Ukrainian Dialects Research Articles

Наголос у структуруванні українського діалектного континууму (дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора філологічних наук зі спеціальності 10.02.01 – українська мова. Інститут української мови НАН України)

The article views the accent in nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns in Ukrainian dialects from the perspective of accent types (fixed / lexical stress). Namely, to some extent the models, the principles of studying and describing the dialectal accent system correlate with the principles, methods of studying the accent system of the literary standard. At the same time, the latter have their own specifics, primarily awareness and researcher orientation in space and time. We need to take into account not only the codified norm but also an area of the dialectal system study, the history of its formation and the age-related characteristics of the speakers.Emphasis Has been placed on the fact that every part of speech has its traits in a grammatical structure, which involves the use of different methods of emphasis. The study analyzes fixed stress placed on the penultimate syllable of a word – a paroxiton, which is definitely opposed to lexical stress. The proposed identified determination of paroxitonic emphasis: fixed stress on the penultimate composition of a word, which may be a constant feature, and paroxitonosis against lexical stress. In the accentuational portraits of Ukrainian zones it was found out that accentuation is an important argument in determining the maternal basis of new-life, transitional and resettlement (island) dialects. The Southwest type of stress is proposed as a territorial literary-normative variant. It is emphasized that this type of akcent is a typical southwestern feature, one of the lingual markers of the region In question.

Лексико-семантичні процеси в запозичених назвах приміщень та частин двору в північноукраїнському ареалі

In the article on the materials of the monuments of the Northern Ukrainian period of the XVI–XVII centuries. the lexical-semantic features of borrowed words in the names of premises are analyzed. In this group, the semantic development of words in the Polish dialect and in the Ukrainian language in general is traced. The isolated lexemes are divided into groups: names of places where there is a house with commercial premises; names of premises in which people live; names of business premises; names of parts of the yard. In all groups, there are borrowings that penetrated both in the most ancient period and in the XIV–XVII centuries. Words of foreign origin were borrowed from various sources: German, Polish, Czech, Lithuanian, Latin. Doublet names with identical semantics functioned in the analyzed texts (proper name – borrowed: домъ – будинокъ – халупа – хебора – гридня; ворота – брама – брана; borrowed – borrowed: клуня – стодола – шпихлір; спижарня – хорлѣбъ – шофа), which contributed to the expansion of paradigmatic series in the Ukrainian language. In the process of development, the presence of a specific and a borrowed word for one signified led to differentiation between them (паркан – забор, брама – ворота). Most lexemes of the analyzed group () were borrowed in the XVI–XVII centuries. According to the materials of the SSUM, words of foreign origin were transferred from the previous language era: кухня, фолварокъ, плацъ, склεпъ, хата. In the lexicon of the modern Ukrainian language, the following words remained: брама, будинок, ґанок, замок, кухня, палац, паркан, плац, римар, спіжарня, фільварок, халупа, хата, шопа, шпихлір. Individual lexemes actively function in the modern North Ukrainian dialect, have a wide range of lexical-semantic meanings (шопа, спіжарня) or have undergone semantic reintegration in the course of development (склеп, паркан); in some places in the dialect speech there was a semantic differentiation of nouns that had a doublet meaning (ворота – брама; забор – паркан). A number of words have fallen out of active use (хорлѣбъ, шофа, кгмахъ). The words ґанок, паркан, стодола, клуня remained without significant semantic changes; будинок,комора, кухня, хата on Ukrainian soil expanded the semantics.

Відображення мовного та культурного буття поліщуків крізь призму діалектного тексту

The article summarizes the views of scientists on the heuristic value of dialect texts as a reliable source for dialectological studies in view of their systematic presentation of speech features at different language levels; first of all the importance of samples of colloquial speech is noted, for the study of linguistic features of the areas of the Ukrainian dialect continuum. At the same time, attention is focused on the importance of dialect texts for research in the area of other humanities, for studying the mentality of native speakers, their material and spiritual culture. The linguistic existence of polishchuks Based on the material of dialect texts published in the publication "Unity in Diversity. Polishchuks" (2018), recorded by the author for dozens of years in the Central Polish dialects of the Zhytomyr region, collected in the studied area by students of philological specialties during dialectological practice in recent years, is analyzed. The exsistenee which is reflected primarily in the perception and awareness of oneself as a representative of a separate dialect , which differs from the inhabitants of other nearby settlements on the actual linguistic level, as well as in the preservation of a number of dialectal phonetic features in the area of vocalism and consonantism in the studied territory and expressive speech morphological features that confirm the archaic nature of the specified area. The representatives of the cultural life of the polishchuks are texts about their material culture, in particular about everyday life, crafts, farming, cultivation of agricultural crops, harvesting, etc. The spiritual culture of the inhabitants of the Middle Polissya is reflected in the texts about the rituals of the polishchuks, primarily about the wedding ceremony, in the records of beliefs, traditions, customs, which testify to durability in time and preservation in the present, at the same time undergoing dynamics caused mainly by extralingual factors.

