for the next generation of people and becoming the ruler of this underworld. Apparently the worship of the Baltic deities arose from Sovius’ stories to his son about the experience of dying. He is the common ancestor of the Lithuanians, Yatvyags and Prussians, who practice cremation of the dead. After relating the tale of Sovius, the chronographer condemns the pagan beliefs and customs of the Lithuanian neighbours. Certain elements of this myth have been preserved in the interlude within the Easter drama of the Ukrainian cultural figure and educational writer, the priest-monk Mytrofan Dovgalevsky. However, this Ukrainian text describes a Belarusian. The father dies, his sons resurrect him and in a comical style the father tells his sons what he had to go through in that underworld. This story reflects the popular, semi-pagan perception of Christian images, which according to Dovgalevsky enhances the comic effect.

HUNGARIANISMS IN NORTHERN UKRAINIAN WRITTEN RECORDS OF THE 16–17TH CENTURIES

The subject of the article is Hungarianisms found in the North Ukrainian texts of the 16-17th centuries. The article briefly describes the Ukrainian and Hungarian contacts, the terminology of naming borrowings from the Hungarian language, occasionally considers the history of the study of Hungarianisms in Ukrainian linguistics, focuses on tokens of Hungarian origin.
 The article in particular based on materials of lexicographical works, indicates from which thematic groups the Hungarianisms were borrowed, which lexical and semantic changes they underwent in the analyzed written records, and their further evolution in the Ukrainian language in general and in the North Ukrainian dialect.
 Based on the study, it was established that a small number of words of Hungarian origin functioned in the Northern Ukrainian literary records (we found them), which is explained by the lack of direct contacts, inactive (passive) trade and economic ties, etc. Selected Hungarianisms are presented mainly in two thematic groups: household and military vocabulary.
 The observation of DYL gives grounds to believe that some of the analyzed Hungarianisms came out of the active use of the Ukrainian language, mainly due to the lack of denoted realia, some are used in the Polissya dialect, having undergone lexical and semantic changes.
 Analyzing the lexicographical works, which present materials from the Northern Ukrainian dialect, we can confirm that the borrowed units have changed at the lexical and semantic level.
 For some analyzed words the Hungarian language was a source of borrowing (добошъ, кгермекъ, ка(р)вашъ, газука, макгерка, катанка, шишакъ), for others it was a mediator (бакгазия, доломан, кунтушъ, палашъ, чижми), separate words (га(и)дукъ, шабля) do not have a unanimous opinion among etymologists about their origin. It is most probable that almost all Hungarianisms got into Ukrainian texts written in the Northern Ukrainian territories through the mediation of the Polish language, given the lack of direct contacts.

ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНО-СЕМАНТИЧНА ПРИРОДА КАТЕГОРІЇ КАУЗАТИВНОСТІ

Analytic causative constructions are said to function like extension for simple speech utterances rather than contractions of more complex basic structures. The most beneficial advantage of such approach is that it allows focusing on semantics of causative structures concerning the appropriate context. The article outlines certain theoretical principles that clearly explain the use of causative structures in the English language. Different types of carrying various lexical and grammatical meanings are brought to attention, namely word-forming, lexical and contextual ones. Examples are given in the original language and an adequate translation into Ukrainian is made for a better understanding of the causative structures functioning in speech. It was verified that causative constructions with linking verbs can fall in certain types. The results of a comparative analysis of causative constructions with linking verbs in English and Ukrainian indicate the absence of an unambiguous interpretation of the causative situation itself, since its interpretation is influenced by various internal factors. After analyzing the specificity of structures with causative meaning of English and Ukrainian texts, it was found out that among the linguistic mechanisms ensuring the process of structuring cause-and-effect relationships in them, an important role belongs to causative constructions, which represent the relevant cognitive representations of the one who perceives them.

Principles of Chinese Language Teaching Based on the Material of Chinese-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-Chinese Fiction Translations

The article highlights the combination of translation and didactic areas aimed at the study and substantive application of translated artistic texts in teaching and scientific-theoretical activities, which will help to introduce elements of an innovative approach into the methodology of teaching Chinese in Ukrainian secondary and high schools and universities. Didactic materials of artistic translations from the Chinese language will introduce to pupils, students and everyone who is interested in China, its geography, history, mental traits, culture, way of living and lifestyle of the population. The problem of involving literary translations in the teaching of the Chinese language in Ukrainian linguistic didactics was not considered before. The parallel study of Chinese and Ukrainian artistic texts aims at an in-depth study of the specifics of the translation of Chinese artistic texts into Ukrainian and Ukrainian texts into Chinese. Such a linguistic and cultural approach will contribute to the further development of Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation in the humanitarian, cultural and educational spheres. The task of mastering the skill of translation appears on the agenda in foreign language education.

