Translation Of Terms Research Articles

Mystical Terms in Johannes Altenstaig’s Vocabularius theologiae (1517)

This article contributes to the study of Christian mysticism in the sixteenth century by providing translations of mystical terms from Johannes Altenstaig’s Vocabularius theologiae (1517), including extasis, devotio, contemplatio, meditatio, mysticum, orare/oratio, raptus, theologia mystica, and unio. The introduction offers an overview of Altenstaig’s biography and the theological dictionary and highlights the significance of compilations, particularly those intended for student use, in reconstructing the fundamental characteristics of mystical theology on the eve of the Reformation. The notes to the translations provide a detailed analysis of the sources used by Altenstaig, suggesting the frequent use of recent compilations rather than the original classical texts.

Translation of Cultural Terms in Literary Work “Ini Banyuwangi Sri Tanjung Hidup Kembali”

This research is descriptive qualitative research entitled “Translation of Cultural Terms in Literary Work “Ini Banyuwangi Sri Tanjung Hidup Kembali-This is Banyuwangi Sri Tanjung Comes to Life”. This writing is written based on the phenomenon of difficulties in translating cultural terms in many literary works. To be able to provide good translation results, a translator must understand the culture of the source language (SL) and also the target language (TL). The aim of this research is to identify cultural terms of the literary work. This research also tries to examine the translation strategies applied to translate cultural terms in this literary works. The research method applied for this research is a documentation method with note taking technique. This research applies Newmark’s theory to identify cultural terms and also the Translation Strategy to examine the translation strategies used to translate cultural terms. The research results showed that there were thirty-two cultural terms translated from the source language (Indonesian) into the target language (English) and contained three categories of cultural terms proposed by Newmark. The categorization of cultural terms found are ecological culture, material culture, and social organization. The translation strategies applied in translating cultural terms of this literary work are found seven of eight strategies mentioned by Newmark. The dominant strategy applied is adaptation strategy, followed by word for word and literal translation strategy. The least strategy applied is idiomatic translation.

Translation Of TCM Terms From The Perspective Of Translation Memetics

As a medium of language exchange and cultural exchange, translation must pay attention to the translation quality of TCM terms in order to go to the world. From the perspective of translation memetics, this paper first analyzes the difficulties of TCM terminology translation, and on this basis, puts forward the measures and principles to improve the effect of TCM terminology translation. The purpose is to provide reference for the external translation and communication of TCM terms and improve the communication effect of TCM culture.

TRANSLATION FEATURES OF EMERGENCY TERMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Translation of emergency terms is a crucial aspect of effective communication, especially in life-threatening situations where quick and accurate understanding of information is vital. This article explores the specific features of translating emergency terms from English into Uzbek and vice versa. It focuses on the linguistic, cultural, and practical challenges involved in the process. Special attention is given to terminological equivalence, morphological structures, and the impact of different socio-linguistic contexts on the interpretation of terms in emergency-related fields such as healthcare, disaster response, and law enforcement.

The Erosion of Cultural Essence: Translating Mythical Cultural Terms in Classical Chinese Folk Novels

This paper explores the challenges and implications of translating mythical cultural terms from the Chinese classical literary work Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. Drawing on the theoretical framework of cultural loss and compensation, this study employs a comparative analysis of two selected English translations by Herbert Giles and John Minford to identify and evaluate the compensation methods used and their impact on preserving cultural essence. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive methodology, this research analyzes selected stories featuring mythical beings, focusing on the translation of specific cultural terms and the use of annotations and contextual explanations. The study examines the extent to which cultural subtleties are preserved or lost in translation, evaluating the effectiveness of compensation methods and their implications for readers’ cultural understanding. By examining the translators’ choices and their influence on the portrayal of mythical beings, the study aims to provide insights into how cultural subtleties are either preserved or eroded in the translation process. Key findings indicate that while some translations strive to maintain the original cultural essence through careful annotation and contextualization, others prioritise readability and accessibility, leading to significant cultural loss. The paper concludes with recommendations for translators and scholars to enhance cultural preservation in literary translations and suggests directions for future research. This study contributes to the broader discourse on the translation of classical Chinese literature, highlighting the importance of cultural fidelity in translating mythical beings and the role of translators in shaping cultural understanding and appreciation.

