Translational Perspective Research Articles

Bone adhesive materials: From bench to bedside.

Biodegradable bone adhesives represent a highly sought-after type of biomaterial which would enable replacement of traditional metallic devices for fixation of bone. However, these biomaterials should fulfil an extremely large number of requirements. As a consequence, bone-adhesive biomaterials which meet all of these requirements are not yet commercially available. Therefore, this comprehensive review provides an extensive overview of the development of bone adhesives from a translational perspective. First, the definition, classification, and chemistry of various types of bone adhesives are highlighted to provide a detailed overview of this emerging class of biomaterials. In this review we particularly focused studies which describe the use of materials that are capable of gluing two pieces of bone together within a time frame of minutes to days. Second, this review critically reflects on i) the experimental conditions of commonly employed adhesion tests to assess bone adhesion and ii) the current state-of-the-art regarding their preclinical and clinical applicability.

Editorial introduction

Editorial introduction

Reactive oxygen species-powered cancer immunotherapy: Current status and challenges.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial signaling molecules that can arouse immune system. In recent decades, ROS has emerged as a unique therapeutic strategy for malignant tumors as (i) it can not only directly reduce tumor burden but also trigger immune responses by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD); and (ii) it can be facilely generated and modulated by radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy. The anti-tumor immune responses are, however, mostly downplayed by the immunosuppressive signals and dysfunction of effector immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The past years have seen fierce developments of various strategies to power ROS-based cancer immunotherapy by e.g. combining with immune checkpoints inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and/or immunoadjuvants, which have shown to potently inhibit primary tumors, metastatic tumors, and tumor relapse with limited immune-related adverse effects. In this review, we introduce the concept of ROS-powered cancer immunotherapy, highlight the innovative strategies to boost ROS-based cancer immunotherapy, and discuss the challenges in terms of clinical translation and future perspectives.

Translating English Metaphorical Expressions into Arabic

The primary rhetorical device, metaphor, frequently alludes to figurative language in general. Therefore, linguists, critics, and writers have always given it considerable attention. It has historically been examined and approached in terms of its basic parts (i.e., image, object, sense, etc.) and types (such as cliché, dead, anthropomorphic, current, extended, compound, etc. metaphors), as it was initially a significant aesthetic and rhetorical figure. However, recently, metaphor has drawn even more attention from a completely different standpoint of ideologization and conceptualization, especially in light of the most recent breakthroughs in cognitive stylistics. As a result, this shift in viewpoint has an immediate impact on translation theory and practice, which must now be handled similarly from a metaphor translation perspective. This study attempts to analyze the translation of metaphor from a cognitive stylistic standpoint, focusing on how subjects, objects, and individuals are conceptualized. In essence, every metaphor is a reflection and construction of the writer's or speaker's ideas, attitudes, mentalities, and ideologies. Therefore, in various texts, especially literary discourse, any metaphor is conceptualized in terms of the source domain and the target domain. On the basis of the two domains, the source and the target, translators predict an instantaneous favorable response to this notion of metaphor in the target language. The paper's conclusion aims to shift attention to metaphor as a concrete, conceived, practical, and up-to-date rhetorical figure. Both in translating theory and practice. This will reveal freshly undiscovered aspects of metaphor's interpretation, enjoyment, comprehension, and translation in both the SL and the TL.

Novel Aspects Targeting Platelets in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease—A Translational Perspective

Platelets are important cellular targets in cardiovascular disease. Based on insights from basic science, translational approaches and clinical studies, a distinguished anti-platelet drug treatment regimen for cardiovascular patients could be established. Furthermore, platelets are increasingly considered as cells mediating effects "beyond thrombosis", including vascular inflammation, tissue remodeling and healing of vascular and tissue lesions. This review has its focus on the functions and interactions of platelets with potential translational and clinical relevance. The role of platelets for the development of atherosclerosis and therapeutic modalities for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic disease are addressed. Furthermore, novel therapeutic options for inhibiting platelet function and the use of platelets in regenerative medicine are considered.

The animal's microbiome and cancer: a translational perspective.

