Ukrainian State Research Articles

Językowe środki definiowania podmiotowości państwa (na przykładzie Ukrainy)

Subjectivity sets the limits of a state's powers and its place in the global legal and political order, being a fundamental element of international relations. It encompasses various elements, including the national language, which plays a key role in building identity and emphasising independence. The Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2014 demonstrated the role of the Russian language as a geopolitical tool, used by the Kremlin to deny Ukraine's subjectivity and challenge its separate identity. In view of this, the Ukrainian language began to play an important role as in the struggle for the separate identity of the Ukrainian people and state, as well as for its independence. The international community's perception of the state through the prism of subjectivity is influenced by linguistic practices, such as the transliteration of geographical names or the use of specific terminology. In order to strengthen subjectivity and emancipation from the 'Russian world', Ukraine is taking various measures, such as the initiative to change the spelling of the capital's name from 'Kiev' to 'Kyiv' in English. The international perception of the Ukrainian state and its subjectivity are also influenced by linguistic devices and language practices in other languages. An analysis of English-speaking, Russian-speaking and Polish-speaking discourses in the context of Ukraine reveals similarities and differences in the way its subjectivity is defined. Language thus becomes an important element in the struggle for the state's subjectivity and the construction of its identity in the international community.

PEDAGOGICAL REGIONAL STUDIES AS INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

The article reveals the peculiarities and prospects for the development of pedagogical regional studies as interdisciplinary scientific knowledge and a multidimensional phenomenon of education, culture, and science. It was established that in the conditions of modern social changes, the need for the crystallization of national identity as the basis of Ukrainian statehood, the historical and cultural approach plays an important role in the training of future specialists – citizens of Ukraine. Among the modern trends in the development of Ukrainian education and pedagogy is the actualization of regional research, which is manifested in the appeal of scientists to various aspects of pedagogical local history, microhistory, etc. The regional approach is based on highlighting the patterns of development of national education and pedagogical thought on little-known, unique regional materials. One of the aspects of such a regional approach is the subject of research in pedagogical regional studies – interdisciplinary knowledge about the peculiarities of the development of education, science, pedagogical thought, the culture of the region, the study, preservation and creative use of regional pedagogical experience in the theory and practice of modern educational institutions, scientific institutions, institutions of the social sphere . The authors analyzed the experience of the Scientific and Research Center of Pedagogical Local Studies operating at the Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University. In 2022, with the aim of updating regional scientific problems, studying little-known pages of pedagogical local history, scientists of the Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University launched a new research project – «Education, schooling and pedagogical thought of Cherkasy region». The purpose of the project is to present to the public the achievements of Ukrainian and foreign pedagogical science and of education, consolidating biographical and bibliographic information about teachers, educators, teachers in the form of an informational and bibliographic electronic resource «Pedagogical Cherkasy» and a popular science reference book. It has been established that the relevance of regional scientific issues is enhanced by the multidimensionality and interdisciplinary nature of pedagogical regional studies as a pedagogical, historical, and social phenomenon that requires a thorough study in order to present it representatively in the modern interdisciplinary historical and cultural discourse – educational, social-pedagogical, historical-pedagogical, etc.