Law, Culture and Language: Challenges in Legal Term Translation from the Perspective of Comparative Legal Culture

As a cross-cultural communication activity, legal translation inevitably involves law, culture and language. The accurate translation of legal terms plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange between different legal cultures. Cultural factors, including language, legal systems, legal institutional structures and legal mindsets, have a major impact on legal translation. Failure to capture the discrepancies between different legal cultures causes errors in the translation of legal terms. To achieve optimal translation effects, translators not only need to possess a high level of language proficiency but also have a deep understanding of different legal systems and cultures. From the perspective of comparative legal culture, this paper analyzes how cultural factors influence the translation of legal terminology between Chinese and English and proposes corresponding translation strategies. When there are equivalent concepts in both the source and target legal systems, translators should employ corresponding legal equivalents in the translation. In cases where such equivalents are absent, translators may employ paraphrasing techniques or coin new terms to convey the intended meaning.

Analyzing And Assessing the Translation of Quranic Terms based on the Tridimensional Exegetic Analysis Model, salah as a Case Study

The study investigates the hypothesis that there are certain conceptual gaps between the source and target concepts and proposes a translation strategy to avoid that distortion of the intended meanings. It starts from the premise that producing a high-quality translation of Quranic concepts could be attained if the distinctive features of source and target concepts are delimited based on an onomasiological terminological approach and a tri-dimensional textual approach. The objective is to assess an equivalent of a Qur’anic term based on its conceptual match or mismatch with the source concept and to propose improved versions that meet the needs of readers of Quranic translations irrespective of their cultural backgrounds. Thus, after attaining the conceptual delimitation of the Quranic concept of salah, an analysis is conducted to check whether its features are well conveyed in the equivalent “prayer”. Salah is delimited in the Quran (intratextuality), Sunnah (intertextuality), and the historical sociocultural contexts (contextuality).

Measuring communicative health literacy – a revision of the HLS19-COM-P scale

Abstract Background Communicative health literacy (COM-HL) is important for patients being able to actively participate in communication with health care professionals, such as physicians. The HLS19-COM-P scale was developed for measuring COM-HL in the M-POHL HLS19 survey. However, two items under-discriminated according to the Rasch model and the item set did not sufficiently capture the aspect of appraising health information. Consolidating both a long and short version into a single scale was deemed appropriate. Hence, this study aimed to develop a revised version of the COM-HL scale. Methods The revision and development of new items followed a Delphi process. Items that worked well psychometrically in the six-item version of the HLS19-COM-P were kept, and new items concerning appraising information were developed. The revised version of the scale has so far been translated into nine languages (BG, CZ, DE, FR, HU, IT, NO, SK, UA). Challenging translation terms underwent multiple discussions to ensure language consistency. The interpretability of items has been explored in cognitive interviews in six countries (AT, CZ, HU, IT, SK, and UA) so far. Items that were difficult to understand were revised and tested in new interviews. The evaluation of the scale’s psychometric properties is scheduled for May and June 2024. Results The revised scale consists of eight items - two items for each of the cognitive domains of accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying health information. One item in each of these domains focuses on the interactive aspect of communication. An instruction for translation of terms that were challenging to translate has been developed. Overall, the revised HLS19-COM-P was well accepted in the cognitive interviews. Results from the quantitative testing will be presented. Conclusions The adapted HLS24-COM-P scale developed for the M-POHL Health Literacy Survey 2024-2026, is a short and conceptually sound instrument for measuring COM-HL.

Exploring ethical issues in the Chinese translation of medical terms: The convergence of translation ethics and medical ethics

This article explores the ethical aspects of translating medical terminology into English, with a particular emphasis on the joint influence of medical ethics and translation ethics. This study identified four key issues in current translation practice through the analysis of various cases from the perspective of Chestermans five kinds of translation ethics, including representation ethics, service ethics, communication ethics, norm-based ethics, and commitment ethics. The four issues involve discrimination, superstition, contempt, and overgeneralization. These issues may hinder the provision of appropriate medical services and social acceptance by fueling social stigma, public misunderstandings, and negative perceptions of diseases. This study suggests that medical translation is not only about language conversion, but also involves considerations of cultural, ethical, and social factors. This article attempts to provide practical advice for medical translators and healthcare workers by combining medical ethics with translation ethics. It suggests that future research should prioritize interdisciplinary collaboration to improve ethical standards in medical translation and promote more accurate and respectful descriptions of diseases in different cultures.