Cancer is a substantial global health problem both in humans and animals with a consistent increase in mortality and incidence rate. The commensal microbiota has been involved in the regulation of several physiological and pathological processes, both within the gastrointestinal system and at distant tissue locations. Cancer isn't an exception, and different aspects of the microbiome have been described to have anti- or pro-tumour effects. Using new techniques, for example high-throughput DNA sequencing, microbial populations of the human body have been largely described and, in the last years, studies more focused on companions' animals have emerged. In general, the recent investigations of fecal microbial phylogeny and functional capacity of the canine and feline gut have shown similarities with human gut. In this translational study we will review and summarize the relation between the microbiota and cancer, in humans and companion animals, and compare their resemblance in the type of neoplasms already studied in veterinary medicine: multicentric and intestinal lymphoma, colorectal tumours, nasal neoplasia and mast cell tumours. In the context of One Health, microbiota and microbiome integrative studies may contribute to the understanding of the tumourigenesis process, besides offering an opportunity to develop new diagnostics and therapeutic biomarkers both for veterinary and human oncology.

Perspective on equitable translational studies and clinical support for an unbiased inclusion of the LGBTQIA2S+community.

Research regarding the mental health of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, 2 Spirit (LGBTQIA2S+) community has been historically biased by individual and structural homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia, resulting in research that does not represent the best quality science. Furthermore, much of this research does not serve the best interests or priorities of LGBTQIA2S + communities, despite significant mental health disparities and great need for quality mental health research and treatments in these populations. Here, we will highlight how bias has resulted in missed opportunities for advancing understanding of mental health within LGBTQIA2S + communities. We cite up-to-date research on mental health disparities facing the LGBTQIA2S + community and targeted treatment strategies, as well as guidance from health care professionals. Importantly, research is discussed from both preclinical and clinical perspectives, providing common language and research priorities from a translational perspective. Given the rising tide of anti-transgender sentiment among certain political factions, we further emphasize and discuss the impact of historical and present day ciscentrism and structural transphobia in transgender mental health research, from both clinical and translational perspectives, with suggestions for future directions to improve the quality of this field. Finally, we address current best practices for treatment of mental health issues in this community. This approach provides an opportunity to dispel myths regarding the LGBTQIA2S + community as well as inform the scientific community of best practices to work with this community in an equitable manner. Thus, our approach ties preclinical and clinical research within the LGBTQIA2S + community.

Tendinopathy: A 'timely' matter.

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An Exploration of Translator's Identity in the Perspective of Ecological Translation

The translator is the main subject of translation activities, and there are limitations in the understanding of the translator's identity as "language transmitter" and "culture transmitter". In this paper, the relationship between the translator and the existence of translation is studied from the perspective of ecological translation, so that the understanding of the translator's subject identity changes, which is reflected in the shift from "text transmitter" to "human ecologist" and from "translator's existence" to "translator's survival". The translator as an "ecological person" should not only obey the survival situation of the translator, but also pay attention to the condition of the text, with the intention of building a harmonious relationship between the survival of the translator, the existence of the text and the translation ecology through ecological translation, which is also the embodiment of the ecological dynamic dimension of the translator's identity.

Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Nanoplatforms for the Theranostic Applications of Neurological Diseases.

Neurological diseases are the foremost cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Owing to the special microenvironment of neural tissues and biological characteristics of neural cells, a considerable number of neurological disorders are currently incurable. In the past few years, the development of nanoplatforms based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has broadened opportunities for offering sensitive diagnosis/monitoring and effective therapy of neurology-related diseases. In this article, the obstacles for neurotherapeutics, including delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB), off-target treatment, irrepressible inflammatory storm/oxidative stress, and irreversible nerve cell death are summarized. Correspondingly, MOFs-based diagnostic/monitoring strategies such as neuroimaging and biosensors (electrochemistry, fluorometry, colorimetry, electrochemiluminescence, etc.) and MOFs-based therapeutic strategies including higher BBB permeability, targeting specific lesion sites, attenuation of neuroinflammation/oxidative stress as well as regeneration of nerve cells, are extensively highlighted for the management of neurological diseases. Finally, the challenges of the present research from perspective of clinical translation are discussed, hoping to facilitate interdisciplinary studies at the intersections between MOFs-based nanoplatforms and neurotheranostics.

Leveling the playing field: exploring how community embeddedness shapes institutional translation in youth sport

ABSTRACT Research question Institutional change in sport is supported by the adoption of new models. An institutional translation perspective suggests that as local organizations adopt models from the field, they edit and ‘fill in’ these frameworks, sometimes in different ways. This translation process is relatively underexplored in sport management. In this study, we looked at how community embeddedness shapes institutional translation in sport, focusing on the role of a linking organization that connects local organizations to the broader field. Research methods We used a qualitative approach centered on the Aspen Institute’s Project Play initiative in the U.S., aimed at promoting participation and access, aligned with a youth development logic in sport. Results and findings We found that local organizations translated the Project Play model to their communities, and a linking organization facilitated this process by helping local groups identify and interpret the approach, secure resources, and convene local stakeholders. We traced differences across communities in what was implemented to aspects of the local context and approach, and we mapped similarities to connections between communities. Implications This study contributes to the literature on institutional dynamics in sport by broadening understanding of translation. Our findings around community embeddedness and the role of a linking organization in shaping local organizations’ approaches to a new model of youth sport demonstrate how a translation perspective can account for agency and constraint, and global and local dynamics.

