Ukrainian Respondents Research Articles

УКРАЇНСЬКА МАРСЕЛЬЄЗА ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА

The article is devoted to the analysis of dіfferent translations of Taras Shevchenko "Testament" and National French Himn Marseillaise. Two value systems and specific psycholects of nostalgia, aggression, peace are examined. The aim of the article is to define the main psycholects in Taras Shevchenco poems, particularly in "Testament". In result of the comparison methods of several translations of "Testament" we have obtained three important psycholect of nostalgia, aggression and peace. All spheres use the concept of "love" and "mother country". The first and the second quatrains of "Testament" contain the invincible, calm, tranquil grandeur and beauty of the peace-loving country. Both quatrains are based on the psycholect nostalgia. The third and the fourth quatrains are the most discussed but they impresse everybody with their optimism, future of Ukraine, belief, victory, liberty. In the fifth quatrain the poet calls Ukrainians to revolt and to win the liberty. The psycholect of this quatrain ensures the riot and the victory. This is the psycholect of aggression. The sixth quatrain describes the future of Ukraine. The poet asks to recollect him in the new society, in the new, big and free family. The psycholect of peas ensures the ideal calm in the society of free people. The conceptosphere of the first and the second quatrains of "Testament" is founded on nostalgia's concept "Love" and "Mother country". Lexical means, grammatical structure of phrases, phonetic phenomenos and prosody provide with intellectual, logical and emotional expression of feelings in the poet's psycholect who was sick and took leave of the life and said good-bye to the Ukrainian people. Concepts of the third and the fourth quatrains are God and Liberty. Marseillaise has the same idea of the fight and the victory. The fifth quatrain follow the main concept of the struggle. Slogans of this quatrain coincide with appeals of Marseillaise: bury, rise, tear asunder chains, stain the freedom with blood. The image of enemy's blood on "Testament" corresponds to impure blood of Marseillaise. The interrogatory of students and teachers witnesses the main concept of "Testament" (95 per cent). This is "Freedom". The second concept is "Religion" (God. Pray) – 86 per cent. The third concept is "Motherland" – (toponyms: Ukraine, Dnipro) – 80 %. Strangers consider the main idea of "Testament" in the last quatrain. Ukrainian respondents consider more important adjectives about Family: free (45 per cent), new (41 per cent), big (14 per cent). Important lines of Testament are the following: Tear chairs – 23 per cent. Bury and revolt – 19 per cent. Don't forget to speak well – 19 per cent. Pray – 15 per cent. Enemy's wicked blood – 5 per cent. Testament of Taras Shevchenko is just the second national himn of Ukraine or Ukrainian Marseillaise. It is constructed on three psycholects: nostalgia, aggression and peace. The general harmony of this poem is attained by well–balance between aggression and peace. Keywords:psycholect; nostalgia; aggression; peace; concept.

APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS INSIGHTS TO INCREASE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC AWARENESS OF COVID-19

The aim: To determine the level of public awareness of COVID-19 and information needs, as well as level of public confidence in both official information on COVID-19 and to develop recommendations for communication policy on longer-term awareness in pandemic settings COVID-19, using principles of behavioral economics. Materials and methods: 4 focus group interviews were conducted in residents of Ukraine, with a total quantity of 48 people aged 16-70 years questioned and an anonymous questionnaire was conducted in 1,700 respondents, representing the adult population aged 18 years and older from all over Ukraine. The representative error of the study with probability of 0.95 does not exceed 4%. The processing of questionnaires was carried out by SDU Center of Social Researches (SDUCSR) employees, using the OSA program. Results: 28.5% of respondents believe that politicians and media underestimate the danger of the COVID-19 epidemic, while other 28.1% believe that politicians and media adequately assess its danger. 18.9% of respondents are sure that the danger is exaggerated. As much as 24.5% of Ukrainian respondents could not decide on such assessment. The most common sources of information about disease/treatment are Internet and social media. Traditional media and relatives/acquaints who endured the COVID-19 also gain population`s confidence. A family doctor is the least popular source of information. 42.1% of respondents do not trust official information on the number of infected people and severity of the disease, and another 40% are not sure whether they should trust or not. Only 17.9% of respondents trust official information. Conclusions: Within informing the society about public health in conditions of a COVID-19 pandemic it is better to provide communication strategy for various target audiences: for youth which is inclined to underestimate threats of epidemic and obtains information on social networks; for people of a retirement age (as risk group) who lack information because they use only traditional media (mainly TV); for women who need psychological support to decrease in level of stress in the family more often and also to overcome the negative post-stressful situations (connected with the death of the family/relatives); for men who are inclined to neglect their own health, etc.; for the people who have endured COVID-19 to prevent possible reinfection in them.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ УКРАИНЦЕВ-ПРОТЕСТАНТОВ УРАЛЬСКОГО РЕГИОНА

