Ukrainian Texts Research Articles

The Cinema in Vasyl Herasymiuk’s Poetry

In the poems of Vasyl Herasymiuk, one of the most notable creators of the “Carpathian text” in Ukrainian literature, the interaction of different arts is analyzed. In his poetry and interviews Vasyl Herasymiuk frequently mentions cinema as one of the most important ways of reality comprehension for him. The article explores the role of the cinematography in Vasyl Herasymiuk’s poetry. In particular, I trace the features of cinematic approaches appliance (especially, this article concerns the specific way in which Herasymiuk constructs the composition of the book “The Poet in the Air”). The citations of cinema classics are analyzed (in particular, “Ukrainian poetry cinema”, as well as “Auteur cinematography” of his time (Michelangelo Antonioni, Luchino Visconti, Akira Kurosawa, Federico Fellini, Ingmar Bergman). The significance of Ivan Mykolaichuk figure in the Herasymiuk’s texts is discovered (including the influence of the Mykolaichuk’s death on the basic individual concept of Herasymiuk’s work – “August in Old Style”). The influence of “Ukrainian poetic cinema”, particularly the movie “The Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors”, on the formation of poet’s “Carpathian text” is analyzed. This pattern is demonstrated on the example of the revolution in the thinking of Herasymiuk’s time, as well as on the presentation of the “Ukrainian text” through the “Carpathian text”. In addition, article examines how Herasymiuk designs the Ukrainian history of the 20th century, including the history of his family, as well as his own biography, using the cinema as the instrument of analysis. The role of Herasymiuk’s personal experience in film production is explored as well. In general, the article presents the cinematic correlation with Herasymiuk’s artistic structures.

Метод розрахунку когерентності українського тексту

Due to the growing role of the SEO technologies, it is necessary to perform an automated analysis of the article’s quality. Such an approach helps both to return the most intelligible pages for the user’s query and to raise the web-sites positions to the top of query results. An automated assessment of a cohe-rence is a part of the complex analysis of the text. In this article, main methods for text coherence measurements for Ukrainian languageare analyzed. Expediency of using the semantic similarity graph method in comparison with other methods is explained. It is suggested the improvement of that method by the pre-training of the neural network for vector representations of sentences. Experimental examination of the original method and its modifications is made. Training and examination procedures are made on the corpus of Ukrainian texts, which were previously retrieved from abstracts and full texts of Ukrainian scientific articles. The testing procedure is implemented by performing of two typical tasks for the text coherence assessment: document discrimination task and insertion task. Accordingly to the analysis it is defined the most effective combination of method’s modification and its parameter for the measurement of the text coherence.

ЛІТЕРАТУРНІ ТВОРИ XVII – ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ XІХ СТ. ЯК ЧИННИК ФОРМУВАННЯ НОВІТНЬОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ

The article focuses on the necessity of studying the cultural representation of the Ukrainian language as a form of cultural existence, at certain stages of its development. Despite the work carried out by scholars from various fields of knowledge on the study of the Ukrainian literary language, a comprehensive cultural study of the contribution of writing to the formation of the Ukrainian literary language in the XVII – first half of the nineteenth century. absent It is noted that till nowadays a few old works of art written in Ukrainian have been preserved, mainly because of their handwritten character. Early Ukrainian texts are works of red writing, among them there is no prose text of business, journalistic, religious, scientific or philosophical nature. A clear testimony to the creation of a new Ukrainian literature is the work of the writers of the first half of the XIX century, who created the literature, the basis of which was the national language.

