Borrowings from Romance Languages in the Northern Ukrainian Monuments of the XVI– XVII Centuries

Abstract

Borrowing is one of the most productive ways of expanding the vocabulary of any language. These questions are devoted to individual monographs, dissertations, articles and works indirectly touching the problem. However, today there is a need for a dictionary of borrowed vocabulary, the development of a unified methodology for the study of borrowed tokens, the detection and establishment of a real percentage of the borrowings in the Ukrainian language at different periods.
 Different ways of the descriptive method have been used, by means of observations tokens of foreign origin have been discovered, with the help of methods of generalization and classification. In the article selected borrowings are distributed according to thematic groups and the interpretation of observation results is also used. We also used applying techniques of comparable and comparative-historical method.
 The material that was analyzed by us has shown that borrowings from the Romance languages in the old Ukrainian monuments of business style, written in Polissya, in comparison with the Polonisms, Latins, Germanisms are not so many. The content of the thematic groups is limited, first of all, it is a household vocabulary (the names of fabrics and articles of them, ornaments, singly shoes), military vocabulary (the names of weapons), sporadically the names of food and drinks (wine). Borrowings from these languages are represented by a specific vocabulary, which testifies to the fact that they penetrated together with the reality that was designated. On the basis of lexicographic sources, it was established that these terms appeared mainly through the intermediation of other languages.
 Having fallen into the old Ukrainian language, adapted romanisms were subjected to the same processes as the specific vocabulary, in particular the active words used to be expanded, the narrowing of semantics; after the disappearance of reality, went to the periphery (archaic), part with certain semantic changes is now preserved in the north-Ukrainian dialect.