This article examines the factors related to the formation of the religious identity among Ukrainian Protestants entering Protestant religious organizations in some regions of the South, Middle and Polar Urals: impact of other people or their own existential quest, as well as the religious identity of the respondents before they adopted Protestantism. More than sixty percent of Ukrainian Protestants were born outside of Russia; they are the most "foreign" in origin ethno-religious group among the Protestants of the Urals. Data on them are compared to similar evidence in the general sample. The greater role of family continuity in religious choice than among Russian Protestants, and also the greater percentage of former representatives of "other" or "non-traditional" religions among Ukrainian Protestant are explained by the historically more substantial presence of Protestantism in Ukraine and diversity of its religious field. Before acquiring the Protestant identity under the influence of their parents, Ukrainian respondents manage to gain experience of an atheistic or other religious worldview, which fact testifies to their conscious existential quest.

Research on Cross-Domain Study Curricula in Cyber-Physical Systems: A Case Study of Belarusian and Ukrainian Universities

The increasing importance of continuingly complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) challenges and encourages universities worldwide to organize up-to-date CPS oriented educational programs. The Erasmus+ project “CybPhys” aims to support CPS oriented educational programs in Belarus and Ukraine. We put forward a hypothesis that the educational situation, training opportunities, situation of the labor market, and general economic development are related to each other and can vary depending on the region. In order to validate our hypothesis and to provide input to curricula modernizations, an in-depth study in the form of surveys was conducted in the years 2019–2020. The results of the study showed that the differences between the perceptions of stakeholders in different regions of one country were more significant than the deviations between the global evaluation marks obtained from Belarusian and Ukrainian respondents. In order to increase the synergy of the CybPhys partners, the transdisciplinary and T-shape skills approaches are introduced to the education programs of the partner’s universities. An innovative ICT based teaching and learning environment and associated teaching methodologies will be developed. The research provides valuable input to the development of industry and research-oriented cross-domain study programs in Cyber-Physical Systems focused on the needs of Belarusian and Ukrainian industries.

Effectiveness, Risks and Prospects of Legal Regulation and Practical Functioning of Electronic Visas in Saudi Arabia and Ukraine

The Electronic visa legislative regulation is one of the highest priorities in the country's migration, security and visa policies. The purpose of this study is to compare the legal aspects of visa policy making in the process of issuing electronic visas in Ukraine and in Saudi Arabia, and to identify the distinctive and common features of this type of visa, legislative features, practical aspects, taking into account the specific national legislation of these countries; elicit the disadvantages and perspectives of e-visa. Over a period of 3 months, about 100 Saudi and 20 Ukrainian respondents were interviewed to identify the pros and cons of existing e-visa regulations in both countries. As a results of the research, the hypothesis put forward regarding the fact that in the next 5-10 years, e-visas will almost completely replace the visa application for obtaining short-term visas through diplomatic institutions. It was established that this required the creation of a more simplified and faster way to obtain an e-visa, while not losing ground in matters of state security and migration. As a result of comparison it has been established that service of electronic visas in Ukraine was launched one and a half years earlier than in Saudi Arabia, which enabled her to secure more completely the situation and take into account the nuances of the legislative level; the amount of the visa fee for applying for an electronic visa established by Ukraine and Saudi Arabia is acceptable for most applicants, although in comparison with a visa-free or one-time electronic authorization fee for several years, these amounts are large.