Prefixal Innovations as a Mean of Psychological Impact on Consciousness Ofrecipient

The article characterizes structural and derivation features of innovations, which have enriched language system during the beg inning of the XXI century and are presented in Ukrainian media text. It is emphasized on the importance of interaction between external factors and language dynamic, the advantage of studying of prefixal innovations, taking into account the text environment, functional-stylistic, and psycholinguistic specifications was grounded. It was mentioned, that most of the innovations have negative emotional-expressive evaluation. They include derivatives with prefixal morphemes псевдо-, квазі-, лже-, it was indicated the part-language accessory of these lexemes, their thematic grouping was proposed. It was found out the using conditions and manipulating potential of language units with prefix недо-. It was also analyzed emotional-expressive coloration and pragmatic direction of innovations with formant пост-. Used in the press, prefixal morphemes анти-, гіпер- are consider edas components with double function, since they can mark both negative and positive features due to the con text. Functional-psycholinguistic analysis has caused the differentiation of small group of lexemes with prefixes де-, контр-, which also have evaluating connotations, however un like mention edabove un its, are greatly specialized on explication of positive emotional-evaluating influence on the recipient. Different writing of analyzed innovations has caused the abusing of problem of their standardized forming. In that case a specific dichotomy appears: from one side used in publicism words of mentioned sample shall comply with current norms of “Ukrainian orthography”, and from another – lexemes, formed with some orthographic faults, partly exacerbate the psychological impact on the recipient. It was madea conclusion, that in modern Ukrainian media-publicism, derivates, created with the help of prefixes, form one of the biggest group of secondary nominations, which, helping to reveal the main idea of the report, in the same time give it the emotional-expressive evaluation.

Функційно-семантичні і структурні характеристики прислівникових часових індикаторів співвіднесення події з установленим моментом (на матеріалі українських, італійських та англійських публіцистичних текстів)

Функційно-семантичні і структурні характеристики прислівникових часових індикаторів співвіднесення події з установленим моментом (на матеріалі українських, італійських та англійських публіцистичних текстів)

Development of the linguometric method for automatic identification of the author of text content based on statistical analysis of language diversity coefficients

We have developed the linguometric method for algorithmic support of content monitoring processes to solve the problem of the automatic identification of the author of the Ukrainian text content based on the technology of statistical analysis of the language diversity coefficients. The decomposition of the method for identification of the author based on the analysis of such speech factors as lexical diversity, degree (measure) of syntactic complexity, speech coherence, indexes of exclusivity and concentration of a text was performed. Such parameters of the author’s style as the number of words in the specified text, the total number of words in this text, the number of sentences, the number of prepositions, the number of conjunctions, the number of words with the frequency of 1, the number of words with the frequency of 10 and more were analyzed. The features of the developed methods are the adaptation of the morphological and syntactic analysis of lexical units to the peculiarities of the structures of Ukrainian words/texts. That is, when analyzing linguistic units of the word type, their belonging to a part of speech and declension within this part of speech was taken into account. For this, the flections of these words for their classification, separation of the base for the formation of the corresponding alphabetic-frequency dictionaries were analyzed. Filling these dictionaries was subsequently taken into consideration at the following stages of the identification of the authorship of a text, such as the calculation of parameters and coefficients of the author's speech. Syntactic words (stop or anchor) words are most essential for an individual style of an author, as they are not related to the subject and content of the publication. We compared the results in a set of 200 one-author papers in the technical area of more than 100 different authors over the period of 2001–2017 to determine if and how the coefficients of diversity of a text of these authors change within different periods of time. It was found that for the selected experimental base of more than 200 papers, the best results according to the density criterion are reached by the method for analysis of an article without the initial compulsory information, such as abstracts and keywords in different languages, as well as the list of literature.

