Energy Trends Research Articles

Energy demand and carbon emission analyses of a solar-driven domestic regional environment mobile robot as household auxiliary heating and cooling method

Under the trend of energy saving and carbon reduction, reducing household energy consumption, which is an important part of social energy consumption, has become a hot topic. In order to solve the problem of mismatch between supply and demand of household environment control systems as well as to better meet the individual needs of users, we innovatively designed a solar-driven domestic regional environment mobile robot as auxiliary heating and cooling method. In this paper, a simplified thermal network analysis of the thermal conditions of a dwelling is utilized to calculate the energy saving and carbon reduction potential on summer and winter reference days in Beijing and Guangzhou, China. The simulation results show that the system has good energy saving potential and carbon reduction effect. In particular, the single-day energy saving potential of the system on winter days in Beijing reaches to 583.6 kWh compared to the traditional method. Under the power supply mode, the single-day carbon reduction can reach 462 kg CO2 on winter days in Guangzhou, and it can reach 333.2 kg CO2 on summer days in Beijing. We also discuss the effect of regional space size and clothing thermal resistance. As the local space size and the clothing thermal resistance increases, the energy saving potential and carbon reduction benefits of the system decrease, but the overall impact is small. The proposed mobile robot following in the vicinity of home inhabitants to help maintain their thermal comfort, can improve the efficiency of dwellings heating and cooling systems and utilize the limited solar energy resources in family area.

From Tweets to Energy Trends (TwEn): An exploratory framework for machine learning-based forecasting of urban-scale energy behavior leveraging social media data

Understanding energy behavior is crucial in addressing climate change, yet the accuracy of energy predictions is often limited by reliance on oversimplified occupancy data. This study develops an exploratory framework, from Tweets to Energy Trends (TwEn), leveraging machine learning and geo-tagged social media data to investigate the social dynamics of urban energy behavior. TwEn explores the relationship between social media interactions, specifically the frequency of tweets using data from the X Platform, and energy use patterns on an hourly basis. Employing various machine learning models, including artificial neural networks (ANN), decision tree (DTREE), random forest (RDF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM), the study evaluates their efficiency in both static and time-series forecasting of energy use trends and investigates the capability of social media data in predicting urban energy patterns. In addition, the study carries out a series of sensitivity analyses to provide an examination of the data and models. Furthermore, comprehensive data acquisition methods are developed and implemented. Tested on New York City using actual hourly electricity consumption data, the framework demonstrates significant predictive power of tweet frequency on urban electricity use. The framework also exhibits significant seasonality in X data, identifying patterns and trends that can inform time series urban building energy models (UBEM). The results offer new insights into the determinants of urban energy behavior and provide crucial perspectives for augmenting UBEMs, ensuring they are closely aligned with the complex social dynamics of contemporary urban environments. By integrating both digital and physical data, this study sheds light on urban energy behavior, supporting the formulation of effective and sustainable energy policies for urban futures.

Description of moment of inertia and the interplay between anti-pairing and pairing correlations in 244Pu and 248Cm* *Xiao-Tao He Supported by the the National Key R and D Program of China (2023YFA1606503)

A variable moment of inertia (VMI) inspired interacting boson model (IBM), which includes many-body interactions and a perturbation possessing (5) (or (5)) symmetry, is used to investigate the rotational bands of the mass region. A novel modification is introduced, extending the Arima coefficient to the third order. This study is dedicated to the quantitative analysis of evolving trends in intraband γ-transition energy as well as the kinematic and dynamic moments of inertia (MoIs) within the rotational bands of Pu and Cm. The computed outcomes exhibit an exceptional degree of agreement with experimental observations across various conditions. The significance of including a higher-order Arima coefficient is further examined by contrasting it with the previously proposed model. The calculated results demonstrate the significance of both the anti-pairing and pairing effects in the evolution of the dynamic MoI. Additionally, these insights reveal the importance of a newly introduced parameter in accurately depicting complex nuclear behaviors, such as back-bending, up-bending, and downturn in the MoI.