Ego States and the Image of God in Personal Prayer: Psycholinguistic Analysis

Introduction. The results of theoretical substantiation and empirical study of personal prayer in the context of an interdisciplinary approach, which combines, on the one hand, the basic ideas and positions of the theory of transactional analysis and Ego states according to E. Bern, on the other hand, the ideas and techniques of modern psycholinguistics are describes and interprets in the article. It is substantiated that such an approach makes it possible to constructively supplement the basic metaphysical, spiritual, theological understanding of prayer with its full-fledged scientific analysis.
 Methods & Techniques. The sample of Ukrainian respondents of different ages and social status, self-identified as «Christians», according to the «Techniques of Studying Religious Activity» (D. Smirnov), is divided into four subgroups: the lowest, the lowest than the average, the highest than the average and the highest level of religious activity. Each was offered two related tasks («My Prayer» and «God’s Answer») with special instructions, after which the texts of personalized prayers as discourses of two «Ego states» were received and analyzed. In the context of the psycholinguistic direction of the study, the method of predicative text analysis was used (А. Leontiev, T. Dridze, N. Zhinkin). For the sake of clarification, the qualitative data was supplemented by a quantitative content analysis method using the «Textanz» computer software (version 2.4.2.0). And the results were summarized and compared in the context of four previously separated subgroups of respondents.
 Results. It is theoretically substantiated that prayer as a religious discourse should be considered not only in the context of broad social cognition and interaction, but also as a component of self-knowledge, self-understanding, self-construction of Personality. It has been empirically established that in the process of personal prayer as a reference to God with certain requests, thanksgiving, repentance and praise, the harmonious communicative transaction «Child»/«Father» is most often implicated (31.45% persons). So, for almost a third of the surveyed God, God is definitely a loving Father. However, disharmonious, conflicting transactions of various types – «Child» / «Parent», «Child» / «Adult», «Adult» / «Adult», are found quite frequently (approximately 40% persons).
 Conclusions. The results are viewed as one of the consequences and manifestations of the current crisis of the whole society, when, in the context of chronic and global distrust of any authority, centuries-old sacral values are also partially negated, and God begins to be perceived as an indifferent «Father» or an too liberal «Head».

Асоціативне поле слова як полілінгвальна структура (на матеріалі асоціативного експерименту з українською суспільно-політичною лексикою)

The article deals with the analysis of the associative fields of the Ukrainian social and political lexis in the aspect of the language of the reactions. It is written on the basis of the mass free associative experiment conducted with Ukrainian respondents aged 18 – 22. The experiment was organized in Ukraine in 2013-2016. It involved more than 1000 respondents living in 12 regions of Ukraine (eastern, western, southern and northern parts of the country); the stimuli list contained 100 lexical units. More than 33 000 reactions were analyzed with the help of the special computer programme STIMULUS, which is now developed in the first Ukrainian on-line associative tool STIMULUS. The results proved that associative fields are not monolingual, but multilingual structures. The associative fields of the Ukrainian social and political lexis include the reactions in Ukrainian (major part, 80 % at an average), Russian (4 % – 8 %), English (1 % – 2 %), other languages (Arabic, Japanese, Chinese, Italian; less than 0,5 %), symbols (1 % – 2 %) and refusing to respond (3 % – 41 %). There were cases of sudden Ukrainian reactions made by the Russian-speaking Ukrainians on the stimuli прапор "flag", незалежність "independence", національність "nationality", єдність "unity" while other reactions were Russian. The reactions in terms of their language are influenced by the respondents' mother tongue, government language policy, political situation, politics, intercultural communication. The perception of the word semantics may precede the perception of the word language. The perspective of the research is to study the lexis of other thematic groups in the aspect of the language of the reactions.