INACCURACIES IN THE WEBSITES TRANSLATION

The thesis sets out to make essence of the notion of “translator’s mistake”, as the problem of investigation of translator’s mistake remains still open. This deals not only with different views on the given mistakes, but also of great quantity of factors, which influence its decision. The paper interprets the concept of professionally oriented translation taken from websites of the Paralympic Movement and Cook County. The paper was structured as follows: first, we depicted the main problems of professional language encountered in the website context; second, we provided a categorization of mistakes together with real examples taken from translated texts in Ukrainian. On the basis of the presented classifications of mistakes and through experimental research it ascertains the typology of translator’s mistakes classifying mistakes into lexical and grammatical. Analysis of the professional language shows that translators made a great amount of mistakes that means that most of translators in the sport and policy domain are not skilled translators. Customers usually order translations to non-professionals, sometimes with a limited knowledge of the target language and no specific training in translation or domain-specific languages, who accept low fees and produce quick translations. Therefore, they do not usually produce good quality translations neither they fulfill the requirements regarding translation competences. This problem gets particular character when we talk about web site specialized translations, in which the main aim is to guarantee e.g. effective and clear communication between local people and public authorities. While making investigations it was determined that there are grammatical errors which are associated with levels of competence, as 1) The Larger Number Of First And Second Person Pronouns (10%); 2) Incorrect Verb Tense Use (17%); 3) Passive voice use (21%), 4) Incorrect Noun Pluralization/Singularization; 5) Active Participle Use (31%); 6) Predicate-Subject Mismatches (12 %) and Lexical errors, as 1) Information Distortion (15%); 2) Incorrect Abbreviation Translation (38%); 3) Inconsistency In The Terms (28%); 4) Spelling\Conceptual Mistakes (19%). Consequently, translation of sport and policy texts should be carried out by professional skilled translators, as any other specialized translation, to avoid common mistakes encountered in these kinds of texts and to guarantee successful results.

Hyperconcept CONVERT TO CHRISTIANITY Reconstruction in English, German and Ukrainian Texts of Religious Popular Discourse

The article covered the hyperconcept CONVERT TO CHRISTIANITY reconstruction in English, German, Ukrainian informative and agitational texts of religious popular discourse. This mental construction has been established through the profiling of Biblical quotations transposed in the religious popular discourse texts of informative (identified four types) and agitational character (identified nine types) according to the mechanisms of Biblical knowledge metaphorization. It has been proven that the informative texts sense implicitly stimulates the recipient to have inner mindset about own life (without a mediator). The agitational texts have the same elements and constructions, but are open-ended or have a rhetorical questions stimulating the recipient to contact the religious organization (the mediator).The kernel of this hyperconcept presents the concept RIGHTEOUS LIFE with subordinated concepts FOLLOWING CHRIST, BEING NOT INDIFFERENT, REPENT, PURIFICATION, REQUEST (ASK), STRENGTH FORMING, GRATITUDE (THANK), that form dominant or optional senses in informative and agitational texts of religious popular discourse representing figurative and evaluative hyperconcept zone. In English and German Religious Magazine texts and Religious Calendar Guides the metaphoric concept STRENGTH FORMING dominates, whereas in the Ukrainian variants – the concept REQUEST; in the International Religious Festival Booklet – the concept FOLLOWING CHRIST, in the texts of Religious Synod Meeting Booklet – the concept BEING NOT INDIFFERENT – in English, German and Ukrainian languages. In agitational texts the dominant metaphoric senses are not revealed. Nevertheless, English text environment provides more concise representation of every sense (reflecting author’s individuality) or hierarchical fusion of different variant senses, German – determined conception with highly represented author-text-creator, Ukrainian – national symbols priority with mercy, ask or call to unite verbal depiction.

Home reading as an integral part of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language

Active position of students in the process of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language is the most important condition for improving the quality of language training. It develops creative potential, supports the formation of understandable, responsible attitude to educational activities. The purpose of our scientific research is to demonstrate the leading role of home reading in the aspect teaching of Ukrainian as a foreign language for the improvement of students-speakers orallanguage practices. The set goal covers the solving of such problems: to study home reading as an independent form of linguistic activity and as a means of developing the speaking skills in the Ukrainian language;determine the criteria for choosing texts for home reading; clarify how to teach students to work with text. The scientific novelty of the article is that we consider home reading not as a goal, but as a means of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language, designed to diversify and enhance the efficiency of classical academic activities. Independent reading of texts in Ukrainian should become an integral part of the learning process available to foreign students, especially at the not-incipient stage. The high school students are involved to home-reading in a foreign language as a real language activity. Students not only comprehend new ways and means of expressing thoughts, but also new cultural realities for texts. Research methods. The descriptive method, synthesis and generalization of scientific knowledge, grammar-translation method of studying foreign languages are used in this work. Conclusions. Reading is one of the sources of linguistic andsocio-cultural information in the process of teaching a foreign language. Reading original literature in a foreign language introduces the culture of the country, promotes the development of communicative skills and analytical thinking. Student faces live language, enriches his vocabulary, improves the skills of spoken language. Home-reading is also aimed at training a habit of independent work in a foreign language studying.