A statistical model of solar radiation absorption in the United States

The transitivity of solar radiation in the atmosphere varies greatly depending on location, time of day, earth-to-sun distance, angle of incidence, and other variables. Solar radiation has an impact on climate change and can be used as energy. So, its modelling will help plan and design policies for climate change and the sustainable use of energy. This study aimed to investigate solar energy patterns and trends on the Earth’s surface via solar radiation absorption by cloud cover. Data on solar radiation absorption from 133 stations between the years 1998 and 2020 across the United States were downloaded from the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) website. A linear regression model was used to model solar absorption by cloud and factor analysis was used to group the regions by reducing the spatial correlation of solar radiation absorption. After that, a multivariate regression model was utilized to investigate average changes. There were seven regions obtained from factor analysis. All regions showed a seasonal pattern, with the peak in December to January and the lowest level in June to July. The north, north-east, or south-east of the country experienced an increase in solar radiation absorption, while the north-west, central, and south of the country experienced a decrease. The overall average absorption increased by 0.015%. The patterns and trends of solar radiation by location and time help climate scientists make better decisions. It is also useful to manage renewable energy sources, which will lead policymakers to make better policies.

Novel composite structures based on cobalt phthalocyanine/graphene oxide: Identification of potential drug candidates to treat Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes

This study produced novel cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) (2) and its graphene oxide (GO) composites (2a-2f) and examined their impact on several metabolic enzymes, including α-glycosidase (α-Gly), achetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). IC50 values showed that when compared to conventional inhibitors, all the compounds demonstrated strong inhibitory effects against all targets. The ranges for the Ki values of the compounds containing the AChE, BChE, and α-glycosidase enzymes were 26.15 ± 3.85–48.26 ± 7.43, 5.46 ± 0.57–10.68 ± 0.78, and 2.20 ± 0.11–22.41 ± 2.60 nM, in that order. In addition, pharmacodynamic studies, the model form of new CoPc/GO composites, their structural orientations in the active sites of AChE, BChE and α-Gly enzymes, respectively, their binding interaction mechanism, and even their drug potential were investigated. The relevant compound (CoPc/GO) shows a binding energy trend of −12.40, −12.30 and −12.10 kcal/mol to α-Gly, AChE and BChE enzymes, respectively. In addition, it was determined that the compounds exhibited cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer cells. After more than 20 years of usage, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are still a crucial component of the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In multiple multicenter, well-controlled trials, only ChEIs have consistently demonstrated efficacy against AD; as a result, they have been widely approved by national regulatory authorities. Even if there have been a lot of ChEI discoveries recently, drug discovery is a continuous process that involves looking for novel strategies and chemotypes.

Research on the Influence of Temperature on the Assessment of Coal and Gas Outburst Dynamic Risk in Deep Mining

To ensure the sustainable development of energy supply, there is a continuous increase in demand for deep coal mining, making safe and efficient extraction a crucial area of research. However, with the increasing depth, rising ground temperatures pose new challenges for safe and sustainable mining operations. Among these challenges, coal and gas outburst dynamic hazards stand out as significant issues. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the impact of temperature variations on coal and gas outburst disaster prevention and control. To investigate this effect, we conducted an analysis based on outburst-triggering mechanisms and adsorption–desorption processes. Temperature was considered as the primary controlled variable, while gas expansion energy served as the criterion for assessing outburst hazards. Kilometer-deep coal samples were selected for measurement, focusing on indicators such as Langmuir adsorption constants (a,b), gas content (Q), gas pressure (P) and drilling cutting desorption indices (K1, Δh2). The results indicate that, under the same gas pressure, there is a slight decreasing trend in gas expansion energy with increasing temperature, although the overall change is minimal. Hence, the sole influence of temperature on the gas’s ability to perform work during outbursts is limited. Temperature exerts varying degrees of influence on gas parameters such as gas content and drill cutting desorption indices. The fluctuation amplitudes of these indicators range from large to small in the following order: Δh2 > ΔP > Q > K1 > P. Additionally, their correlation with gas expansion energy decreases in the following order: P > Q > Δh2 > K1 > ΔP. Thus, the influence of temperature on the indicators used in various prediction methods exhibits inconsistency, emphasizing the importance of considering temperature effects on predicted values. Gas pressure emerges as the optimal indicator for outburst determination, while gas content and drill cutting desorption indices are preferable as predictive indicators. These results will provide valuable references for the sustainable and safe development, risk assessment and prediction of deep coal mining.