Effectiveness of international legal instruments to combat corruption

The relevance of this study is argued by the need to implement international practices of combating corruption and to improve the efficiency of legal mechanisms and instruments for combating corruption in all spheres of the state’s life. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the effectiveness of international legal instruments for combating corruption in Ukraine. To fulfil this purpose, it was necessary to perform the following tasks: to identify international legal instruments for fighting corruption; to investigate ways to assess the level of corruption perception in the world; to determine the progress in the fight against corruption in Ukraine; to identify problems that prevent the increase of the corruption perception index in Ukraine; to develop tools for improving the level of combating corruption in Ukraine. The principles of dialectics served as the basis of the methodological framework of the study, which included such general scientific and special legal cognition methods as comparative legal, formal legal, analysis, and synthesis. Based on the analysis of secondary sources, the study established the significance of analysing and classifying the definition of international legal instruments for combating corruption and ways of assessing the level of perception of corruption in the world. The analysis of statistical data and sociological surveys helped to establish the progress of the fight against corruption in Ukraine, which is reflected in the concrete data of monitoring the level of perception of corruption in Ukraine. The emphasis was placed on a systematic approach to identifying the problems that hinder the improvement of the corruption perception index in Ukraine. Using the comparative legal method, the study compared the provisions of Ukrainian and international legislation directly related to the issues of combating corruption and its manifestations. The conclusions of the study were formulated, with propositions of concrete tools for improving the level of combating corruption in Ukraine by improving the activities of state structures. The study reviewed and analysed relevant scientific articles of Ukrainian and foreign researchers. The practical significance of this study lies in the possibility of using its findings in the activities of Ukrainian state bodies, considering the international experts’ assessment of the effectiveness of the anti-corruption instruments already applied

AN UNFINISHED POLEMICS “AMONG OURSELVES”

The paper examines the polemical dialogue on the national question between two Ukrainian literary classics, Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka, which took place in the late 19th and early 20th century, as well as its impact on other writers, social, and political figures. There was a noticeable divergence in the positions of two prominent writers, with Ivan Franko criticizing the trans-Dnieper Ukrainian intellectuals for distancing themselves from the people, while Lesia Ukrainka justified their participation in the statewide all-Russian movement. This is primarily explained by the asynchrony of social development in the conditions of the Russian autocratic empire and the Austro-Hungarian constitutional state, but there was still another factor. The views of both Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka were formed under the influence of the social-democratic ideas of Mykhailo Drahomanov. However, by that time, Ivan Franko had already shifted towards national positions, while Lesia Ukrainka continued to share Drahomanov’s principles. The evolution of Lesia Ukrainka’s views suggests that it was rather a temporary misunderstanding than an ideological confrontation with Ivan Franko. During the Soviet period, this opposition articulated by Ivan Franko as the one “among ourselves” and temporary “polemical controversy” (Lesіa Ukrainka) was intentionally ignored, as the communist regime in the USSR made efforts to silence the presence of national movements. Interest in this polemic appeared already in the first post-revolutionary years in Ukraine (Mykhailo Drai-Khmara) and remained vivid within the Ukrainian emigration (Dmytro Dontsov, Yurii Lavrinenko). Subsequently, it was revived in literary works during the period of Ukrainian state independence, with contributions from Ivan Denysiuk, Mykhailo Nechytaliuk, Vasyl Horyn, Halyna Levchenko, Mykhailo Hnatiuk, and Bohdan Tykholoz. The polemic between Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka proves its relevance in current circumstances as well.

IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF TRADITIONAL POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of artificial intelligence technology on the functioning of traditional political institutions in terms of their performance of specific functions. Special attention is paid to the risks and threats that arise today for the Ukrainian state in matters of guaranteeing national security. It is emphasized that the development of artificial intelligence technology significantly increases these threats, particularly in the information field. An analysis of expert assessments and political statements regarding the importance of controlling the use of new technology is provided. The potential possibilities of using artificial intelligence algorithms in the political sphere are indicated.

PUBLIC SCULPTURE IN WARTIME UKRAINE AS A FORM OF THE STATE’S MEMORY POLITICS

The authors argue that during wartime in Ukraine, public sculpture serves as a reflection of the memory politics of the contemporary Ukrainian state. As such, these politics are aimed at breaking away from the Soviet legacy that continues to exist simultaneously in the form of hidden or sometimes obvious remnants of older colonial narratives of Ukrainian history and in the form of aesthetic artifacts akin to those that can be seen in the public space of big cities, e.g. sculptures and reliefs, etc. However, in its efforts to shed the Soviet legacy, Ukraine's memory politics often uncritically adopt dominant capitalist narratives, inadvertently perpetuating another form of cultural oppression and colonization. In addition to critiquing contemporary market-driven discourse, the authors stress the importance of not overlooking the layer of mythological memory, as it constitutes one of the most fundamental elements of Europe's cultural landscape.