Selective appropriation in the BBC news translated into Ukrainian and Russian

Drawing on previous research into the translation practices of the BBC, this study conducts a critical analysis of the Ukrainian and Russian versions of three news reports originally published in English on the BBC News website. The news reports are of different relevance to the target audiences and have been selected from a corpus of 60 news reports (20 in each language) to show the most typical strategies used by the Ukrainian and Russian services of the BBC in the translation of news covering politics. The focus of the analysis is on omissions, additions, substitutions and permutations in the target texts in Ukrainian and Russian and their ideological implications. The findings indicate that the Ukrainian versions of news, albeit adapted considerably to the presumed needs of the new target audience, remain ideologically similar to the English source texts, with minor exceptions, while the Russian versions tend to be significantly reframed through omissions and additions and look more ambiguous than the English source texts when the latter portray Russia in an unfavourable light.

Diminutive Contronyms in Ukrainian

In the paper, the phenomenon of diminutive contronymy in the Ukrainian language is investigated. Being a type of polysemy, the contronymy is assumed as a universal semantic category with peculiarities in expressive means and in pragmatic functioning across languages. Contronymy is a defining attribute of diminutives in numerous languages.The present paper highlights the main causes for the occurrence of opposite meanings in the semantic structure of Ukrainian diminutives and reveals the range of potential ‘positive’ / ‘negative’ connotative semes within a single diminutivized word.Axiological ambiguity of the concept ‘smallness’ is considered to be the main cause for the occurrence of diminutive contronymy. The phenomenon of contradictory meanings within the category of diminutiveness is explained first of all by the fact that the notion ‘smallness’ potentially may be regarded with endearment, affection, tenderness, etc., on the one hand, and with disrespect, derogation, depreciation, etc., on the other hand. Other factors of the occurrence of opposite meanings in the semantics of Ukrainian diminutives are determined as well: a) contextual pejorization or meliorization of the meaning of the diminutive, b) euphemization, c) social inconsistency in the assessment of an object marked with a certain diminutive, d) pragmatic goals of the addresser.The text-based analysis has testified that in the Ukrainian language, diminutives with usually positive connotations occasionally may undergo semantic changes depending on the context. Often enough, contextual contronymy of the noun is caused by the adjective.Diminutives denoting unfavourable, difficult, frightful objects and phenomena are considered as contronyms which are culture-specific for the Ukrainian language. In the paper, euphemization is regarded to be the main factor for the emergence of this type of contronyms.Both types of Ukrainian diminutive contronyms (with denotative semantic polarity ‘small’ / ‘large’ and with connotative semantic polarity ‘positive’ / ‘negative’) are analyzed in the work, drawing on Ukrainian literary texts. The pragmatics of diminutive contronymy in the Ukrainian language is outlined as well. The pragmatic use of diminutive contronyms is connected with the expression of positive or negative attitudes, mitigating, irony, sarcasm, etc.The study has manifested that the phenomenon of contronymy in the Ukrainian language is observed not only in the semantics of diminutivized nouns but also in diminutivized adjectives and, consequently, in diminutivized adverbs as well. The contronymy of the diminutivized adjectives and adverbs relates to formal means (simple or cumulated suffixes and reduplication) and is identified as a potential to express both decreasing and increasing in the gradation of quality.

Эволюция графической модели праздничных выпусков газет Советской Украины (1953-1984 гг.)