Herding behaviour surrounding the Russo–Ukraine war and COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from energy, metal, livestock and grain commodities

PurposeThis study examines herding behaviour in commodity markets amid two major global upheavals: the Russo–Ukraine conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachBy analysing 18 commodity futures worldwide, the study examines herding trends in metals, livestock, energy and grains sectors. The applied methodology combines static and dynamic approaches by incorporating cross-sectional absolute deviations (CSAD) and a time-varying parameter (TVP) regression model extended by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling to adequately reflect the complexity of herding behaviour in different market scenarios.FindingsOur results show clear differences in herd behaviour during these crises. The Russia–Ukraine war led to relatively subdued herding behaviour in commodities, suggesting a limited impact of geopolitical turmoil on collective market behaviour. In stark contrast, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic significantly amplified herding behaviour, particularly in the energy and livestock sectors.Originality/valueThis discrepancy emphasises the different impact of a health crisis versus a geopolitical conflict on market dynamics. This study makes an important contribution to the existing literature as it is one of the first studies to contrast herding behaviour in commodity markets during these two crises. Our results show that not all crises produce comparable market reactions, which underlines the importance of the crisis context when analysing financial market behaviour.

Why •CF2H is nucleophilic but •CF3 is electrophilic in reactions with heterocycles

Radical substitution is a useful method to functionalize heterocycles, as in the venerable Minisci reaction. Empirically observed regiochemistries indicate that the CF2H radical has a nucleophilic character similar to alkyl radicals, but the CF3 radical is electrophilic. While the difference between •CH3 and •CF3 is well understood, the reason that one and two Fs make little difference but the third has a large effect is puzzling. DFT calculations with M06-2X both reproduce experimental selectivities and also lead to an explanation of this difference. Theoretical methods reveal how the F inductive withdrawal and conjugative donation alter radical properties, but only CF3 becomes decidedly electrophilic toward heterocycles. Here, we show a simple model to explain the radical orbital energy trends and resulting nucleophilicity or electrophilicity of fluorinated radicals.

A review of evolving climate and energy economy trends to enhance the dynamic life cycle assessment of buildings

The changing global climate is impacting life cycle effects of all sectors, including the building sector. To effectively decrease the construction sector's 40 % share of global annual energy use and carbon emissions, it's crucial to integrate these changes into life cycle assessments (LCA) to inform current and future energy policies, since buildings have lifespans exceeding 100 years. Current research lacks methods and data to embed future weather and energy shifts into LCA. This paper quantifies these future changes and discusses their integration into building LCA. Using industry reports and scholarly articles, we calculated global energy trends and weather patterns for 2030, 2050, and 2080. The projected energy use changes across United States economic sectors were also analyzed. Projections indicate a 41–59 % decline in fossil fuel use by 2050, with renewable energy increasing from 11 % to 41 %. Concurrently, global temperatures may rise by 2–5 °C, signaling major weather shifts. These shifts will translate into an economy-wide energy intensity decrease, showing an expected drop of 8 %. A Dynamic LCA (DLCA) framework is also discussed to include these shifts into LCA, to help not only researchers and practitioners involved in the LCA of buildings but also energy policy makers in effectively mitigating climate change.

Prospects and Challenges of Renewable Energy in Ethiopia With Special Focus on Trends and Practices

This study aimed to explore the prospects and challenges of Renewable Energy in Ethiopia with a special focus on trends and practices. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach to understand the underlying problems of the topic holistically. The targets of the study included the Ministry of Water and Energy, the Ethiopian Energy Authority, the Ethiopia Water Technology Institute, and Ethiopian Solar Development Associations, which are responsible for leading the Renewable Energy sector of the country. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from sample respondents with rich experiences and exposure to Ethiopia's renewable energy sector's practices and trends through an in-depth interview, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and document analysis of Renewable energy policy and strategy and Energy policy documents. The data were analyzed using thematic approaches. The findings revealed that Renewable Energy in Ethiopia has suffered from a lack of infrastructure and investment in renewable energy projects, technical and financial constraints in developing renewable energy technologies, regulatory and policy barriers, limited access to financing, and Intermittent nature of some renewable energy sources and challenges for grid integration and stability. Lack of strong and committed leadership is also a core problem in supporting the sector. Based on these findings, the researcher suggested that the leadership on renewable energy in Ethiopia needs to be characterized by a commitment to policy and regulatory framework implementations that support the sector's sustainable development. By formulating clear and supportive policies, the government seeks to create an enabling environment for renewable energy deployment, attract investment, and ensure the long-term viability of renewable energy projects. Overall, in alignment with the government's commitment to advance renewable energy concerning the country's broader development objectives and underscoring the transformative potential of clean energy in driving Ethiopia's sustainable growth and prosperity; the country’s leadership perspective on renewable energy needs to reflect a comprehensive and multifaceted approach that encompasses energy access, environmental sustainability, economic development, technological innovation, regional cooperation, affordability, and policy support.