THE ROLE OF THE CLERGY IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE VOLYN REGION (THE 2ND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY)

The scientific study analyzes the spiritual, educational, social and public activities of the leading figures of the Orthodox brotherhoods of Volyn in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The organizational characteristics of the implementation of spiritual, educational and social activities of representatives of Orthodox brotherhoods in the study period are analyzed. The author characterizes the leading types of spiritual, educational, social and public activities of leading figures (representatives of the clergy) of Orthodox brotherhoods in Volyn in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: organizational, professional and pedagogical, spiritual and educational, trustee, charitable, patronage publishing and research. The main forms (public readings, talks, individual assistance to schoolchildren and their families, book publishing, charity events, mass events) and methods (organization of educational, spiritual, social, public, charitable, patronage activities, stimulation, formation of experience) of spiritual, educational and social activities of representatives of Orthodox brotherhoods of Volyn in the studied period are identified.The spiritual revival of the state, which began in the early 1990s, is taking place on a difficult social background, which is manifested in the crisis of morality that permeates all spheres of our life. Therefore, at the present stage of development of education and science, given the urgent needs of humanizing Ukrainian society, it is necessary to return to the revival of Christian moral values.Religion, being an organic component of the spiritual life of society, has played an important role in the process of Ukrainian state and cultural construction, and has helped Ukrainians preserve their national identity for many centuries. The spiritual, educational, social and public activities of the clergy and representatives of the Orthodox community to promote education, culture and spirituality based on local traditions helped preserve the national identity of the people.The spiritual, educational, social and public activities of Orthodox brotherhoods, strengthened by the growth of spiritual and secular educational institutions and charitable institutions, acquired both religious status and social and public significance. Through the content of education in the studied period, the multiculturalism inherited by the Volyn region, the polyphony of educational imperatives, and the integration of national, general educational, moral and spiritual indicators were realized.

Formation of Ethnic Minority Organizations in the First Years of Ukrainian Independence

historical retrospectives of the formation and activities of ethnic minority organizations in the early 1990s as one of the factors of state-building remains relevant. This study aims to analyze the historical context and peculiarities of the institutionalization of ethnic minority structures in Ukraine at the initial stage of the restoration of Ukrainian state independence. The research object is ethnic minority organizations, primarily those that focused their activities on national and cultural revival. The methodological framework includes the principles of historicism, tolerance, scientific impartiality, and impartiality. We have traced the specifics of the formation of ethnic community organizations and the main vectors of their activities during the specified period. Despite many common historical, cultural, and socio-political backgrounds, the formation of such organizations for different communities could have its peculiarities. For example, for Jewish organizations, the demographic issue was acute due to emigrant sentiments in the Jewish community. As for ethnic minorities like Hungarians and Romanians, they had close ties with their historical homelands. This fact also influenced their organizational structure in Ukraine. The Georgian minority built their organizations emphasizing cooperation between Ukraine and Georgia. Germans also sought to maintain ties with their historical homeland. For Poles, the religious factor was significant. Overall, in Ukraine, there were quite favorable conditions for the full development and activities of ethnic minorities despite the complex political and economic situation of the early 1990s. Nowadays, the issue of organizational development of ethnic communities is a matter of focus for state authorities both at the legislative level and at the level of local communities.