Gerd Hentšelʹ: Regionalʹnye osobennosti ispolʹzovaniâ ukrainsko-russkoj smešannoj reči (suržika) i vliânie dialektov: pristavki i predlogi vid / ot

REGIONAL PROPERTIES IN UKRAINIAN-RUSSIAN MIXED SPEECH (SURZHYK) AND THE INFLUENCE OF DIALECTS: PREFIXES AND PREPOSITIONS VID / OT
 Ukrainian surzhyk is a form of mixed Ukrainian-Russian code influenced not only by standard dialects of Ukrainian and Russian, but also by Ukrainian dialects. In the analyses of the kind and intensity of the influence of Ukrainian or Russian on surzhyk, particularly problematic are the cases in which a given structural phenomenon occurs in some Ukrainian dialects and in the standard language, while in other dialects it is identical or very similar to the phenomenon occurring in Russian. Examples of such language units include the prefixes and vid / ot prepositions discussed in this article. Based on the corpus material, in this study the authors used quantitative methods to present the possibility to differentiate the basic tendencies that determine the way and scope of dialectal influences and both standard languages (Ukrainian and Russian). The main conclusion from the analyses of this linguistic phenomenon is the observation according to which a variant originating from the standard Ukrainian language is only preserved in those areas of using surzhyk in which only such variant occurs. In the regions in which both variants occur dialectally, or only the variant identical to Russian occurs, the latter is preserved. In general, it means that in Ukrainian-language areas variants of synonymical forms are reduced in the process of dialect-levelling in surzhyk as a mezolect.

The North Ukrainian dialect of Vyšneve in the East Slavic context: towards a final description

Abstract The linguistic description of the dialect of Vyšneve (Černihiv, Ukraine) can be considered a milestone of a more comprehensive dialectal and sociolinguistic study on the dialects spoken along the Ukrainian-Belarusian and, to a lesser extent, Russian border areas of eastern Polissia. Some of the most representative features of the Vyšneve dialect and its relation to Belarusian have already been the object of previous linguistic analysis. The village is situated about 35 km north-east of the city of Černihiv (regional centre); 12 km south-east of the town of Ripky (former district centre). The distance to the Belarusian border is approximately 35 kilometers. Only the former district of Horodjans’k separates Vyšneve from the region of Brjansk (Russian Federation). The factual material examined in this article aims to complete previous research gaps and, at the same time, intends to foster further theoretical reflections about the origin of these border dialects. The analysis of this local dialect (which includes the phonetic-phonological, morpho-syntactic and lexical levels) in fact lays the foundation for successive and more advanced stages of research on the Ukrainian-Belarusian-Russian border dialects. In this contribution the dialectal features will be systematically compared with both the neighbouring Belarusian dialects spoken along the Ukrainian-Belarusian continuum and with the nearby southern Russian dialects, particularly with their western group. The latter, in fact, shares with the neighbouring Ukrainian and Belarusian border dialects a series of isoglosses and idiosyncratic traits.