HEALTH INEQUALITIES: WHO IS THE MOST DISADVANTAGED AMONG THE UKRAINIAN WORKING-AGE POPULATION?

Despite inequalities in health, it is a very well developed topic, andtackling health inequalities is one of the main challenges of modern publichealth policies, these are not much explored in Ukraine.The European Social Survey data pooled together from 2004, 2006,2008, 2010, and 2012 including 6,820 Ukrainian respondents of working-age.Self-reported health was used as a dependent variable and four groups ofsocial determinants of health – as predictors. The multilevel binomial logisticregression analysis was conducted to investigate gender and social differencesin subjective health. Both genders were analyzed together and separately.Almost 60 % of the Ukrainian working-age population reported poor health.Multilevel binomial logistic regression analysis showed that respondents whowere female, married or had been divorced, and had children at home tendedto report poor health; the probability of poor health is increasing with age anddecreasing with the level of SES for both genders.Existence of between and within gender groups’ social inequalities inself-reported health as well as the most disadvantaged female subgroups arerevealed among the Ukrainian working-age population.

A slow ride towards permanent residency: legal transitions and the working trajectories of Ukrainian migrants in Italy and Spain

ABSTRACT This article analyses the transition from temporary to permanent residency in Italy and Spain. Despite the growing number of permanent residents in Southern European countries, scholars have paid limited attention to the legal transitions that take place in migrants’ lives after regularisation. We show that different regulations regarding permit renewals can account for qualitative differences in immigrants’ permanent residency. The analysis focuses on legal transitions of two groups of Ukrainian respondents in Italy and Spain. The significant presence of Ukrainian migrants in these two countries, together with the similarity of their legal migration patterns – from overstaying visas to obtaining long-term residency – makes Ukrainian immigration a particularly interesting case to study the hidden mechanisms and implications of legal transitions. The analysis presented here is based on 20 semi-structured interviews conducted in Italy and Spain and reveals differences between norms regarding the renewal of residency permits and their long-term implications for migrants’ labour market participation. In Italy, restrictive renewal regulations and economic requirements contribute to entrapping Ukrainian immigrants in the live-in niche of care work, while occupational trajectories of Ukrainian migrants in Spain are more diverse due to less strict renewal regulations.

Assessment of Socio-Health Determinants of Dental Check-Ups Among Students of Selected Polish, Belarusian and Ukrainian Universities.

Systematic dental check-ups play a vital role in maintaining good oral health. When oral examinations are performed as regularly as recommended, the dentist may be the first health care provider to diagnose a health problem in its early stages. The aim of the study was to identify and assess determinants of dental check-up among students of Suwałki (Poland), Grodno (Belarus) or Lviv (Ukraine) universities taking sociodemographic variables into account. Data were collected from 2013 to 2016 among freshman students of Polish (n = 1245), Belarusian (n = 1012) and Ukrainian universities (n = 688). The study was performed with the diagnostic survey method, using a questionnaire designed by the authors. In order to identify the determinants of dental check-ups, logistic regression analysis was applied. A majority of students visited a dentist for a check-up at least once a year (32.7% twice a year; 41.0% once a year). Women from Belarus (OR 1.690; 95% CI: 1.256-2.273) or Poland (OR 1.832; 95% CI: 1.374-2.442) underwent dental check-ups with a higher frequency, as did students whose financial situation was very good or good (Belarus: OR 1.574; 95% CI: 1.184-2.093 or Poland OR 1.604; 95% CI: 1.227-2.096). Variables related to students' health behaviours, i.e. smoking, alcohol consumption or drug use, were not statistically significant. The frequency of stomatological control examinations among students from Polish, Belarusian or Ukrainian universities is high. The frequency of dental examination among students is conditioned by sociodemographic factors. Regular check-ups at the dentist are more prevalent for women and those students from Polish or Belarusian universities who rated their financial situation as good or very good. In Belarusian or Ukrainian respondents, maintaining healthy eating habits was a positive predictor of dental check-up attendance, while in Polish students self-evaluation of health was a negative one.