АГАТ-словники як компонент автоматичного опрацювання змісту українськомовного тексту

АГАТ-словники як компонент автоматичного опрацювання змісту українськомовного тексту

АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ЗАСОБАМИ ЕВФЕМІЗАЦІЇ В ЮРИДИЧНИХ ТЕКСТАХ

The paper focuses on the analysis of the euphemistic process in Ukrainian legal discourse. It is generally known that the reader is already accustomed to actively using euphemisms in political speeches, speeches by politicians and officials, where they become a part of manipulative tactics. The use of euphemisms in such texts is also relevant, since the specifics of its communication are excessive courtesy, mitigation of statements, and excessiveness of etiquette formulas. Moreover, the specificity of public broadcasting requires figurativeness, which is reflected both in the mitigation of the expression and in the deliberate exaggeration, roughness, that called dysphemization. The article aims to explore the euphemistic mechanisms in Ukrainian legal texts. To solve this problem this paper presents different approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of euphemism. The materials for the study were chosen texts of annual reports of Kyiv city state administration for 2015-2017 years and Strategy of Kyiv development till 2025. This material allows us to investigate the functions of euphemistic means in the texts of official legal documents, which the main implicit function is the ideological impact on citizens. Focusing on positive achievements in the report, at the same time, it is necessary to reflect the existing actual state of affairs. Euphemisms allow speaker to do, as much as possible, soften the statement, conceal the negative effects of action. However, traditionally hidden things such as social inequality, poverty, illness, age restrictions etc. are veiled. It will be shown that this is obligatory and typical characteristic of political discourse. The author points out the motivation of creating euphemisms in the political discourse and communicative potential of euphemistic units. In particular, the following approaches are mentioned in the studies of the motivation of the creation of euphemisms: euphemism as part of the demobilization strategy and euphemism as a component of the method of emotional contamination, that is, the suggestive verbal technique used to create the mood desired by the audience. The author examines in detail various ways of euphemistic mechanisms due to its linguistic peculiarities, such as euphemisms as metaphorical nominations, euphemism-terms, euphemisms with a negative epithet, syntactic euphemistic substitutions, as well as a specific information delivery structure known as contrast-based manipulation and generalization.

A JOURNEY TO (OWN) MEMORY: LVIV BETWEEN AND DURING WORLD WAR II IN CONTEMPORARY TEXT (BASED ON NOVELS "THE MUSEUM OF ABANDONED SECRETS" BY OKSANA ZABUZHKO AND "TANGO OF DEATH" BY YURII VYNNYCHUK)

In the article basing on theoretical framework of memory studies, two historical novels written by modern Ukrainian authors have been analyzed. The main references to the interwar Lviv and Lviv during the war in works are singled out and the importance of inclusion and comprehension of places of those two periods in modern Ukrainian text is indicated. The main strategies of returning to memory of interwar Lviv and its inhabitants are analyzed. The traumatized memory and ways of talking about the 20th century cultural traumas were analyzed in the 21st century novel, those traumas, which for more than a half of century were surrounded by curtain of fear, censorship and inability to speak openly about it. Attention is drawn to the names of streets are obtaining features of memory prosthesis and becomes an access memory tool. The author concludes that the novel, which had the opportunity to take a fresh look at the traumatic pages of the past, remains in the shadow of stereotypes and silence. The abilities of literature in memory studies is analyzed and are noted that literature can be both as a tool of memory and as an object of memory studies. Keywords memory, Lviv, Oksana Zabuzhko, Yurii Vynnychuk, Museum of abandoned secrets, Tango of Death, trauma, war, interwar period.