Redox potentials in ionic liquids: Anomalous behavior?

Redox potentials depend on the nature of the solvent/electrolyte through the solvation energies of the ionic solute species. For concentrated electrolytes, ion solvation may deviate significantly from the Born model predictions due to ion pairing and correlation effects. Recently, Ghorai and Matyushov [J. Phys. Chem. B 124, 3754-3769 (2020)] predicted, on the basis of linear response theory, an anomalous trend in the solvation energies of room temperature ionic liquids, with deviations of hundreds of kJ/mol from the Born model for certain size solutes/ions. In this work, we computationally evaluate ionic solvation energies in the prototypical ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM/BF4), to further explore this behavior and benchmark several of the approximations utilized in the solvation energy predictions. For comparison, we additionally compute solvation energies within acetonitrile and molten NaCl salt to illustrate the limiting behavior of purely dipolar and ionic solvents. We find that the overscreening effect, which results from the inherent charge oscillations of the ionic liquid, is substantially reduced in magnitude due to screening from the dipoles of the molecular ions. Therefore, for the molten NaCl salt, for which the ions do not have permanent dipoles, modulation of ionic solvation energies from the overscreening effect is most significant. The conclusion is that ionic liquids do indeed exhibit unique solvation behavior due to peak(s) in the electrical susceptibility caused by the ion shell structure; redox potential shifts for BMIM/BF4 are of more modest order ∼0.1V, but may be larger for other ionic liquids that approach molten salt behavior.

“Assessing the wave power density in the Atlantic French façade from high-resolution CryoSat-2 SAR altimetry data”

The wave energy resource potential and trends are assessed in coastal areas of the Atlantic French Façade. High-resolution satellite altimetry sea state estimates (significant wave height and backscatter coefficient) are used, taking advantage of the time and spatial coverage of ESA's CryoSat-2 mission data processed with the coastal zone SAMOSA + waveform retracker algorithm. Due to this novel retracker specifically designed for challenging regions like the coastal zone, the successful measurements of the significant wave height in the coastal zone allows us to solve previously difficult coastal issues such as land and calm water interference in the altimetry footprint. The study comprises 12 years, from January 2011 to December 2022, and applies a relatively simple empirical model to estimate the wave power density. Results are analyzed by season, showing the time of the year and location where the resource is abundant and identifying potential reserves of wave power. The highest value of the mean wave power density (27.1 kW/m) over the 12 years is found in the western sector and to the south of Belle-Île-en-mer, whereas the autumn, in which sea state conditions are less harsh for the extraction activity, appears as the most favorable season for extracting the wave resource. In conclusion, according to the estimated positive trend of wave power density, the wave resource is abundant in nearshore regions of the Atlantic French Façade and promising in view of its future exploitation. The study highlights the importance of an innovative methodology and the role of satellite data in enhancing the accuracy of wave energy assessments.

Photochemical wet etching of (0 0 1) plane ß-phase Ga2O3, and its anisotropic etching behavior

The photochemical (PC) wet etching behavior of (001) plane β-phase Ga2O3(β-Ga2O3)single crystal was investigated using potassium hydroxide etchant solution under ultraviolet illumination in the temperature range of 80–95 °C. The etch rate was 1.65 nm/min at 80 °C, and increased up to 4.88 nm/min at 95 °C. The etch rate of the (001) plane β-Ga2O3shows strong temperature dependence with the activation energy of 0.798 eV. The PC wet etching characteristics of the (001) plane β-Ga2O3was compared with those of (2¯01) and (010) plane β-Ga2O3. The etch rates increased in order of the (010), (2¯01), and (001) plane, which is accordance with the increasing surface energy trend. The oval line-shaped grooves aligned along [010] direction were observed on the etched (001) plane β-Ga2O3 crystal surface after 30 min. PC wet etching at 80 °C.