Women leaders lost in translation? A Study in Romans 16:1–16

This paper sets out a study in the text, interpretation, translation, and reception history of key terms and phrases relating to the ministry of particular women in Romans 16:1–16. It aims to show the complexity of translation and interpretation and demonstrate the importance of careful reading of the Greek text. It argues that terms and phrases relating to the women have not always been given their wider sense, thereby diminishing or denying the (leadership) roles of women in the early church. The phrases investigated are: διάκονος (v1) and προστάτις πολλῶν (v. 2) relating to Phoebe; συνεργούς (v. 3) and κοπιάω (vv. 6, 12) relating to Prisca, Mary, Tryphena, Tryphosa and Persis; Ἰουνιαν (v. 7) and ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις (v. 7) relating to Junia.

TCM-Centric Innovations in WHO's International Standard Terminologies: A Qualitative Exploration

Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is increasingly recognized worldwide as a valuable complementary and alternative medicine. To facilitate global research and collaboration in this field, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine on March 3, 2022. This international terminology translation standard, IST 2022, goes beyond conventional translation by embracing three innovative features: 1) It reflects TCM's foundational philosophy of unity and opposition, emphasizing the interconnectedness among TCM terms during translation. This approach transcends individual term translations to explore the interrelationships among them. 2) It meticulously preserves the integrity of TCM theory. It achieves this by retaining transliterations for unique TCM terms that possess distinct features, thus upholding the essence of TCM. 3) It employs innovative Xiang (Image) cognition, a concept rooted in traditional Chinese thought by helping readers grasp visual and mental imagery associated with each term. This study presents a qualitative analysis based on interviews with 11 TCM translation experts, examining their perspectives on these features and their translational preferences across IST 2007 and 2022 versions. The findings contribute to the standardization and global harmonization of TCM terminology, advocating for clarity, precision, and the advancement of TCM in the international healthcare arena.

Asynchronous Session-Based Concurrency: Deadlock-freedom in Cyclic Process Networks

We tackle the challenge of ensuring the deadlock-freedom property for message-passing processes that communicate asynchronously in cyclic process networks. Our contributions are twofold. First, we present Asynchronous Priority-based Classical Processes (APCP), a session-typed process framework that supports asynchronous communication, delegation, and recursion in cyclic process networks. Building upon the Curry-Howard correspondences between linear logic and session types, we establish essential meta-theoretical results for APCP, most notably deadlock freedom. Second, we present a new concurrent $\lambda$-calculus with asynchronous session types, dubbed LASTn. We illustrate LASTn by example and establish its meta-theoretical results; in particular, we show how to soundly transfer the deadlock-freedom guarantee from APCP. To this end, we develop a translation of terms in LASTn into processes in APCP that satisfies a strong formulation of operational correspondence.

Translation of Hmong Folklore Terms in Hmong Oral Epic “Creating Heaven and Earth” From the Perspective of Eco-Translatology

The Hmong, a Chinese ethnic minority, possess a rich cultural heritage. Due to their unique history of exile and migration, the Hmong have scant documentation of their vanishing cultural heritage. The Hmong oral epic constitutes a vital component of documenting Hmong culture. Thus, this paper delves into the translation of the Hmong Oral Epic 'Creating Heaven and Earth', focusing on folklore terms as fundamental units for analyzing Hmong culture. Eco-Translatology has the great importance in protecting the languages of Chinese ethnic minorities and enhancing the dissemination of their literature (Li, 2017). Hence, this paper examines the translation of Hmong folklore terms in the Hmong Oral Epic 'Creating Heaven and Earth' from the perspective of Eco-Translatology. The study reveals 53 translations of Hmong folklore terms, encompassing material, social, and spiritual aspects, within the Hmong oral epic 'Creating Heaven and Earth'. For Hmong material folklore terms, translators predominantly employ the 'target contextualization' strategy, along with 'extending substitution' and 'vitalization' methods. For Hmong social folklore terms, translators favor the 'source contextualization' strategy, supplemented by 'adaptive addition' and 'vitalization' methods. For Hmong spiritual folklore terms, translators predominantly utilize the 'source contextualization' strategy, in addition to 'extending substitution' and 'naturalization' methods.