Tobacco smoking among first-year students of the medical university

According to the World Health Organization, 5.4 million people die each year from smoking. The problem of smoking has become prevalent among young people, including high school students and university students, including medical students. The purpose of the work is to analyze the state of smoking among the medical workers of Ukraine, students of medical universities and attitudes to smoking of students of the 1st course of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya based on the results of a sociological survey of 2017, to identify measures to reduce tobacco use. In 2017, a sociological survey of doctors and first-year students of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya was done. It has been established that the problem of tobacco smoking is already relevant from the 1st year of study at a medical university: among Ukrainian 1st year students more than one fifth of the total number of smokers among 1st year foreign students the habit of tobacco smoking is formed in more than 38% of first-year students. The overwhelming number of medical students began to use tobacco at the age of 16-17 years. For more than 30% of Ukrainian respondents and almost 70% of foreigners, the main factor that prompted tobacco smoking was the influence of a company of friends, but more than 60% of respondents consider stress to be the main reason for starting smoking. Following the example of parents, 37% of Ukrainian and 22% of foreign students began to smoke. Almost all medical students are aware of the dangers of smoking. At the moment, 13% of Ukrainian and 7% of foreign students believe that the habit of tobacco reduces respect for them and the school. The majority of Ukrainian students (70%) and 43.75% of foreign students who smoke reported that they have a goal to get rid of their bad habit in the near future. According to the results of a sociological survey, anti-tobacco measures were proposed. At the moment, 13% of Ukrainian and 7% of foreign students believe that the habit of tobacco reduces respect for them in school. The majority of Ukrainian students (70%) and 43.75% of foreign students, smoke, noticed, with the aim to get rid of the bad habit in the near future. Thus, smoking is common among first-year medical students; anti-tobacco activities should be part of a preventive comprehensive program and form the basis of a healthy lifestyle.

PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATIVE FIELD OF THE STIMULUS ЦІННІСТЬ (DYNAMIC ASPECT)

Introduction. The study of the linguistic consciousness of representatives of variousethnic groups does not lose its relevance in modern psycholinguistics. The overwhelming partof the researches of this problem is based on the materials of associative experiments. There havebeen accumulated a lot of these experiments both in lexicographical works and in separatescientific researches from the middle of the last century up to now. This fact allows studyingof the linguistic consciousness at a certain time slice and in dynamics. However, the list ofstimuli is not comprehensive, therefore, the materials of free associative experiments, that wasconducted in Ukraine in 2000 and in 2012, have been used, in order to achieve the purpose ofthis work.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to reveal the structure of the associative value bythe example of the associative fields of the stimulus ЦІННІСТЬ in the Ukrainian language.Methods. The structure of associative fields was discovered through the “associativegestalt”, which made an attempt to illustrate the trends of changing in the linguistic consciousnessof the representatives of the Ukrainian ethnic group at the beginning of the 21st century.Results. The article presents the results of the psycholinguistic analysis of the associativefields of the word-stimulus ЦІННІСТЬ, that were obtained from Ukrainian respondents withthe interval of twelve years, which represent the dynamics of changes in the correspondingfragments of the world image of Ukrainians. Conclusion. The study of the meaning of the word on the material of lexicographicsources and a number of associative experiments that were applied to a specific word-stimulus isjustified and necessary for the comprehensive identification of semantics.