System-Level Offshore Wind Energy and Hydrogen Generation Availability and Operations and Maintenance Costs

With the current trends of wind energy already playing a major part in the Scottish energy supply, the capacity of wind farms is predicted to grow exponentially and reach further depths offshore. However, a key challenge that presents itself is the integration of large producing assets into the current UK grid. One potential solution to this is green hydrogen production, which is being heavily researched in industry, with many concepts being investigated for large-scale purposes. However, the operations and maintenance (O&M) costs and availability of green hydrogen systems need to be quantified to ensure economical and technical viability, which is sparse in the available literature. The study presented in this paper investigated the availability and O&M costs of coupled wind–hydrogen systems by attempting to quantify the failure rates, repair times, repair costs and number of technicians required for key green hydrogen components. This study also utilised an O&M model created by the University of Strathclyde, which uses Monte Carlo Markov chain simulations to produce the O&M outputs. A number of assumptions were made throughout the study in relation to the O&M model inputs, and the baseline availability for the coupled wind–hydrogen system was 85.24%. Whilst the wind turbine still contributed a major part to the downtime seen in the simulations, the combined hydrogen system also contributed a significant amount, a total of 37%, which could have been due to the technology readiness levels of some the components included in the hydrogen system.

Saudi Arabia’s Journey toward a Renewable Future

Recent statistics indicate that as of 2023, the global renewable energy capacity has reached new heights, with Saudi Arabia significantly contributing to this growth through its strategic initiatives. The kingdom is particularly focusing on harnessing solar power, given its abundant sunlight, and is also exploring wind energy, leveraging its vast desert landscapes. These efforts are part of Saudi Arabia’s broader strategy to become a global leader in renewable energy. This paper provides a detailed exploration of Saudi Arabia’s ambitious journey from a fossil-fuel-dominated energy sector to a more sustainable, renewable-energy-driven future. Anchored in the broader context of global energy trends, the study emphasizes the critical shift toward renewable resources, with a particular focus on Saudi Arabia’s unique position in this global movement. Key to this transition is Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, a strategic framework that guides the country’s renewable energy policies and initiatives. A comprehensive review of these policies, including other governmental and international collaborations that support renewable energy development, is offered. The current state of renewable energy in Saudi Arabia is assessed, including an overview of existing projects and production statistics. The paper also explores emerging technologies such as energy storage systems and smart grid solutions, emphasizing their role in Saudi Arabia’s energy transition. An impact assessment is conducted to understand the environmental, economic, and social effects of this energy shift. The paper also includes a comparative analysis of other countries’ renewable energy transitions, extracting lessons and best practices applicable to the Saudi context. Strategic recommendations and reflections on Saudi Arabia’s future role in the global energy landscape are provided for stakeholders in energy policy, environmental planning, and sustainable development.

Seeing is believing: Forecasting crude oil price trend from the perspective of images

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel imaging method to forecast the daily price data of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures. We use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for future price trend prediction and obtain higher prediction accuracy than other benchmark forecasting methods. The results show that images can contain more nonlinear information, which is beneficial for energy price forecasting. Nonlinear factors also have a strong influence during drastic fluctuations in crude oil prices. In the robustness tests, we find that the image‐based CNN is the most stable approach and can be applied in various futures forecasting scenarios. In the prediction of low‐frequency models for high‐frequency data, the CNN method still retains considerable predictive power, indicating the possibility of transfer learning of our novel approach. By unleashing the power of the picture, we open up a whole new perspective for forecasting future energy trends.

Influence of Thermal Comfort on Energy Consumption for Building Occupants: The Current State of the Art

Thermal comfort is a complex issue in the built environment due to the physiological and psychological differences of each individual in a building. There is a growing worry over the environmental implications of energy use as a result of the warming of the global climate and the growth in the number of instances of extreme weather events. Many review articles have been written, but these reviews have focused on a specific aspect of occupant behavior and thermal comfort. To research the trends of thermal comfort and energy, this research adopted mixed reviews, i.e., quantitative and qualitative, to understand the state-of-the-art factors affecting the thermal comfort of occupants concerning energy, different occupant modeling approaches, functions, and limitations. The in-depth qualitative discussion provides deeper insights into the impacts of occupant behaviors, factors affecting thermal comfort, and occupant behavior modeling approaches. This study classified occupant behaviors into five categories: occupant characteristics, perceptions of the occupant, realistic behaviors, heat gain, and occupant interactions with the system. It also went further to classify the factors affecting the thermal comfort of users based on past works of literature. These include structural, environmental, and human factors. It was concluded that factors that have the most significant impact on energy are human, structural, and environmental factors, respectively. In addition, most of the occupant behavior modeling approaches that have been used in past studies have pros and cons and cannot accurately predict human behaviors because they are stochastic. Future research should be conducted on thermal comfort for different building functions by examining the varied activity intensity levels of users, especially in educational or commercial buildings. Additionally, a proper investigation should be carried out on how thermal insulation of structural members influences thermal comfort. These should be compared in two similar buildings to understand occupant behavioral actions and energy consumption.