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC PARALLELS IN THE DESIGNATION OF TIME IN THE BULGARIAN DIALECTS AND THE SLAVIC DIALECTS OF THE CARPATHIANS

The article examines the peculiarities of the designation of time periods in the Bulgarian dialects and in the Ukrainian dialects of the Carpathian region, mainly from the point of view of the specifics of dialect segmentation of this semantic sphere and the principles of nomination. The lexical material of the Ukrainian dialects of the Carpathians and dialects of the Bulgarian language allows us to identify within the framework of the article some semantic models and shifts that exist in time designations: orientation in the names of months to phenological cycles and periods of work; perception of the concept of "time" displayed by vocabulary as a favorable or unfavorable time for any activity or life in general; nomination of morning as the appearance of daylight or a period of time slightly removed in the past from the moment of speech; borrowings are also noted as part of the vocabulary denoting time in its various manifestations. Based on the analysis of dictionaries of the Carpathian-Ukrainian and Bulgarian dialects, it is concluded that this vocabulary represents semantic models of names of time periods that have parallels in other Slavic and some non-Slavic languages. Taking into account the wide distribution in the linguistic territory of Slavia, as well as beyond its borders, it is possible to assume the status of these models as semantic archetypes, represented in their totality in the Carpathian-Ukrainian and Bulgarian dialects.

Eastern Romance borrowings in Ukrainian dialects (Indo-European retrospective)

The article deals with the original Eastern Romance vocabulary recorded in the dialects of the Ukrainian language and its proto-forms, as well as examines the formation of the semantics of Eastern Romance borrowings from the Proto-Indo- European period to the present. To achieve the goal, the author compiles a corpus of original Romance words presented in Ukrainian dialects, determines their Indo- European, Italic and Latin proto-forms, corrects those of them indicated in the etymological literature, and establishes regularities of semantic transformations of various thematic groups on the axis of Proto-Indo-European language – Proto- Italic – Latin – ancient and modern Eastern Romance languages and dialects – Ukrainian dialects. The study proves that the Proto-Indo-European origins of Eastern Romance dialectisms, which had the meanings “action” and “state”, as a result of natural changes in the semantic structure, acquired the meanings of objects of practical human activity and became the basis for naming the animal and plant world of the Carpathian region, tools and the results of the work of the ancient population of the West of Ukraine.

Subject pro-drop and past-tense auxiliary clitics in South-Western Ukrainian

AbstractSouth-Western Ukrainian dialects have retained the option of auxiliary clitics in the formation of the past tense. At the same time, they have past-tense forms without auxiliary clitics as in Northern Ukrainian dialects, and in Standard Ukrainian based on South-Eastern dialects. A sample corpus study suggests that South-Western Ukrainian also shows a higher frequency of subjectpro-drop than Standard Ukrainian. The South-Western Ukrainian pattern presents the precise mirror image of the same two features in South-Eastern ‘Borderland’ Polish. Here, the dialect adopted the option of past-tense forms without auxiliary clitics, next to those with them as in Standard Polish. At the same time, it shows a higher frequency of non-pro-drop than Standard Polish. I argue that these matching facts are the result of long- standing language contact that worked simultaneously in two directions: the increase in the use of an existing dialectal Ukrainian pattern under Polish influence, as well as the increase in the use of an existing dialectal Polish pattern under Ukrainian influence. As a result, both dialects show the same variation between past-tense forms with auxiliary clitics and without them, and they have mutually converging tendencies in subjectpro-drop – the Ukrainian dialect adapting towards Polishpro-drop, and the Polish dialect towards Ukrainian non-pro- drop. The bi-directionality of influence in the SWU dialectal area, thus, goes beyond other, unidirectional language-contact scenarios.

HUNGARIANISMS IN NORTHERN UKRAINIAN WRITTEN RECORDS OF THE 16–17TH CENTURIES

The subject of the article is Hungarianisms found in the North Ukrainian texts of the 16-17th centuries. The article briefly describes the Ukrainian and Hungarian contacts, the terminology of naming borrowings from the Hungarian language, occasionally considers the history of the study of Hungarianisms in Ukrainian linguistics, focuses on tokens of Hungarian origin.
 The article in particular based on materials of lexicographical works, indicates from which thematic groups the Hungarianisms were borrowed, which lexical and semantic changes they underwent in the analyzed written records, and their further evolution in the Ukrainian language in general and in the North Ukrainian dialect.
 Based on the study, it was established that a small number of words of Hungarian origin functioned in the Northern Ukrainian literary records (we found them), which is explained by the lack of direct contacts, inactive (passive) trade and economic ties, etc. Selected Hungarianisms are presented mainly in two thematic groups: household and military vocabulary.
 The observation of DYL gives grounds to believe that some of the analyzed Hungarianisms came out of the active use of the Ukrainian language, mainly due to the lack of denoted realia, some are used in the Polissya dialect, having undergone lexical and semantic changes.
 Analyzing the lexicographical works, which present materials from the Northern Ukrainian dialect, we can confirm that the borrowed units have changed at the lexical and semantic level.
 For some analyzed words the Hungarian language was a source of borrowing (добошъ, кгермекъ, ка(р)вашъ, газука, макгерка, катанка, шишакъ), for others it was a mediator (бакгазия, доломан, кунтушъ, палашъ, чижми), separate words (га(и)дукъ, шабля) do not have a unanimous opinion among etymologists about their origin. It is most probable that almost all Hungarianisms got into Ukrainian texts written in the Northern Ukrainian territories through the mediation of the Polish language, given the lack of direct contacts.