The article focuses on the issues of the Soviet Ukrainian periodicals Pravda Ukrainy(Kyiv) and Rabochaya gazeta (Kyiv), timed to the most popular Soviet public celebrations: New Year, May Day, and October Revolution Day. The author analyses the graphics of about 180 newspapers of 1953-1984 to determine the approaches to selecting visual elements (front page drawings, caricatures, cartoons and other decorative sketches). The chronology of newspaper images and symbols clearly shows the evolution of key political categories, their relevance, diversity, and interrelation, depending on the regional specificity of the newspaper. The visualization scheme naturally differed for each celebration. For example, the May Day or, especially, October Revolution Day newspaper issues invariably published portraits of Vladimir Lenin, while the political symbolism of New Year holiday referred to the Kremlin towers. In different years, the background that formed the plot of holday illustrations was industry or space exploration, international workers' parade or family life. The repetition of compositional and semantic elements not only emphasized their significance, but, in time, began to indicate the lack of new ideas. Meanwhile, the political satire, represented by foreign policy caricatures, gradually gave way to humorous cartoons related to domestic casual topics. The national specificity of visual symbolism could be found only in some types of visual images, as well as in accompanying texts in Ukrainian.

Black English Vernacula and the Hutsul dialect: a translation approach to phonographic level

The article discusses issues in translating Maria Matios’ novels “Sweet Darusya”, “The Russky Woman”, “Mother Marica, the Wife of Chrystofor Columbus” and Mark Twain’s novels “The adventures of Tom Sawyer” and “The adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, one of the most conspicuous works of the 19th and 21th centuries American and Ukrainian literature, and how the authors dealt with the challenges posed by the specific nature of dialectal locutions on the phonographic level. The main part of the article gives frequent phonographical features of the Black English Vernacula: reduction of the beginning or middle sound in the word, two final consonants reduction, omission of the [r] and [ə] sounds, substitution of the final ng for n, substitution of the fricative [ð] for explosive sound [d], substitution of the negative prefix un- for on-, labialization of the laminodental fricatives [θ] / [f], use of apocopic form, palatalization, omission of unstressed syllables, diphthongization of some stressed vowels [e] → [ei]. There is also a review of the most frequent phonographical features of the Hutsul dialect, namely: substitution of the vowel sound [а] for soft consonant [е], softness of hushing sound [ж], [ч], [ш], substitution of the particle ся for sound [и], depalatalization of [ц] and [с], substitution of soft consonants [т’], [д’] for [к’], [ґ’], consonant alternations of the sounds [ц] ([ч]), [в] ([б]), [н] ([к]), weakening, shortening or disappearance of vowel sounds in unstressed positions, substitution of front row vowels (such as [е] and [і]) for soft consonants. The authors carried out the comparative analysis of the American and Ukrainian texts and their translations to determine the inventory of means employed by the translators to convey unique colloquial manner of expression by the characters including our own version of dialect translation.

ЛЕКСИКО-СТИЛІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНИХ СИНОПТИЧНИХ ТЕКСТІВ У ПОРІВНЯЛЬНОМУ АСПЕКТІ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВ)

The article focuses on the study of lexical and stylistic features of television synoptic texts as one of the most common types of information messages. The purpose of the study is to analyze the connotative vocabulary on the material of meteorological texts in a comparative aspect, namely in modern German and Ukrainian languages. The study defines the features of weather forecast texts at the lexical level; identifies and examines groups of terms used in television meteorological texts; analyzes allomorphic and isomorphic features of stylistically marked vocabulary on the material of German and Ukrainian texts. The research analyzed 12 texts of weather forecasts on TV channels in Germany and Ukraine (6 weather forecasts in each language). It has been proven that the compact volume and informative function of meteorological texts require the use of terminological vocabulary, namely groups of lexemes to indicate different types of precipitation, cloudiness, temperature, and wind characteristics. Terminological vocabulary is easily perceived by the viewer, because it reflects the expected development of weather processes and conditions. The identified common features for synoptic texts are the presence of synonymy in the use of terminological units. Thus, both analyzed languages provide synonym ring for the designation of cloudiness and precipitation, the synonym ring for the designation of air temperature is revealed in German only. the German language. Due to the analysis of the synonym rings both full and semantic synonyms, as well as general language and contextually synonymous units were outlined. The study of synonyms depending on their functioning at different language levels explicated that both lexical and syntactic synonyms are represented in the compared languages, morphological synonyms were found in Ukrainian language as well. Distinctive features of German and Ukrainian meteorological texts are, first of all, the quantitative features of the lexemes used to describe various weather conditions, in particular, windiness and precipitation, as well as more or less branched synonymous series.

Functioning of latinisms in english and ukrainian legal texts

Functioning of latinisms in english and ukrainian legal texts