The Concept of Post-Non-Classic al Methodological Strategy by Professor Olexander Oguy

The article under discussion is a survey of how a literary concept of a prominent Ukrainian German Studies expert Olexandr Dmytrovych Oguy has been developing on the pages of a scientific journal “Problems of Literary Criticism” from 1993 till 2013. The article traces up the stages of progress of scientist’s methodological strategy concerning the so-called concept of post-non-classicism, beginning with his first article in “The Issues”, where he presented an efficient sample of involving the timeless linguistic universals with the purpose of comparing the typologically similar genre forms. In this way, he managed to prove the authenticity of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” in historical-typological comparison with the medieval epic works (Issue 1, 1993). After a 15-year break, O. Oguy’s articles “A Three-Dimensional Poetic Space of ‘Lanzelet’ by Ulrich von Zatzikhoven” (review, 2010), “The Historical-Social Genres in Post-Non-Classical Methodology: the Principles of Classification” (2012), “The Principles of Formation of the Middle Age German Literature: Overcoming the Crisis Stages through New Genres” (2013) were published in the journal. Each of these works contains a distinct conceptual program. The review was not restricted by a mere critical analysis of the work by a German researcher Kai Lorenz. It also highlighted the difference between methodological fundamentals of European and Ukrainian scientific text analyses – “different paradigms of foreign and Ukrainian Medievalist Studies”. This scientific text is a topical “transplantation” of analytic methodology of K. Lorenz into Ukrainian philological practice. It was introduced into scientific circulation as the so-called “trichotomic model” of functional types of the interacting spatial structures. The article “The Historical-Social Genres in Post-Non-Classical Methodology: the Principles of Classification” (Issue 86, 2012) is a vivid example of a profound present-day academic research. It is worth reading for everyone, who deals with literary genres. The scientist made up his mind to tackle the problem of genres due to the ambiguity of the criteria that existed in Post-Soviet Literary Studies. He activated the notion of “synergic approach”, which enabled him to rethink drastically the whole genre system in the Middle Age literature. O. D. Oguy’s last and largest article “The Principles of Formation of the Middle Age German Literature: Overcoming the Crisis Stages through New Genres” appeared in “Problems of Literary Criticism” in 2013 (Issue 88). It impresses the reader with a broad scope application of diachronic principle in a research space, as well as with the methodology of scientific discourse (the so-called “content analysis”, which presupposes the effect of social factors in investigating the cultural phenomena). The comparison of literary artefacts with the events in European history has enabled O. Oguy to determine and classify eight crisis stages (including the prehistory). The latter had been accompanying the formation of the German nation from the early Christian days and the Great Relocation of Peoples till the end of the Middle Ages, as well as had exercised a direct influence on the changes in the literary process.

Features of tagging Ukrainian corpora by the example of technical documentation

The article deals with the features of tagging Ukrainian corpora. Representing instructions for technical documentation, the corpus of Ukrainian texts is created. The main principles and means of morphology in the Ukrainian language are determined for further tagging. The system of tags is developed to formalize morphological information. Based on the procedural method of morphological analysis, the algorithm for tagging nouns in the Ukrainian language is described. The implementation of the proposed method of automatic tagging is developed. This result allows receiving examples of the use of both specific word forms and words in all their grammatical forms from the technical documentation corpus

Automatic Morphemic Analysis in the Corpus of the Ukrainian Language: Results and Prospects

Abstract The article describes theoretical issues, principles of constructing and functioning of the Automated System of Morphemic and Derivational Analysis (ASMDA). The ASMDA system performs the following functions: 1) information system; 2) automatic morphemic annotation of text; 3) automatic linguistic constructor for frequency dictionaries. Description of the use of ASMDA as an automatic morphemic analyser of Ukrainian texts’ lexicon is in the centre of attention; this article also describes structure as well as search and classification options of electronic morphemic dictionaries presented in linguistic research system of the Corpus of the Ukrainian language.