LEXEME PYRIH (PIE): POLISH AND ALL-UKRAINIAN CONTEXTS

The article outlines the functioning of the semantic field of the token pyrih in Polissya and all-Ukrainian contexts. In the study, we used a functional method to determine the role of seeds in shaping the structure of the field. The structure of the semantic field of the lexeme pyrih was formed over the centuries, today it unites two dominant groups of seeds: to refer to products from flour of the highest grade and flour products as elements of rituals. The periphery of the semantic field is represented in the lexical-semantic group of phraseological units with the pyrih component, it correlates with the figurative meanings of the lexeme, in particular, 'wealth', 'well-being'. The studied field demonstrates the primary influence of ethnological factors on the formation of lexeme semantics. Our observations showed that a separate sememe within the lexeme, which is nuclear for a group of names of products made of flour of the highest grade, namely a 'flour product with filling' is inherent in the dialect system of both the Polissya region and the Ukrainian dialect continuum as a whole. The lexeme belongs to the oldest Pra-slavonic and Proto-Indo-European layers of vocabulary and operates throughout Slavia and beyond. The realities covered by the name are an important part of the national cuisine of Polissya and Ukraine as a whole. In Polissya, the lexeme pyrih covers seeds to denote a pie, dumpling, prosperity, ritual and ceremonial bread, wedding bread. The realities covered by the name are an important part of the national cuisine of Polissya and Ukraine as a whole. It should be noted that the oldest meaning of the word pyrih is ‘boiled dough product with filling’, and today for Western Ukraine, Poland this semantics is dominant, it is preserved in the settlements of Polissya, including the name boiled pies. The lexeme pyrih in Polissya is characterized by specificity and at the same time linguistic and cultural community within the all-Ukrainian language continuum. The tradition of baking in Polissya showed the stability of archaic elements, which in many respects reveal the syncretism of the original and Christian ideas and beliefs of Polissya residents.

Insular dialect and foreign-language environment (on the material of the Ukrainian dialects of Bashkortostan)

The article is devoted to the issue of the interaction of insular Ukrainian dialects abroad and the foreign dialectal environment. It is emphasized that such interaction is two-way: not only insular dialects adopt the features of contact languages, but vice versa — the impact of insular dialects on the foreign language environment is noticeable, which is illustrated by the example of Ukrainian and Russian dialects of Bashkortostan. The analysis showed that the “Dictionary of the Russian Dialects of Bashkiria” affirms a significant Ukrainian influence on the non-Ukrainian dialects of these areas, as it contains a lot of vocabulary of Ukrainian origin in the dialects that are represented in the dictionary as Russian ones. The analyzed dictionary presents both commonly used Ukrainian lexis, which belongs to the active vocabulary of speech, and passivized lexis, including ethnographicisms, names from the sphere of spiritual culture and nominations of realities that have fallen out of use. It was found that loanwords from Ukrainian presented in the dictionary are different parts of speech. At the same time, the originally Ukrainian lexis in the Russian dialects of Bashkortostan can have a different temporal origin: it can be borrowed not only directly from Ukrainian settlers in Bashkyria, but also brought from genetically Ukrainian areas in the southeast of the Russian Federation (for example, Voronezh region, Kuban, etc.). It creates a certain difficulty for the researcher in analyzing of language material and the need to refer to a wider source background. Keywords: insular dialects, enclave dialects, foreign-language environment, foreign-dialect environment, Ukrainian enclaves, Ukrainian dialects in a foreign-language environment, loanwords

