Ascites Type Research Articles

SF-1771, a new antibiotic related to bleomycin.

A new antibiotic, substance SF-1771, has been isolated for the fermentation broth of Streptomyces toyocaensis SF-1771. The antibiotic is highly active against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and effective against sarcoma 180 cells of ascites type in mice. It belonged to the phleomycin-bleomycin group antibiotics, but has been differentiated from the known antibiotics by the physiochemical properties, chromatographic behaviors and amino acid analysis.

Cross-immunity among allogeneic tumors in rats immunized with gamma-irradiated ascites tumors.

Non-inbred rats of the Gifu strain were intraperitoneally challenged with Hirosaki sarcoma (tetraploid type, 10(5) cells) after repeated immunization with gamma-irradiated (13,000 rads 60Co) allogeneic non-viral tumors of ascites type (tetraploid or diploid type of Hirosaki sarcoma, Usubuchi sarcoma or AH130). In rats immunized not only with the same tumor as the immunizing tumor but also with a different tumor, the growth of the challenge tumor was markedly inhibited as compared with the control in non-immunized rats. It is considered that these tumors retained common antigen(s) by the resistance to irradiation because of their form of ascites tumor. The marked cross-immunity in rats immunized with AH130 may be explained by the fact that gamma-irradiated AH130 cells were alive longer in the peritoneal cavity than other tumors on account of its high resistance to irradiation.

A viscous antitumor substance obtained from a marine bacterium No. 9-12.

Amarine bacterium NO.9-12, isolated from sea water, produced an extracellular viscous substance in sea water medium. The viscous substance was precipitated from the fermentation broth with acetone, extracted with M/100 EDTA and lyophilized after dialysis against water. The substance thus obtained exhibited antitumor activity for mouse sarcoma-180 (ascites type). Upon intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/Kg/day ×5 and 5 mg/Kg/day ×5 of this substance, the growth of mouse ascites carcinoma was inhibited 84.4% and 87.2%, respectively. Chemical analysis showed that the substance contained 25.8%C, 4.2%H, 6.1%N, and 27.3% ash. The homogeneity of the crude extract was determined by colume chromatography on Sephadex G-75, Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose 6B, The data suggested that the polysaccharide was separated from the protein moiety and that the polysaccharide was heterogenous.

The inhibitors of substrate-incorporation in tumor cells. III. An investigation on the biological activities of renastacarcin.

The purified sample of renastacarcin was tested against various kinds of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, yeast and fungi. As a result, it was concluded that this compounds was almost devoid of antimicrobial activity even at a concentration of 200 mcg/ml. However, renastacarcin showed a significant antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo against ascitic type of Ehrlich carcinoma and Sarcoma 180 in mice. When the tumor cells were incubated with renastacarcin, the lysis of cell membrane and subsequent leakage of the cellular contents were observed by means of the optical and microscopical method.The LD50 values of renastacarcin in mice were observed to be 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and 23.5 mg/kg intervenously.

イカ甲骨の抗しゅよう性物質 Ｉ 試料の調製と抗しゅよう活性

The internal shell of squid was extracted with hot M/100 EDTA after washings with acetone and hot water. The crude extract was obtained by dialysing the EDTA extract against water followed by freeze-drying. The crude extract exhibited antitumor activity for mouse sarcoma-180 (ascites type). Upon intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg/day×5 and 50mg/kg/day×5 of this material, the growth of mouse ascites carcinoma was inhibited by 43.7 per cent and 55.1 per cent respectively. The homogeneity of the crude extract was determined by column chromato-graphy on CPG10-170 and Sephadex G-200. The data suggested that the polysaccharide was separated from the protein and that both the polysaccharide and the protein were heterogenous. Chemical analysis showed that the crude extract contained 6.2 per cent N, 17.2 per cent sugar, 45.3 per cent protein, and 20.5 per cent ash.

