Insular dialect and foreign-language environment (on the material of the Ukrainian dialects of Bashkortostan)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the issue of the interaction of insular Ukrainian dialects abroad and the foreign dialectal environment. It is emphasized that such interaction is two-way: not only insular dialects adopt the features of contact languages, but vice versa — the impact of insular dialects on the foreign language environment is noticeable, which is illustrated by the example of Ukrainian and Russian dialects of Bashkortostan. The analysis showed that the “Dictionary of the Russian Dialects of Bashkiria” affirms a significant Ukrainian influence on the non-Ukrainian dialects of these areas, as it contains a lot of vocabulary of Ukrainian origin in the dialects that are represented in the dictionary as Russian ones. The analyzed dictionary presents both commonly used Ukrainian lexis, which belongs to the active vocabulary of speech, and passivized lexis, including ethnographicisms, names from the sphere of spiritual culture and nominations of realities that have fallen out of use. It was found that loanwords from Ukrainian presented in the dictionary are different parts of speech. At the same time, the originally Ukrainian lexis in the Russian dialects of Bashkortostan can have a different temporal origin: it can be borrowed not only directly from Ukrainian settlers in Bashkyria, but also brought from genetically Ukrainian areas in the southeast of the Russian Federation (for example, Voronezh region, Kuban, etc.). It creates a certain difficulty for the researcher in analyzing of language material and the need to refer to a wider source background. Keywords: insular dialects, enclave dialects, foreign-language environment, foreign-dialect environment, Ukrainian enclaves, Ukrainian dialects in a foreign-language environment, loanwords