Names of an illegitimate child in modern Ukrainian language

The article deals with the composition of the lexical-semantic group “names of an illegitimate child” in the Ukrainian language, in particular in dialects, as well as with the word-forming structure, etymology and semantic processes that take place in it. Special attention is paid to the history and etymology of the lexemes байстрюк, бастард and копил. The active use of the word байстрюк in the modern literary Ukrainian language, in particular in its colloquial version, is emphasized. It was found that the Ukrainian nominations of an illegitimate child represent a very diverse range of motivational models: ʻlocus of conception or of a birth of a child’, ʻthe lewd nature of the mother’s behavior’, ʻabnormal appearance of the child in the family’, etc. The lexical implementation of these models differs significantly in different regions of Ukraine. Borrowed mainly from the Polish language or through its mediation, lexemes to denote an illegitimate child show a wide phonetic and word-forming variation in the process of adaptation to the system of the Ukrainian language or — more narrowly — to the peculiarities of certain dialects. Most names represent pejorative connotative semes — rude, abusive; but sometimes they show sympathy for an illegitimate child. Keywords: illegitimate child, Ukrainian dialects, dialect dictionaries, areal lexical variety

The local dialect of Zaderi¿vka (Ñhernihiv region) in the east Slavic context

Chernihiv) represents a minor segment of a larger research project devoted to the study of the local dialects spoken in the uttermost northwestern area of the region of Chernihiv. These dialects, according to a largely accepted classification, are attributed to the northeastern Ukrainian (or Polissian) dialectal territory and are more specifically known as “transitional from Ukrainian to Belarusian”. Because of the predominantly descriptive character adopted in this paper, some theoretical implications and debatable issues will not be discussed here. The most significant geo-historical facts about this rural village, in line with the dialectological practice and the methodology applied for the collection of data, are delineated in the introductory sections. Central to this study is the description and analysis of the most substantial dialectal features of this local dialect. Their characteristics are examined considering the usual linguistic parameters: phoneticphonology, derivation (to a minor extent), morphology, syntax, and lexis. The fact that Zaderi¿vka is reported (point number 65) in the Atlas Ukraїns’koї Movy [Atlas of the Ukrainian Language] favours comparison with other local varieties, and it is useful to identify recent trends and possible undergoing changes in the examined dialect. The dialectal data analyzed in this paper aim, on the one hand, to increase the already available factual material and, on the other, to foster further theoretical reflections about the origin of these border dialects. Keywords: East Slavic dialectology, North Ukrainian (East Polissian) dialects, Zaderiїvka, local dialect, border dialects

Carpatho-Ukrainian skusa – from word to character

The article attempts to explain the appearance of the character skusa in Western Ukrainian mythology through the origin of its name, while exploring the motives of temptation in East Slavic folklore. The formation of skusa as a mythological character is due to the high frequency of the verb kusyty and its derivates in Western Ukrainian dialects. This verb has negative connotations and denotes Satan’s function to tempt a person, to provoke him or her to commit unrighteous deeds. Against the background of the relatively high “activity” of the verbs of temptation in local mythological prose, this function is personalized over time and character names (skusa, pokusa) appear, similar to other single-functional characters such as lyakayla or blud. Skusa, essentially identical to the devil, due to its weak formedness as a character, is devoid of any specific external features and even by its grammatical gender appears in texts either as a female or as a male character. Subsequently, the word skusa begins to denote not only a demon, but also various diseases, mainly “caused”; finally, the same verb and its derivatives spokušaty / spokusyty / skusyty are used to denote medicinal plants (skusivnyk) used to get rid of skusa.

Діалектна основа перекладу Михайла Атаманюка німецькомовного роману К.Е. Францоза «Боротьба за право»