Hotel industry of Ukraine in crisis conditions: challenges, trends, prospects

Hotel industry of Ukraine in crisis conditions: challenges, trends, prospects

The relevance of studyng the history of Ukraine in institutions of higher education in today's conditions

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for a thorough study of the discipline “History of Ukraine” in Ukrainian universities as a guarantee of strengthening the sense of national dignity and national identity of the Ukrainian people in the conditions of the Ukrainian-Russian war among student youth. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism and scientific objectivism. During the research, universal methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, synthesis, inductive, deductive), as well as special methods of historical research (retrospective, chronological, historical-comparative) were used. Scientific novely. An analysis of the policy of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine aimed at introducing European norms and standards into the national educational sphere was carried out. It is noted that the way to optimize educational programs by reducing the study of socio-humanitarian disciplines does not take into account the national specificity of Ukraine and does not correspond to the current stage of the existence of Ukrainian statehood. It is proved that the study of national history in institutions of higher education should be carried out at a deep theoretical level against the background of the pan-European historical process and be provided with appropriate educational and methodological literature. Conclusions. It is emphasized that in the conditions of a full-scale war unleashed by Russia against Ukraine, deep knowledge of the historical path of our people, the origins of its identity is the basis for the education of patriotism, the formation of a sense of national dignity. The chronological principle of history teaching, characteristic of the school course, does not give an opportunity to see the historical path of our people in perspective, against the background of pan-European processes, to understand the naturalness and inevitability of Ukraine’s European choice. At the current stage of our country’s existence, the return of the discipline “History of Ukraine” to the system of higher education as a mandatory component of educational programs of all specialties is an important task. The teaching of national history in institutions of higher education should be carried out in the context of the pan-European historical process, which requires providing an updated course with appropriate educational and methodological literature.

Legal Regulation of E-courts in Ukraine as an Element of Access to Justice for the Protection of Individual Rights

The purpose of the research is to consider electronic judicial procedure as an element of access to justice regarding protection of rights of individuals. The assessment of the effectiveness of the judicial system in Ukraine in 2023 was 2.73 points on a 5-point scale. The judicial index consists of three equivalent components: the assessment of the level of trust in the judicial system of the CEOs of the EVA member companies, which this year was 2.17 points; the assessment of the impartiality of the judicial system, which is 2.88; and the average assessment of seven factors of the organization and operation of the judicial system, which is 3 and 13 points. It has been established that that certain elements of digitalization of social processes change the social space and, in particular, the mechanisms of judicial proceedings. In the process of the development of society, certain factors came to life and these factors led to the growth of the role of information and, and therefore, to a clearer allocation of the information function in the field of jurisprudence. The following conclusion was made: the need to use information technologies in the judiciary is due to the global informatization of modern society and the development of new forms of interaction in the civil sphere with the use of electronic means of communication: the global Internet, mobile and satellite communication systems, etc. “E-court” involves the use of information and communication technologies in the process of implementing procedural legislation. The novelties of the judicial system are aimed at expanding accessibility of justice in conditions of territorial peculiarities of the Ukrainian state, improving the quality of the process and efficiency, and achieving transparency and openness in the judicial system.

Theoretical substantiation and development of ecologically friendly farming system in Ukraine

Intensive farming has caused soil degradation, including the loss of humus, soil structure breakdown, compaction, and a decrease in both potential and effective fertility. Therefore, research into farming systems is highly relevant. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to scientifically substantiate, develop, and implement an ecologically friendly modern farming system under Ukrainian conditions. The primary methods used to determine the effectiveness of various farming systems and ensure the accuracy and reliability of experimental data were field, laboratory, and statistical methods. The study substantiated that an industrial farming system with the input of approximately 12.0 tonnes per hectare of crop rotation area of organic matter (8.0 tonnes per hectare of manure and 4.0 tonnes per hectare of plant residues) produces about 0.81 tonnes per hectare of humus, although 1.33 tonnes per hectare of it is mineralised, leading to a negative humus balance in the soil. The output of grain units in this system is 8.21 tonnes per hectare, feed units – 9.63, and digestible protein – 0.86 tonnes per hectare, with stability at 91.2% and profitability at 88.0%. The organic farming system, which includes the use of 24 tonnes per hectare of organic fertilisers and biological products to control weeds, diseases, and pests in agrocenoses, does not ensure a positive humus balance in the soil (-0.14 tonnes per hectare) and has significantly lower productivity. The no-till system, which involves the application of 12 tonnes per hectare of organic fertilisers in the form of root and stubble residues, by-products of crop production, and mineral fertilisers during sowing and foliar feeding, ensures a positive humus balance (+0.12 tonnes per hectare) but has productivity levels comparable to the organic system. The ecological system provides stable, economically viable, and resource-adequate productivity of arable land, enhances the quality indicators of products, and preserves and restores soil fertility. It increased the output of grain units by 8.9%, feed units by 7.2%, and digestible protein by 8.1%, ensuring high stability at 94.1% and an increase in production profitability by 8.5% compared to the control. The materials in this study are of practical value for agricultural enterprises of various ownership forms and will serve as technological guidelines for the implementation of modern, ecologically safe, economically and energetically justified agricultural production

