HUNGARIANISMS IN NORTHERN UKRAINIAN WRITTEN RECORDS OF THE 16–17TH CENTURIES

Abstract

The subject of the article is Hungarianisms found in the North Ukrainian texts of the 16-17th centuries. The article briefly describes the Ukrainian and Hungarian contacts, the terminology of naming borrowings from the Hungarian language, occasionally considers the history of the study of Hungarianisms in Ukrainian linguistics, focuses on tokens of Hungarian origin.
 The article in particular based on materials of lexicographical works, indicates from which thematic groups the Hungarianisms were borrowed, which lexical and semantic changes they underwent in the analyzed written records, and their further evolution in the Ukrainian language in general and in the North Ukrainian dialect.
 Based on the study, it was established that a small number of words of Hungarian origin functioned in the Northern Ukrainian literary records (we found them), which is explained by the lack of direct contacts, inactive (passive) trade and economic ties, etc. Selected Hungarianisms are presented mainly in two thematic groups: household and military vocabulary.
 The observation of DYL gives grounds to believe that some of the analyzed Hungarianisms came out of the active use of the Ukrainian language, mainly due to the lack of denoted realia, some are used in the Polissya dialect, having undergone lexical and semantic changes.
 Analyzing the lexicographical works, which present materials from the Northern Ukrainian dialect, we can confirm that the borrowed units have changed at the lexical and semantic level.
 For some analyzed words the Hungarian language was a source of borrowing (добошъ, кгермекъ, ка(р)вашъ, газука, макгерка, катанка, шишакъ), for others it was a mediator (бакгазия, доломан, кунтушъ, палашъ, чижми), separate words (га(и)дукъ, шабля) do not have a unanimous opinion among etymologists about their origin. It is most probable that almost all Hungarianisms got into Ukrainian texts written in the Northern Ukrainian territories through the mediation of the Polish language, given the lack of direct contacts.