The article focuses on the first Ukrainian translation of the novel Ein Kampf um’s Recht by the Austrian writer Karl Emil Francoz of the mid-19th century, which tells about the struggle of Galician peasants - Rusins - for their land. The translation was made in Chernivtsi in 1910 by Mykhailo Atamanyuk, a Ukrainian writer and translator, whose creative legacy has been unfairly overlooked by researchers. Mykhailo Atamanyuk grew up and got education in Austro-Hungary, where he witnessed the interethnic dialogue and intercuLturaL contacts and mastered the local dialect from his childhood. These factors, together with Atamanyuk's consonance with Franzos in the perpception of reality, formed a reliable basis for a high-quality translation into the native language of its heroes. The authors argue that the translation under analysis accurately conveys all the typical features of the local dialect. The article analyses the translation in terms of the dialectal facts on different language levels and identifies phonetic, morphological, lexical, and syntactic dialectal phenomena, typical for the Transnistrian dialect of the Galician-Bukovinian dialects within the South-Western dialect of the Ukrainian language. Basing on the two toponyms mentioned in the novel, the authors determine its linguo-spatial background - Kolomyisky, Tlumatsky, Horodenkivsky, and Snyatinsky districts of Ivano-Frankivsk Region of modern Ukraine, which represent the Transnistrian dialect at the Ukrainian dialect map. These dialects formed the basis of the Western Ukrainian variety of the literary language, which contributed to the popularity of the novel among Ukrainian readers. Thus, for the first time, the dialect basis of Atamanyuk's Ukrainian translation of the novel Ein Kampf um’s Recht by K.E. Franzos has been established.

REPRESENTATION OF THE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL DIMENSION OF THE DIALECT WORD IN MODERN LEXICOGRAPHICAL PUBLICATIONS

The article analyzes the ways of representation of a dialect word in lexicographic editions of the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century. First of all, the dynamics of the speech of the spoken word over the last decades is noted, because in the publications of the 70-90s of the last century dialectologists-lexicographers mostly presented the spoken word as a dialect unit with clear heuristic potential and can be a reliable source for various dialectological studies, especially in the field of phonetics, lexicology, morphology etc., because the dictionaries contained information about the variants of the dialect word (phonetic and grammatical), its grammatical parameters, semantics, localization, mostly even accurately to the settlement, sporadically presented an illustrative material that did not allow to fully represent the nominated subject, especially associated with its use in various traditions, beliefs, rituals, because there was a lack of descriptiveness. Instead, in modern dialect lexicographical publications, the way of representing the material has shifted with the emphasis on the functioning of the dialect word in a coherent text of different volume depending on the purpose of presenting the material. Modern dictionaries record not only the above parameters of the dialect word, but also its linguistic and cultural content, the valence of the represented word, its cultural understanding, which allows to trace the functioning of the colloquial name from different positions, to establish the cultural background of the nomination, to reveal emotional and aesthetic words.
 It is concluded that the future of Ukrainian dialect lexicography is based on dictionaries of a new type with maximum representation of the spoken word in the context of its functioning, according to dictionaries-concordances.

СТИЛІСТИЧНО МАРКОВАНА ЛЕКСИКА В РОМАНІ ТОМАСА БРУССІҐА “АM KÜRZEREN ЕNDE DER SONNENALLEE” ТА ЇЇ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ ПЕРЕКЛАДІ

The article deals with problems of literary translation on the lexical level. Translation strategies and techniques used to reproduce stylistically marked words and expressions of Thomas Brussig’s novel “Am kürzeren Ende der Sonnenallee” and the equivalency of their functions in the Ukrainian translation are explored. The word choice of the well known German author targeted at creating humorous or satirical tone in his novels constitutes his own individual style which is diffi cult to reproduce in other languages. That is why each new translation of his novel arouses a great interest of linguists and translatologists. The purpose of this article, therefore, was to classify the stylistically coloured vocabulary of the novel and to examine the lexical and stylistical choices of the translator S. Onufriv, especially the means chosen to render dialectisms, slang and jargon expressions, historical words from the GDR time, expressive personal nicknames, and denominations into Ukrainian. The main terms used in this article to describe the relation between the original text and its translation are “stylistic equivalency” and “stylistic density”, their application being explained based on the linguistic theories of translation (Fedorov, Retsker, Koller, Reiß). In the article, the comparative and descriptive methods as well as the quantitative estimations were used. Seven text fragments with 123 stylistically coloured expressions of lower register were chosen for our analysis. It revealed a higher stylistic density of the Ukrainian translation compared to the German text due to the use of stylistically lower vocabulary and Ukrainian dialect words used to substitute stylistically neutral words of the German author: 181 coloured words and expressions were found. The most important translation issues regarding the reproduction of dialect, slang words and of expressive names were defi ned. It was discovered that the eff ect caused by combining words of diff erent registers (formal and casual) had been lost in translation. Full stylistic equivalency of the youth slang translation as well as features of individual translator’s style were revealed. Several suggestions were made on how to avoid word-to-word translation in some places of the analyzed text fragments. To obtain the whole picture of formal translation equivalency, the tasks for further equivalency studies on other text levels were formulated. Key words: stylistically marked words and expressions, dialectisms, slang expressions, expressive personal nicknames and denominations, translation, stylistic equivalency, stylistic density