TRAINING TRANSLATORS: FROM GENERAL REQUIREMENTS TO PARTICULAR APPROACHES

This article deals with some aspects of teaching translation. This question has not received much attention not only in Ukraine, but in Translation Studies as a whole. The present study illustrates how linguistic and cultural divergences between source and target texts complicate the process of translation. The paper also investigates the concept of translator’s competence and emphasises the main professional skills of a good translator. The author analyses the most evident challenges of translation process, which are likely to provide a small clue for better teaching translation and provides some references to didactic approaches of the translation process, suggested by different authors. The article is composed of four main parts. The first part regards to the representation of the role of translator nowadays, as well as the complexity of the translation process. The second part briefly examines some translation difficulties, caused by linguistic and cultural differences between source and target texts. Linguistic and cultural divergences between French and Ukrainian texts are studied on the material of translation into Ukrainian “ In search of a lost time” by M. Proust. The third part is a brief overview of translator’s competence. The article states that translator’s competence consists of different sub-competences, namely: linguistic, extra-linguistic, translation sub-competence and psycho-physiological one. The fourth part focuses on some approaches to translators’ training. Methods and activities recommended by professionals engaged in the education of future translators are described.

Development of a method for the recognition of author’s style in the Ukrainian language texts based on linguometry, stylemetry and glottochronology

We solved the problem of development of algorithmic software for processes of content monitoring for solving the problem of recognition of the style of an author of a Ukrainian text based on Web Mining and NLP technology. Decomposition of the method for recognition of the style of an author, based of analysis of the found stop words, was carried out. Specific features of the method include adaptation of morphological and syntactic analysis of lexical units to structural peculiarities of words/ texts in Ukrainian. It is syntactic words (stop words or anchor words) that are significant for an author’s individual style, as they are not related to the theme and content of the publication. Recognition of the author's style is based on analysis of coefficients of lexical author’s language: coherence of speech, lexical diversity, syntactic complexity indices of concentration and exclusivity for the author's fragment. They are used for subsequent comparison and determining of a degree of belonging of the analyzed text to a particular author. We studied internal dynamics of a text of randomly selected authors through analysis of coefficients of lexical author’s language for the first k, n and m (without the title) words of the author's fragment and the analyzed one. The obtained results were compared. We obtained results of experimental testing of the proposed method for content-monitoring for determining and analysis of stop words in Ukrainian scientific texts of technical area based on Web Mining technology. It was found that for the selected experimental base that contains 100 works, the method for analysis of an article without compulsory initial information and list of references attains the best results by density criterion. It is achieved through learning of the system and by checking specified blocked words and specified thematic vocabulary. Testing of the proposed method for determining of keywords from other categories of texts – of scientific humanitarian area, belles-lettres, journalistic, etc. – requires subsequent experimental research.

ALGORITHM OF SYNTACTIC IDIOMS RECOGNITION IN THE CORPUS OF TEXTS (FOR FOUR WORDS IN THE SEQUENCE)

In the article it is made an attempt to constructthe syntactic idioms recognition algorithm for four wordstext sequence. Based on the results of previous theoretical studies we highlighted formal and statistical criteriathat enable to distinguish syntactic idioms fromother language units in the corpus of Ukrainian language texts.

Metaphors representing cratological ideas of time in Ukrainian poetic texts of the 20th century

Metaphors representing cratological ideas of time in Ukrainian poetic texts of the 20th century

Part-of-Speech Sequences in Literary Text: Evidence From Ukrainian

We study the distribution of parts-of-speech sequences in Ukrainian texts by Ivan Franko. The defined units demonstrate frequency behaviour resembling to a significant extent that of ordinary words, therefore, we refer to them as ‘part-of-speech words’ (PoSW). It is shown that Zipf’s law holds for them, with an exponent changed for ranks in the domain near the h-point. Lengths of these units are modelled using discrete and continuous distributions. For frequency spectra of PoSWs, a continuous model based on the non-additive modifications of ordinary exponentials is applied together with two discrete distributions. All the proposed models yield a good fit with the determination coefficients R2 > 0.99. We expect that further studies of the proposed PoSW units both in Ukrainian and other languages can reveal new features of texts on the sentence and supra-sentence levels.