РОЗРОБКА СИСТЕМИ КЕРУВАННЯ КРОКОВИМ ДВИГУНОМ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ ЛІНІЇ

Stepper motors have long been successfully used in a variety of industrial and special equipment. The advantage of stepper motors is that a high degree of motion control can be achieved. Stepper motors are controlled using microprocessor systems. However, in this case, the stepper motor is controlled by the program loaded into the microcontroller. There is often a need to dynamically change the operation parameters of the stepper motor - speed of rotation, direction and magnitude of the angle of rotation, etc. The work is devoted to the development of the stepper motor control system of the educational transport line, implemented at the Department of Automation of Production Processes of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology. The system allows you to dynamically change system parameters using either a personal computer (PC) by sending the appropriate commands to the system via the COM port, or by using a tablet by sending the appropriate commands to the system via Bluetooth. Such a system can be used both in the educational process to practice standard stepper motor control techniques and microcontroller programming skills, and in industrial systems that require high-precision mechanism position control.

The fourth generation of human rights: European standards and national experience

The generational classification of human rights is a vital and necessary instrument for examining the development of legal paradigms. This approach facilitates a deeper understanding of the evolution of notions and theories within the domain of human rights, while also pinpointing key differences among different stages of this evolution. Giving particular generations rights enables us to monitor how society adopts and acknowledges novel facets of legal consciousness and assurances. The authors utilize various scientific methods, including analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction, as well as historical and legal, formal legal, comparative legal methods to examine the fourth generation of human rights. The article aims to investigate the nature of these rights, pinpoint the particular rights of this age, and examine European norms pertaining to these rights. The paper also attempts to evaluate the chances for these rights’ legislative realization in Ukraine, both now and in the future. The article’s conclusions and suggestions are intended to serve as a theoretical and methodological foundation for legislation that will enhance the political and legal framework of the Ukrainian State. This is particularly true for programs aimed at addressing the deficiencies in the area of somatic human rights protection and ensuring at the national level.

Builder of the Ukrainian State Beyond the Carpathians (To the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Avhustyn Voloshyn and the 85th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence of Carpathian Ukraine)

Builder of the Ukrainian State Beyond the Carpathians (To the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Avhustyn Voloshyn and the 85th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence of Carpathian Ukraine)

V ALL-UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION «PERSONALITY IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN SOCIETY»