Working conditions in selected groups of immigrants living in the Czech Republic

The aim of this research was to confirm connections between work characteristics in selected groups of immigrants living in the Czech Republic and their nationality. As a part of the aim, gender differences in working conditions for the selected immigrants were also investigated. MethodsResearch was conducted using the quantitative method of questioning. Data were collected from 1014 immigrants, but due to non-complete answers concerning nationality and gender “only” 994 questionnaires were used, which consisted of Ukrainians, Vietnamese, Russians, Poles and Slovaks. ResultsThis research has confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences between the type of work and corresponding working conditions within the selected immigrant groups. Ukrainian respondents are most frequently employed in manual labour, which also corresponds to a higher physical strain, and a noisy and dusty working environment. Respondents of Vietnamese origin most often work in the service sector, which involves a combination of manual and intellectual work. The Polish, Slovak and also Russian respondents are much more frequently engaged in intellectual work, and therefore stated an increased satisfaction with their financial situation. Almost half of the Vietnamese respondents worry about work insecurity. Gender differences are also significant; Slovak men work manually significantly more often than women. Vietnamese, Ukrainian, Slovak and Polish men have a significantly higher income, but also less favourable working conditions than women. On the other hand, women state significantly higher stress at work.

Інноваційні інструменти в українській науковій комунікації

The development of information technologies has led to changes in the processes of scientific communication and role of library support of research processes. Librarians from the Utrecht University (the Netherlands) Jeroen Bosman and Bianca Kramer conducted a global online survey “Innovations in Scholarly Communication” to study the situation. The main objective of this our study is to identify the main trends in the usage of modern communication tools by Ukrainian scientists with the help of analysis of responses of 117 Ukrainian respondents who took part in this online survey. The source of the study is the open data set “Innovations in scholarly communication – data of the global 2015-2016 survey”, available at the Zenodo Scientific Repository. The results of surveys by Ukrainian respondents were selected for study from the main array of the open data. The calculated percentage of the received answers and the obtained results were compared with the global ones. The study found that changes in research workflows in Ukraine related to the development of digital technologies are similar to the global ones, with the exception of some differences. The data obtained as a result of the survey can be used as an empirical material for further research of the library web-support of Ukrainian scientists’ research activities. But given the rapid changes in the scientific communication landscape associated with both the development of information technology and increasing number of their users and their digital literacy, the current state of usage of these technologies in scientific process requires additional research.

Distributive justice attitudes in Ukraine: Need, desert or social minimum?

This paper presents research findings based on a factorial survey study of attitudes toward the justice of income distribution in Ukraine. The factorial survey design was used for the first time in a representative large-scale survey in Ukraine and provided an opportunity to investigate the effect of multiple factors concerning individual, family and enterprise characteristics in complex subjective evaluations of just earnings. The focus within this study lays on three fundamental principles, according to which the just income is assessed: equality, desert and need principles. Empirical results of the study show that Ukrainian respondents pay attention to almost all characteristics used in the vignettes, a fact which empirically supported the basic idea of the multiprinciple justice theory. Some generational differences in justice perception were uncovered and discussed. The analyses also revealed an overall domination of the need principle in the judgments on income justice. However, the need criterion loses its relative significance at the expense of the desert principle, as soon as rather large income amounts are treated. This finding leads to the reflection that the need considerations appear to be popular in the post-Soviet countries to the extent to which they find support among low-income population and not because of the Soviet ideological heritage.

Preliminary Evidence for the Cross-Cultural Utility of the Type D Personality Construct in the Ukraine

BackgroundType D personality is a risk indicator in cardiac patients. The validity and reliability of the Type D Scale (DS14) have been confirmed in Western Europe but not outside this context.PurposeWe examined the structural, convergent, and divergent validity and the reliability of the DS14 in the Ukrainian setting.MethodHealthy Ukrainian respondents (n = 250) completed the DS14, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. A subsample (n = 57) completed the DS14 again after 4 weeks.ResultsThe prevalence of Type D personality was 22.4%. The two-factor structure and the validity of the DS14 were confirmed. The DS14 subscales were internally consistent (Cronbach’s α = 0.86/0.71; mean inter-item correlation = 0.48/0.27) and stable over a 4-week period (r = 0.85/0.63). Type D individuals had significantly higher mean scores on anxiety (p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), and negative affect (p < 0.001), and lower scores on positive affect (p < 0.001) compared to non-Type D individuals.ConclusionPreliminary evidence suggests that the Ukrainian DS14 is a valid and reliable measure. Future studies are warranted to test the utility of the scale in cardiac patients in the Ukraine, including whether Type D also predicts adverse health outcomes beyond the boundaries of Western Europe.