Different strokes for different folks? The translation of public values into official meanings

It is well known that the meanings of public values can vary significantly across different settings, given their abstract nature. Despite this knowledge, however, the public values literature has not significantly examined the official meanings of public values in their local setting. Against this backdrop, on the basis of a translation perspective we examine the context-specific meanings of 219 public values as defined by the core values statements of 61 Nordic central government agencies. We show variation and patterns in the meanings, emphasizing how the meanings vary depending on whether the values are translated into (1) a work and service delivery theme, (2) an internal relations theme and (3) an external relations theme. Through these findings, the study highlights the importance of taking into consideration the official meanings of agency core values for understanding the relationship between public values and administrative behaviour. Points for practitioners The findings from this study inform public managers and administrators of the possible variation in the official meanings that could be attributed to core values. They suggest that public managers should carefully consider how they want their agency's core values to be understood by the employees. Specifically, when translating core values, public managers are advised to assess whether the signifiers they use to translate the values should guide work and service delivery, internal relations or external relations, respectively, or a combination. By drawing attention to the intended meanings of core values, the findings create increased awareness of how different translations of core values implicate different administrative behaviours.

Multilingualism in Tarantino's "Inglorious Basterds". Difficulties and strategies for dubbing and subtitling

Multilingualism has achieved a new summit in Tarantino’s filmography with Inglourious Basterds, since four languages are involved in the original version: English, French, Spanish and Italian. The setting of this film shows the fall of France after the Nazi invasion in 1940, and the film continuously reflects the relationship between language and power. This paper deals with the subject of multilingualism and cultural representation in the subtitles and dubbing of Tarantino’s Inglourious Basterds from a translation perspective, according to the difficulties, strategies and changes derived from the audiovisual translation. We follow two main research hypotheses, namely, that subtitles (i) are used in a different way depending on the soundtrack and may activate their own modes of textual interpretation, and thus (ii) there may be any kind of change in the dialogues derived from the languages used in the scene, which could promote a sort of intercultural and multilingual sensitivity, or abstraction in the target audience.

Cross-cultural Exchange of Heritage in Museums: A Study of Dunhuang Art in the Hong Kong Heritage Museum from the Perspective of Cultural Translation

ABSTRACT Translation is involved in cross-cultural exchange of heritage—transplanting the cultural heritage that belongs to one particular cultural-linguistic community into a new place and for a new audience. Using the concept of cultural translation as the theoretical framework, this study explores how translation is embedded yet largely hidden when Dunhuang artefacts are digitally positioned in a Hong Kong-based museum. It lays bare the connection between the cultures of Dunhuang and Hong Kong, and reveals how Hong Kong visitors perceive the exoticness of the Dunhuang culture on display. Translation is not only exemplified by the bilingual panels and captions throughout the exhibition, but is also enhanced in non-verbal aspects, especially those in relation to digital installations and visual design of the exhibition. This case study draws our attention to the phenomenon where psychological resemblance is lodged in constitutional difference in heritage exchanges in museums.

Study of Wang Rongpei's Translation of Mulan Ballad from the Perspective of Translation Shifts Theory

The concept of "translation shifts" is based on linguistics and was first proposed by the famous linguist and translation theorist Catford in his Linguistic Theory of Translation. From the perspective of translation shifts theory, this paper analyzes the original text of Mulan Ballad and Wang Rongpei's translation version, and discusses the translation shifts in the original text of Mulan Ballad and Wang Rongpei's translation version, so as to provide reference for future poetry translation.

An Analysis of English Translation of Li Qingzhao's Ci Poetry with Feminist Translation Theory

Feminist translation theory has a long history and has been developed and perfected in the translation practice of many works. This section explains feminist translation theory and also explains the translation perspective of "bisexual homology" that belongs to the feminist translation methodology. This essay proposed to discuss a famous poet in Song Dynasty, who is Li Qingzhao. Her poems reflect the characteristics of the Song Dynasty women's euphemisms and shallow feelings, and reflect women's keen intuition. In this paper, it aims to analyze how a variety of translators express feminism in translated texts. It is obvious that translators always use preface, footnoting, hijacking and supplement to represent feminism. After the analysis of translated text, the strategies that used in these texts can be an effective and efficient method to make the readers have a deeper and more clear understanding of some traditional Chinese stuffs in the these poems and the representing in feminism.