In recent years, we have openly declared our move away from the Soviet legacy in the educational sphere. And today it is important to offer interesting practice-oriented classes to the participants of the educational process that would not push a person away from the learning process, but rather encourage them to actively immerse themselves in it. After all, the high-tech world has long recognized the special importance of science and knowledge in the civilization processes of scientific and technological progress, sustainable development of national economies, and improvement of citizens' lives. The modern interactive and meaningful educational environment has a positive impact on all participants in the educational process, from children who become more confident, curious and open-minded to adults who do not stop but continue to improve and develop professionally. Despite the fact that today Ukraine is experiencing military actions of the occupier, more than a hundred destroyed and damaged schools and higher education institutions, we must lay a stable foundation for democracy, civic engagement and professional environment of people who will continue to build the Ukrainian state. Education and science predict the prospects for human development and prepare people for tomorrow, so we must start today to form conscious citizens who will rebuild the country after our victory. We are active participants in reforms in secondary education under the New Ukrainian School Concept and transformations in higher education, which are focused on the future of Ukraine and a democratic society. Therefore, the entire education system of the region and the country is balanced and focused on the optimal network of educational institutions, on improving the content and quality of educational services, which will outline new dimensions of educational activities and performance, and provide space for the use of new digital resources for the educational development of the individual. In these areas, we find the experience of European national models of education, practices of educational activities and teaching life competencies quite interesting. 16 Ukrainian science and education is gaining unique European integration experience that promotes the use of innovative pedagogical teaching methods, the development of algorithms for using digital technologies and supporting individual entrepreneurial thinking, and the development of personal language skills as a means of active communication and professional development. All of this is done to expand educational opportunities for students' learning and development. In the above contexts, the question arises: is a new strategy in the field of education and science needed? We can confidently answer that we need a strategic plan and, in general, we need to fully adopt European principles of strategic planning - to actively fill them with new principles, plans and results of the education reform. Everything is aimed at developing and building the state and a person.

Historical and legal aspects of state formation in Ukraine (XVII–XIX centuries)

The article spectrally examines the problems of Ukrainian state-building in extremely difficult periods for Ukraine, namely the times of the destruction of the Hetmanship by the Russian tsars, the introduction of strict bans for the Ukrainian population regarding the use of the Ukrainian language and any manifestations of the Ukrainian national idea. The historical influence of the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654 on the further development of Ukraine is analyzed, as well as a historical and legal assessment of the agreements concluded by the Ukrainian hetmans with the tsarist authorities of Russia regarding the accession of Ukraine to the empire is presented from the standpoint of modernity. The historical significance of the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk of 1710 is highlighted, the provisions of this document regarding general approaches to building the Ukrainian state are analyzed. A historical and legal assessment of the activities of the Cossack elders’ collaborators, who by their actions contributed to the decline of national activity in the areas of strengthening Ukrainian statehood, is presented.
 Some aspects of the participation of the Ukrainian intelligentsia and youth organizations in measures to counter the inculcation of Russian traditions and orders in all spheres of life of the Ukrainian people have been studied. Approaches to understanding the essence and direction of processes related to the organization of disobedience to the total Russification of the Ukrainian population are summarized on the basis of the elaborated scientific work of Ukrainian scientists and politicians of various historical periods.
 The historical significance of Turkey’s influence on the formation of Ukrainian statehood is analyzed (it concerns the events of 1669 and 1711, when with the help of Turkey, Russia and Poland were forced to recognize the independence of the Ukrainian state).
 The author’s comment on the cited quotations of scientists is presented, judgments are expressed regarding the effectiveness of participation in the processes of liberating Ukraine from the expansionist actions of the Russian Tsar in a sufficiently long historical period.

Historical and legal prerequisites for the introduction of the institute of recovery of assets of sanctioned persons by the decision of The High Anti-Corruption Court into the state revenue

The article highlights the historical and legal prerequisites for the introduction of the institution of recovery of assets of sanctioned persons by the decision of the High Anti-Corruption Court into the state revenue.
 It is stated that there is an urgent need to develop effective mechanisms to counteract the armed aggression of the russian federation, to take effective, including non-military, measures by introducing new legal institutions aimed at protecting national interests, taking measures to stop the armed aggression and further restore the Ukrainian state.
 It is established that one of such legal institutes is the application by the High Anti-Corruption Court of a sanction in the form of recovery of assets of sanctioned persons into the State revenue, which was regulated in Ukrainian legislation only in May 2022, and therefore requires a thorough study in general and the historical background which formed the basis for the introduction of this institute in particular, with a view to improving the efficiency of its implementation.
 It is concluded that the introduction of the legal institute assets of sanctioned persons into the State revenue was historically conditioned by the need for an immediate and effective response to existing and potential threats to the national interests and national security of Ukraine.
 It is identified the stages of formation of historical and legal prerequisites for the introduction of the institute assets of sanctioned persons into the State revenue. Prospects for further scientific research in the field of the studied issues are determined.