Ukrainian Interpretations of “Ridna Mova”

In the Post-Soviet countries, the results of how the term “ridna mova” (Ukrainian for “mother tongue”) is categorized in the National Census are used for determining the language policies in each country. The 2001 All Ukrainian National Census also includes the question of “ridna mova”, and the results of the census show that 69% of Ukrainian citizens regard the Ukrainian language as their “ridna mova”. However, it is still unclear exactly what meaning is attached to the expression of “ridna mova”, and how each citizen of Ukraine interprets the notion of “ridna mova”.Arel explains the concept of “ridna mova” as being interpreted more as the language of one's nationality (referred to by Arel as “native language”) than as the first language spoken in early childhood or as the language which the person commands best (defined as “mother tongue” by Arel) . Using Arel's sub-classification this paper aims to demonstrate how Ukrainian respondents interpret “ridna mova”.The present thesis analyzes the results of surveys conducted in Kiev in 2006. In addition to the question of “ridna mova”, respondents were asked about their first language using the categories of “the language spoken in childhood”, “the language in which the respondent speaks with parents” and “the language which the respondent commands best”. The results of these three questions differ from the results of the question about “ridna mova”. To examine the connection between these four categories, their coefficient connection (Cramer's V) was calculated. The results show that the connection among “the language spoken in childhood”, “the language in which the respondent speaks with parents” and “the language which the respondent commands best” is very strong, but the connection between “ridna mova” and other categories is comparatively weak. This means that respondents have different interpretations of “ridna mova” and other categories. As Arel states, it seems that the respondents interpret“ridna mova”as the language of one's nationality. But strong connection among “the language spoken in childhood”, “the language in which the respondent speaks with parents” and “the language which the respondent commands best” reveal the possibility that respondents additionally interpret ridna mova as a covert “mother tongue”, not only overt “native language”.In addition, an analysis of “contradictory answers” was conducted concerning the question of “ridna mova” as well as the question, “Which language (s) can you speak other than your “ridna mova”? ” Classifying the respondents who had “contradictory answers” by their“ridna mova”, the respondents who regarded the Russian language as their “ridna mova” tended to give a “contradictory answer”. And the respondents who answered Russian language to the question of first language exhibited the same tendency. The analysis of the “contradictory answers” shows that only respondents who regard Ukrainian as their “ridna mova” and answered only “Ukrainian language” to the question of first language can interpret “ridna mova” without contradiction, because their “native language” and “mother tongue” are same-the Ukrainian language.

Transition Ethics: A Comparison of Ukrainian and United States Business Professionals

This article compares the ethical attitudes of Ukrainian business professionals with those of United States business professionals. A widely used survey instrument consisting of 16 hypothetical situations involving ethical dilemmas was employed to gather information on ethical attitudes in the two countries. On 13 of 16 vignettes, Ukrainian respondents demonstrated less stringent ethical attitudes than did their United States counterparts. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed, with primary emphasis on the transition from one economic system to another that is underway in Ukraine. Comments from Ukrainian respondents are presented so as to give an indication of the thought processes behind the questionnaire responses.

Perceptions of Parental Acceptance‐Rejection and Self‐Concepts among Ukrainian University Students

This report describes perceptions of parental acceptance‐rejection, parental control and self‐concepts in a sample of 108 university students in the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine. The students responded to Russian translations of two questionnaires: the Parental Acceptance‐Rejection/Control Questionnaire (PARQ/Control) and the Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). The Ukrainian respondents generally regarded their parents as loving, warm and low in hostility, aggression, neglect and indifference. The participants also revealed moderately positive self‐concepts. The now familiar pancultural correlation between perceptions of acceptance‐rejection and psychological adjustment was also observed. The more accepting the participants perceived their mothers and fathers to be, the more likely the students were to hold positive self‐concepts.