A Comparative Study on Two Chinese Versions of Gone with the Wind from the Perspective of Feminist Translation Theory

Feminist translation is one of the key topics in current research and has developed by leaps and bounds since the 1980s. In order to correct the potential defects in feminist translation, some scholars put forward the translation perspective of androgyny. It was found that the translation studies of Gone with the Wind were mostly based on feminist translation strategies, but the research on translator’s ability of androgyny has still been insufficient. This paper used Gone with the Wind and its two Chinese translations as objects of the study. It compared different feminist translation strategies the two translators chose in their translations and evaluated whether these two translators have the ability of androgyny. After analyzing these cases, it was found that two translators all used feminist translation strategies to translate. They often used the strategy of “supplement”, and sometimes also used the strategy of “hijacking”, in order to strengthen the existence of female roles in the text. However, when translating characters whose genders were opposite to their own, the two translators failed to think from the perspective of these characters but translated literally or from the perspective of their own genders, which indicated that the perspective of androgyny was still difficult to achieve. Therefore, translators should be aware of the characteristics of two different genders and try to improve their ability of androgyny.

On the cross-disciplinary conundrum: The conceptualization of translation in translation and journalism studies

ABSTRACT This article discusses the difficulties that the divergent conceptualizations of translation in journalism and translation studies pose to conduct inter-disciplinary research into the role of translation practices in journalistic production. It is divided into four sections that review four concepts, namely domestication (in connection with localization), transediting, gatekeeping and convergence. The first two have been widely discussed in translation studies in relation to a variety of genres, while the latter have been central to journalism studies research. The article also discusses the usefulness of these four concepts for the study of journalistic translation practices from the perspective of both translation and journalism studies.

Targeted Therapy Development in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Therapeutic developments targeting acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been in the pipeline for five decades and have recently resulted in the approval of multiple targeted therapies. However, there remains an unmet need for molecular treatments that can deliver long-term remissions and cure for this heterogeneous disease. Previously, a wide range of small molecule drugs were developed to target sub-types of AML, mainly in the relapsed and refractory setting; however, drug resistance has derailed the long-term efficacy of these as monotherapies. Recently, the small molecule venetoclax was introduced in combination with azacitidine, which has improved the response rates and the overall survival in older adults with AML compared to those of chemotherapy. However, this regimen is still limited by cytotoxicity and is not curative. Therefore, there is high demand for therapies that target specific abnormalities in AML while sparing normal cells and eliminating leukemia-initiating cells. Despite this, the urgent need to develop these therapies has been hampered by the complexities of this heterogeneous disease, spurring the development of innovative therapies that target different mechanisms of leukemogenesis. This review comprehensively addresses the development of novel targeted therapies and the translational perspective for acute myeloid leukemia, including the development of selective and non-selective drugs.

From the Perspective of Bible Translation: An Invitation to Biblical Poetry by Elaine T. James

Elaine James (PhD, Princeton Theological Seminary) is Associate Professor of Old Testament at Princeton Theological Seminary in Princeton, New Jersey. According to the book’s description, the author “studies the ancient literature of the Bible with particular attention to its aesthetic and ecological dimensions.” The stated aim of this series of studies is as follows: “Essentials of Biblical Studies comprises freestanding, relatively brief, accessibly written books that provide orientation to the Bible’s contents, its ancient contexts, its interpretive methods and history, and its themes and figures” (p. xiv). The author further adds: “This book is an invitation to biblical poetry, with students and general readers in mind” (p. 1). While the book does indeed offer a valuable introduction to biblical Hebrew poetry, especially the psalms, it is written more at the level of intermediate Bible students, not general readers. Its table of contents is rather too sparse (and should be expanded to include the major internal chapter divisions): Introduction—An Art of Words, 1 Voices, 2 Lines, 3 Forms, 4 Figures, 5 Contexts, Conclusion—Giving Poetry Life. The notes and references for each chapter are provided at the end of the book, which is not the most convenient for ready access, but the final index of subjects is quite complete and includes all the Scripture texts discussed in the book for which the author provides her own translation into English. The present review has been written from the specific perspective of Bible translation and for advanced translators or trainers who could benefit from this helpful overview of the subject at hand.