The Historical Anthroponymy of the Ruthenian Population Living in the Historical Territories of the Eastern Lublin Region (On the Material of Registers of Parishes in the Former Greek-Uniate Diocese of Chełm)

The subject of research is the anthroponymy of the Ruthenian (Ukrainian) population living in the historical territories of the eastern Lublin region on the Polish-East-Slavic borderland. The underlying objective of the study was to investigate the Ruthenian onomastics functioning in the historical Polish-Ukrainian onomastics and to highlight the territorial diversification of the personal names of Ukrainians, related to the dialectal diversity in the studied territory. The reference database is personal proper names excerpted from the parish registers of Uniate parishes in the former Chełm diocese. The territory investigated was divided into three areas: northern, central and southern, based on the ranges of the Ukrainian dialects spoken in the territory of present-day Poland. The research material was excerpted from the records of Uniate parishes in the former Chełm diocese in the years of 1662–1810.
 The northern area, defined by the range of Podlasie local dialects, and the central area, determined by the ranges of transitional dialects from northern to southern ones and Volhynian dialects, exhibit features closely similar to peasant anthroponymy, while the southern area, defined by the ranges of Dniester and San dialects, presents features characteristic of the anthroponymy of the lower Ukrainian gentry.

Principles of the compilation of East-Podillia dialects

A key role of dialect dictionaries in the preservation of the national memory of the people and national moral values is emphasized in the paper. It has been stated that dialect vocabulary compiled in the dictionary is of great heuristic value, as it expresses a historical progress of the nation in its work, with customs and beliefs, the whole outlook in general, which is why it is a required source for the reconstruction of the ancient condition of a material and moral culture of native speakers.
 It has been found out that some specialists in dialectology-lexicography mark the registries of dialect words differently (dictionary, short dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary, materials for dictionary, small dictionary, etc.). Ukrainian dialect dictionaries were analyzed as to their completeness of vocabulary presentations, the coverage of dialect areas and some peculiarities of the representation of regional vocabulary in thematic dictionaries which contained the dialects of East Podillia.
 The purpose and the task of the compilation of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects as well as its format/size were defined. Foreign analogs of such creation, in particular Podillia ones, were noticed. The principles of the compilation of a multi-volume edition of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects according to the thematic groups were worked out.
 The importance of the Dictionary of East-Podillia dialects for Ukrainian language studies has been underlined, as it will become a profound source for further language research.

Lexis of Stryhantsi village as objekt of lexicographical processing. З/Z. 1.1 (З/Z))

The purpose of the article is to suggest new approaches to the lexicographical processing of the modern speech lexis of residents from the particular village. Dialect of the village Stryhantsi of Tysmenytsya district, Ivano‑Frankivsk region was chosen as an object of the research, it is currently included into the dialect of the South-West Naddnistrianshchyna. The village is situated 30 km from the regional center – the city of Ivano-Frankivsk (driving through Roshniv, Klubivtsi, Tysmenytsia). It is supposed that the village was founded in 1624. The village is marked on the map of the French engineer- map-maker Le Vasseur de Beauplan dated 1650. The source base of the research is long-term records of dialect speech of villagers made by the authors of the article. The article contains the first part of the material starting from ‘З’ (Z) letter. The glossary article provides all the relations that express the combination of different grammatical forms of nouns with the preposition З/Z known to the authors and the maximum quantity of the examples with the quotes from the colloquial dialect speech, especially with meanings which can differ from the meaning of the same lexeme in the standard language. Meanings are separated by the Arabic numerals. Words in the quotes from the colloquial dialect speech provides accent marks and other sound features of the lexeme. Common phrases are also presented in addition to idioms. Each common phrase and idiom provides meaning in the colloquial dialect speech. The article illustrates the lexical and phraseological richness of speech of the inhabitants of the village of Strygantsi, interesting grammatical forms with the specified preposition. The collected authentic factual material becomes a valuable source for the analysis the Ukrainian dialect language. Some of the lexemes present a significant interest for the researchers of the historical grammar of Ukrainian language.