Human salivary immunoglobulin A. Some immunological and physicochemical characteristics

Human ascitic and salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) were isolated and compared for their immunological and physicochemical properties. Salivary IgA, with a sedimentation coefficient of 11.0 S, had a molecular weight of 390 000; it consisted of two molecules of ascitic type IgA (mol. wt. 170 000) bound to one molecule of secretory piece (mol. wt. 50 000). Reduction and alkylation (pH 8.2) split the salivary IgA into fragments corresponding to ascitic IgA molecules and a secretory piece. Reduction and alkylation (pH 8.2) split a portion of ascitic IgA into fragments of a molecular weight of about 60 000 of which some corresponded to heavy chains and others to dimers of L chains. Treatment with urea or guanidine dissociated the salivary IgA into two fragments of about the same molecular weight; the first corresponded to ascitic type IgA, the second to molecules formed by two α-chains bound to the secretory piece. The secretory piece, isolated by reduction and alkylation, had an electrophoretic mobility faster than that of salivary IgA. It possessed no antigenic determinants common to L chains but only determinants specific for secretions.

Antitumor activity of thiosugars

Sugar derivatives containing sulfur were screened for antitumor activity by using the ascites and solid type of Ehrlich carcinoma cells. The method is based on our previous report.9)β-D-Xylopyranosyl ethylxanthate (I) and β-D-mannopyranosyl ethylxanthate (II) showed a marked antitumor effect on ascites type of Ehrlich carcinoma cells. Some discussions are given about the position or sulfur in these sugars in view of their antitumor activity.

CHROMOSOMAL ALTERATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF TUMORS XIII. KARYOTYPIC DIFFERENCE IN SOLID AND ASCITES TYPE TUMORS OF MOUSE PLASMA CELL NEOPLASM X5563, WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO THE SERUM ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN OF GAMMA GLOBULIN

The karyotypes of original solid and transformed ascites type tumors of plasma cell neoplasm X5563 were compared with special regard to the electrophoretic serum pattern of mice bearing these tumors. Both lines were characterized by a wide tetraploid range of chromosome number variation. The chromosome number in stemline cells was 84 in both solid and ascites lines, but their karyotypes were different. The solid form had one submedian metacentric (SM) and one subtelocentric (ST) chromosome as markers, and the latter had two SM-, one ST- and one minute (m). The electrophoretic pattern of γ-globulin found in mice bearing solid and ascites tumor was similar. The observed stability of γ-globulin was discussed in relation to the tetraploidy ofthe neoplasms.

4,6-Dinitroquinoline 1-Oxideの抗ガン性

4, 6-Dinitroquinoline 1-oxide was tested for antitumor activity using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and S-180 in ascites as well as solid type.The effect is remarkable in the case of ascites type, both for Ehrlich and S-180, showing 100% longevity in 30 days in a dose of 100γ/mouse/day (5mg./kg./day) for Ehrlich, 300γ/mouse/day (15mg./kg./day) for S-180. The chronic LD50 is 150mg./kg. for mice, and the chemotherapeutic index is 30. Toxicity for rats and dogs was also tested.A synergestic effect was found when 4, 6-dinitroquinoline 1-oxide was given together with a sub-effective dose of Mitomycin-C and INAH to the solid type of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (Table VI and Fig. 6).

Studio dei vari tipi cellulari e delle curve mitotiche, riscontrabili durante l’intero sviluppo del carcinoma di, Ehrlich in forma ascitica sia in animali, irradiati che in non irradiati

The various cell types and the mitotic curves of the Ehrlich carcinoma of the ascitic type were investigated during the entire tumor development in irradiated and nonirradiated implanted mice. The various cell types (small, medium, and polynuclear giant cells), their percentage variations, and their mitotic curves are studied, and their significance is discussed in detail.

On the transformation of Walker carcinosarcoma 256 into an ascitic form in the rat

Starting from ascites fluid from rats bearing intraperitoneal solid tumour, the ascites type of 256 Walker carcinosarcoma was obtained and steadily maintained. A varying latency period in the ascites development and a highly variable taking percentage has been demonstrated in the tested strain. On the other hand, the number of neoplastic cells contained in 1 ml ascites fluid was found to be constant and high (4 to 6 millions/ml.).