Українсько- польські взаємини у завершальний період Української національної революції 1917-1921 рр. у візії Андрія Лівицького

The purpose of the research is to shed light on the Ukrainian-Polish relations during the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1919-1920 in the vision of Andrii Livytskyi. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and systematicity, which, when applying a concrete-historical approach, allows to significantly deepen the knowledge about the foreign policy and diplomacy of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, in particular, regarding the regulation of relations with the restored Polish state. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, based on the work of domestic historians, the published documents, and the involvement of new archival sources, an attempt was made to comprehensively investigate the process of implementing the state course of the Ukrainian authorities on the settlement of relations with the Second Polish Republic. Conclusions. The Ukrainian People’s Republic authorities were clearly aware of the need to establish relations with Poland, without which it would not be possible to win Ukrainian statehood. Therefore, one of the directions of the foreign policy of the power structures was the building of relations with the restored Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the origins of this process stood Chief Ataman S. Petliura, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People’s Ministers and head of the diplomatic mission of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in Poland A. Livytskyi, Chief Plenipotentiary of the Government of the Ukrainian People’s Republic I. Ohienko, as well as authoritative public figures and representatives of various Ukrainian political parties. Despite all the difficulties of a military, political, and socio-economic nature, the state leadership tried to comply with the established terms of the agreement to the extent of their limited capabilities. A. Livytskyi’s visions give us the opportunity to reveal the content of the negotiations with the Polish state in 1919-1920 and to trace Ukrainian-Polish relations during the period of the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917-1921. In many of his letters, A. Livytskyi emphasized that on the political horizon of Europe, large and important events in which Ukrainians should take an active part and as a result of which major changes should take place in Ukraine. These visions of Livytskyi help us to better understand his views on Ukrainian-Polish relations and the role of Ukraine in the international arena during the revolution of 1917-1921.

Regarding the implementation of foreign psychotherapeutic approaches in the mental health protection system of the population of Ukraine in conditions of war

Background. The work is devoted to the problem of preserving the mental health of the population of Ukraine. The emergence of stress-related mental disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, leads to a negative effect on families and communities, problems of mutual understanding, support and recovery. Against this background, there is no doubt about the need to implement the experience of Western colleagues in the mental health care system at all levels of care provision. The purpose of the work is to update the issue of the implementation of foreign psychotherapeutic approaches in the system of mental health care of the population of Ukraine in the conditions of war. Materials and methods. On the basis of the analysis of literary sources and information resources, a modern overview of the problem of introducing modern psychotherapeutic directions into the system of mental health protection of the population in wartime conditions was obtained. Discussion. An analytical review of pathogenetic prerequisites for the implementation of the experience of Western doctors in rehabilitation measures and psychological support measures was carried out. Implementation of strategies aimed at preventing mental illness through education, stress reduction, and development of psychosocial support can help reduce the prevalence of risk factors for the development of mental health problems. Justification of the implementation of Western experience is important for improving the provision of assistance in the mental health system in Ukraine, which will meet modern standards and take into account the peculiarities of Ukrainian culture and society.At the same time, ensuring effective rehabilitation for victims is an act of recognition of their dignity and rights to a full life. Conclusions. At the current stage, Western health care systems emphasize the prevention of mental illnesses through education, stress reduction, and the development of psychosocial support. Implementing these strategies can help reduce the prevalence of risk factors for developing mental health problems. The ability to integrate mental health care into the general medical context is a priority, as it can improve detection of mental illness, provide a comprehensive approach to treatment, and reduce stigmatisation in the society. Focusing on the scientific basis is a priority, because the proven base of Western approaches to the issue of maintaining mental health is based on scientific research and effective methods.