On the Translation of Culture-loaded Terms in Subtitles from the Perspective of Cultural Adaptation-A Case Study of the Overseas Promotional Film of Creation of The God: Kingdom of Storms

On the Translation of Culture-loaded Terms in Subtitles from the Perspective of Cultural Adaptation-A Case Study of the Overseas Promotional Film of Creation of The God: Kingdom of Storms

Roadmap of Creating a Bilingual Uzbek-German Electronic Dictionary of Forestry Terms

This article examines the significant problem that Uzbek lexicography currently faces, namely the translation of forestry-related terms and lexicons into a bilingual Uzbek-German online dictionary. Naturally, in consideration of the fact that we live in the era of information, the valuable perspectives of scholars regarding online dictionaries are presented, and the disparities between printed and electronic dictionaries are elucidated. Additionally, forestry terms are actively employed in the discourse of experts in this domain, and initially, they are gathered, summarized, and organized into a system, thereby showcasing the ways in which online dictionaries can better serve users compared to their printed counterparts. At the same time, the article provides a general understanding of the four-step process of creating a dictionary, which is intended to meet the demand for online dictionaries of forestry professionals. The matter of developing high-quality and flawless bilingual online dictionaries is explored, and a recommendation is posited that, in the future, dictionaries should be entirely electronic rather than solely online.

Research on the English Translation of Culture-Bound Terms in Yi Dialect Oral Literature from the Perspective of Four-life Maxim

The accurate translation of culture-bound terms is vital for ensuring the faithful representation of ethnic minority oral literature. Analyzing the English translation of these terms can significantly promote minority cultures, offer a comprehensive view of China to the world, and enhance the narrative of Chinese stories. China’s Eco-Translatology, rooted in Eastern ecological wisdom, provides a framework for translation in the new era, emphasizing Four-life Maxim. Guided by this theory, this paper examines the English translation of culture-bound terms in the Yi oral literature Meige, providing a reference for translating China’s minority literature.

Unlocking cultural riches: navigating cultural terms translation in ‘The Treasure’ Egyptian movie

Unlocking cultural riches: navigating cultural terms translation in ‘The Treasure’ Egyptian movie

The extent of female biology teachers awareness of scientific enlightenment

The aim of the current research is to study the extent of female biology teachers awareness of scientific enlightenment by answering the following question, For the purpose of answering this question, the author prepared a scale for scientific enlightenment that includes seven areas, which are (Biological knowledge, the mutual relationship between biology, society and the environment, translation of terms, science processes, scientific directions, scientific inclinations and scientific assessment), The scale consists of 50 items that distributed equally over the seven areas of scientific enlightenment. The items for the first four areas were objective which means the answer was either true or false (takes 0-1), as for the last three areas the answer alternatives were three-fold (agree, hesitant, disagree) or (3-2-1). The research sample consisted of female biology teachers of Baghdad/ Al-Rusafa Third Education Directorate, amounting to 105 biology schools, who were chosen randomly from the middle, secondary, and preparatory schools about 150 schools. The results of the research concluded that biology teachers possess scientific awareness, depending on these results, the author developed recommendations and proposals to complement this research.

A Study on Translation Strategies for TCM Terminology Based on Knowledge Translation Theory

This study explores translation strategies for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) terminology within a cross-cultural context, focusing on the application of three strategies: literal translation, paraphrase, and domesticated transliteration, in the categories of knowledge congruence and knowledge differentiation. Based on specific terms from the "WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine," this paper employs literature review and case analysis to examine how TCM terminology can effectively convey its medical implications and cultural background in a cross-cultural setting. The research aims to reveal how different translation strategies can achieve the accurate transmission of medical knowledge in the translation of TCM terms, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the international dissemination of TCM terminology.

МЕДИЦИНАЛЫК ТЕРМИНДЕРДИН КЫРГЫЗ ТИЛИНДЕГИ ЖАСАЛУУ ЖОЛДОРУ

The article discusses some of the conditions for the implementation of the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic "On the State Language", the importance of translating medical terms into the Kyrgyz language, ways of creating and borrowing from other languages. The author classifies and shows the ways of perception of medical terms and their creation, origin; stresses the role of attempts at translation of terms in enriching Kyrgyz vocabulary and terminology, as well as in practical convenience. An attempt to translate medical terms into Kyrgyz language is considered a contribution to the implementation of the Law on State Language of Kyrgyz Republic. In our country, efforts are being made to translate professional words into Kyrgyz language in the field of medicine. The article makes additions and corrections to the previous classification of medical terms; such terms are divided according to their formation and use in Kyrgyz language. Since medicine is the science that deals with human health, the meaning of names in this field should be clear to the general public.