Technology And Prospect of Hydrogen Energy

This article summarizes the development trend of the hydrogen energy industry, the technical difficulties faced by the production of hydrogen, the problems encountered in the storage and transportation of hydrogen energy, and the potential and development trend of hydrogen energy in the future application. The paper emphasizes that the hydrogen production through hydroelectrolysis and biomass resources can effectively utilize renewable resources and may solve the environmental problem of producing "gray hydrogen" in the conversion process of fossil fuels and methanol, which is in line with the concept of clean energy development. Therefore, improving the efficiency of hydrogen production and realizing its large-scale commercial production has become the focus of the current scientific research work. The core challenge of storing high-pressure gaseous hydrogen and low-temperature liquid hydrogen is to optimize container materials, develop new substances that can adsorb hydrogen, and reduce energy consumption and spending. Whether hydrogen is transmitted by compression, liquefaction, or pipeline means, the cost-effectiveness and safety issues need to be addressed urgently. In general, the large-scale use of hydrogen as an energy source still needs to overcome many difficulties.

Entropy Drives Accelerated Ion Diffusion upon Carbon Dioxide Expansion of Electrolytes.

Carbon dioxide-expanded liquids, organic solvents with high concentrations of soluble carbon dioxide (CO2) at mild pressures, have gained attention as green catalytic media due to their improved properties over traditional solvents. More recently, carbon dioxide-expanded electrolytes (CXEs) have demonstrated improved reaction rates in the electrochemical reduction of CO2, by increasing the rate of delivery of CO2 to the electrode while maintaining facile charge transport. However, recent studies indicate that the limiting behavior of CXEs at higher CO2 pressures is a decline in solution conductivity due to reduced polarity, leading to poorer charge screening and greater ion pairing. In this article, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the energetic driving forces behind the diffusive properties of an acetonitrile and tetrapropylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TPrAPF6) CXE with increasing CO2 concentration. Our results indicate that entropy drives solvent and electrolyte diffusion with increasing CO2 pressure. The activation energy of ion diffusion increases with higher concentrations of CO2, indicating that increasing the temperature may improve solution conductivity in these systems. This trend in the activation energies is traced to stronger cation-anion Coulombic interactions due to weaker solvent screening at high CO2 concentrations, suggesting that the choice of ion may provide a route to diminish this effect.

The reactivation kinetic analysis, molecular docking, and dynamics of oximes against three V-type nerve agents inhibited four human cholinesterases

Nerve agents pose significant threats to civilian and military populations. The reactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is critical in treating acute poisoning, but there is still lacking broad-spectrum reactivators, which presents a big challenge. Therefore, insights gained from the reactivation kinetic analysis and molecular docking are essential for understanding the behavior of reactivators towards intoxicated AChE. In this research, we present a systematic determination of the reactivation kinetics of three V agents-inhibited four human ChEs [(AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)) from either native or recombinant resources, namely, red blood cell (RBC) AChE, rhAChE, hBChE, rhBChE) reactivated by five standard oximes. We unveiled the effect of native and recombinant ChEs on the reactivation kinetics of V agents ex vitro, where the reactivation kinetics characteristic of Vs-inhibited BChE was reported for the first time.In terms of the inhibition type, all of the five oxime reactivators exhibited noncompetitive inhibition. The inhibition potency of these reactivators would not lead to the difference in the reactivation kinetics between native and recombinant ChE. Despite the significant differences between the native and recombinant ChEs observed in the inhibition, aging, and spontaneous reactivation kinetics, the reactivation kinetics of V agent-inhibited ChEs by oximes were less differentiated, which were supported by the ligand docking results. We also found differences in the reactivation efficiency between five reactivators and the phosphorylated enzyme, and molecular dynamic simulations can further explain from the perspectives of conformational stability, hydrogen bonding, binding free energies, and amino acid contributions. By Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations, the total binding free energy trends aligned well with the experimental kr2 values.