Experimental research on neoplastic metastatic spread by hematic route

Albino rats were intravenously injected with the ascites type of 256 Walker carcinosarcoma. It was observed that neoplastic cells pass through the pulmonary filter and may be isolated from the arterial blood. Most animals, however, showed lung metastases; the 20 per cent had metastases to kidneys, adrenals and spleen, occasionally without pulmonary localization. The liver was always found to be free from metastases. Even in those cases without macroscopical involvement of spleen, lungs, liver and kidneys, the intraperitoneal transplantation of fragments of such organs into healthy animals induced solid Walker tumours. The site of metastases was not modified by panirradiation and by hormonal treatment. Results are discussed and the conclusion is drawn that the mechanical Walther's theory does not settle the true problem of the metastatization which concerns the development of the tumour cells rather than their spread in the various organs.

Local factors in the pathogenesis and course of experimental ascites.

The evolution of the ascites of hepatic venous congestion was studied in dogs, following constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava. Ascites developed in accordance with measurable changes in the transmembrane forces responsible for the net flux of fluid between extracellular fluid compartments. On the other hand, the volume of ascitic fluid could be modified with infinitesimal changes in transcompartmental pressure gradient. Although increased venous pressure appears to be the initial factor in the formation of the ascites of hepatic venous congestion, a most important factor is the permeability of the liver capsule which is stressed by elevated transmural pressure. Transudation of liver tissue fluid results. In this type of ascites, indirect calculations of the effective portal or mesenteric capillary pressure from the colloidal osmotic pressure difference between blood plasma and ascitic fluid, in accordance with the Starling equilibrium equation, are quite erroneous. Paradoxically, the ascites of venous congestion of the liver may disappear spontaneously, in spite of no reduction in the degree of hepatic venous hypertension, because of fibrosis of the liver capsule which reduces its permeability to water crystalloid and colloid. Submitted on May 19, 1958

Chromosomenbestand und-morphologie der Zellen des Ehrlich-und des MCa1-Ascitestumors der Maus

Our investigations on the karyological behaviour of our Ehrlich ascites tumour and the ascites type of the MCal tumour showed characteristic differences. 92 per cent of the cells from the Ehrlich ascites tumour were almost diploid (36–46 chromosomes) and 8 per cent were about tetraploid (78–87 chromosomes). A complex of 42 chromosomes was present in the main number of the diploid tumour cells. On the other hand the cells in the MCal ascites tumour contained chiefly hypodiploid sets of chromosomes with a maximum of 36, and a variation from 34–44 chromosomes. Tetraploid complexes of chromosomes were found in 12 per cent of the MCal tumour cells. The chromosome number ranged here from 70–80 with a maximum of 72. In the two ascites tumours we saw atypically formed chromosomes of 3 different types: 1. chromosomes with an achromatic gap near the middle of the chromosome body (type A), 2. straight chromosomes with a median centromer (type B), and 3. V-shaped chromosomes with a median centromer. In the MCal ascites tumour the number of these atypical chromosomes was considerably greater than in the Ehrlich ascites tumour.

PROTEIN METABOLISM AND EXCHANGE AS INFLUENCED BY CONSTRICTION OF THE VENA CAVA

Constriction of inferior vena cava above the diaphragm is used to produce experimental ascites in the dog. This type of experimental ascites drains the body protein reserves, reduces the level of circulating plasma proteins, and in effect is an internal plasmapheresis. As the ascitic fluid is withdrawn and the proteins measured, we observe a production of ascitic protein (80-90 gm. per week) comparable to that removed by plasmapheresis (bleeding and replacement of red cells in saline). High protein diet tends to decrease the ascites but the protein content of the ascitic fluid may increase. Sodium chloride increases notably the volume of the ascites which accumulates and the total ascitic protein output increases. Sodium-free salt mixtures have a negative influence. High protein diet low in sodium salts gives minimal ascitic accumulation under these conditions. The question of circulation of the ascitic fluid is raised-how rapid is the absorption and the related accumulation?