Translation Problems Research Articles

KSA The Influence of Mother Tongue Interference on the Translation Process

This paper aims to investigate the problems of translation encountered by ESL learners when translating texts i-e English to Arabic language and vice versa. Translation problems can be divided into linguistic problems and cultural problems. The solutions proposed to translation problems are based on the types of text, the minor linguistic context, possibility of saying something in the target Language. Some considerations follow this process, which is mainly related to the accuracy, clarity, and naturalness of the meaning, ideas, or messages of the translation. Knowledge of the target culture is crucial for successful translation. To understand this interference in detail, the research shed the light on this problem. The research deals with the significance of the study in the field of second language learning and theoretical reviews of second language acquisition. The researcher used a specific methodology in this study to discuss the collected data and analyze it statistically to reach the main findings in the conclusion.

The Role of Mediating Text in Adapting Indirect Literary Translation

Translatology of modern Kazakhstan has actualized the problem of translation of Kazakh literature into worldlanguages. The active process of literary translation has increased the interest of foreign readers in the national culture, creativity, and identity of the Kazakh people. It set a new vector for the research of Kazakh scholars in translation studies. However, owing to the lack of professional translators, direct translation from Kazakh into English has always been problematic, so Kazakh writers’ works were translated indirectly fromRussian into foreign languages. The article presents the problem of defining “indirect translation” by Western, Russian, and Kazakh linguists. Authors consider ways of adapting the direct and indirect translations bycomparing them with the source text of A. Nurpeisov's novel “Songy Paryz”. The paper aims to reveal theways of implementing linguocultural, pragmatic aspects of the original text and strategies for transferring artand pictorial means of the Kazakh language in direct and indirect translations. Experts in linguistics, translation studies, cognitive science, linguocultural studies, and literary criticism will be interested in the researchresults.

The concept of “the Lamb of God” («ὁ ἀµνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ») in English, German and Russian translations of the Gospel of John

The interpretation of biblical concepts is a complex translation problem, the method of literal translation cannot solve it. The search for lexical matches in the target language is not always systematic. A comprehensive solution to this problem is possible within the framework of the conceptual theory of metaphor, which allows you to rethink the process of translating biblical concepts. The article explores the implementation of the concept «the Lamb of God» («ὁ ἀµνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ») in the translations of the Gospel of John into English, German and Russian in the light of modern research on the conceptual theory of metaphor. The purpose of the study is to analyze the degree of implementation of the concept «the Lamb of God» («ὁ ἀµνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ») in translations of the Gospel of John. The work uses the MIPVU method to identify metaphors in the original text of the Gospel of John, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis to assess the adequacy of the translation of the concept « the Lamb of God» in the context of the biblical conceptual field. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the English, German and Russian translations of the Gospel of John, the concept of the «the Lamb of God» («ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ») of the original text is not fully implemented. The absence of a separate lexical unit leads to confusion in the translations of the «Lamb» («ἀμνὸς») from the Gospel of John and the «Lamb» («ἀρνίον») from the Apocalypse, which distorts the meaning of the translations. The application of the MIPVU method to identify metaphors in the biblical text, as well as an integrated approach to the translation of biblical concepts, is a developing direction in modern translation studies. Modern advances in the field of metaphor theory make it possible to create new translations of the Bible that are accessible to readers who are not familiar with the biblical conceptual field.

The Translation of Yemeni –Arabic legal documents into English: Problems and Suggestions

This research shed light on the translating Yemeni legal documents from Arabic to English. It has a two-fold goal: 1) to identify the problems which Yemeni professional translators encounter in translating legal documents, and; 2) to suggest some remedial procedures to help Yemeni translators overcome their weaknesses. This research was designed to study the legal translation problems in Yemeni documents, analyzing them comprehensively and qualitatively, and therefore quantitively data and statistics were not used in the research process. Several methodological procedures are followed; firstly, ten different Yemeni-Arabic legal documents selected. Secondly, a random sample consisting of ten licensed Yemeni translators selected. Thirdly; a thorough analysis of the returned English translations carried out and assessed against suggested translations, based on three main sources: 1) typical translations of the same done by renowned authors or translators; 2) entries in Arabic-English legal dictionaries; and 3) the researcher's expertise in this field; Fourthly; the results of the study discussed. The findings indicated that the translation of Yemeni-Arabic legal documents is highly problematic. The study concluded with some suggestions and recommendations.

PAINT: Photo-realistic Fashion Design Synthesis

In this article, we investigate a new problem of generating a variety of multi-view fashion designs conditioned on a human pose and texture examples of arbitrary sizes, which can replace the repetitive and low-level design work for fashion designers. To solve this challenging multi-modal image translation problem, we propose a novel Photo-reAlistic fashIon desigN synThesis (PAINT) framework, which decomposes the framework into three manageable stages. In the first stage, we employ a Layout Generative Network (LGN) to transform an input human pose into a series of person semantic layouts. In the second stage, we propose a Texture Synthesis Network (TSN) to synthesize textures on all transformed semantic layouts. Specifically, we design a novel attentive texture transfer mechanism for precisely expanding texture patches to the irregular clothing regions of the target fashion designs. In the third stage, we leverage an Appearance Flow Network (AFN) to generate the fashion design images of other viewpoints from a single-view observation by learning 2D multi-scale appearance flow fields. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is capable of generating diverse photo-realistic multi-view fashion design images with fine-grained appearance details conditioned on the provided multiple inputs. The source code and trained models are available at https://github.com/gxl-groups/PAINT .

TRANSLATION STUDIES IN CHINA (2001-2020) THROUGH VOSVIEWER

In the article translation studies in China from 2001 to 2020 were reviewed by visualization techniques. The author investigated 1543 journal articles published during that period. The number of published papers, article distribution, and keywords of top-cited articles were analyzed, indicating that the number of relevant articles published has grown significantly and more articles have been published in major linguistic journals. The top 10 most cited articles focus on Western and Chinese translation theories, there has been a wide range of theoretical issues touched upon within the framework of translation theory in the past 20 years, the most popular topics are the formation of translation science, the basic problems of general translation, and ecological translation. Perspectives of the development of Chinese translation studies are clarified including the development of translation theory, interdisciplinary research of translation problems, and the most notable features of Chinese translation tradition.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROF. V.N. KOMISSAROV’S TRANSLATION THEORY IN СHINA

V.N. Komissarov as a famous theoretician in the sphere of translation was introduced to his Chinese colleagues in 1984, when modern translation theory just started in China. For forty years now, his translation theories have been disseminated, adopted, and developed. V.N. Komissarov’s major works, including Questions of Translation Theory in Foreign Linguistics (1978), Linguistics of Translation (1980), Translation Theory (Linguistic Aspects) (1990) and Modern Translation Studies (1999), have been reviewed in Chinese academic journals. His last monograph, Modern Translation Studies (2004), was translated into Chinese. Chinese translation studies introduced his theoretical ideas in the sphere of translation, such as the nature of translation, translation equivalence, translation models, translation correspondences, translation norms, translation pragmatics, textological aspects of translation studies, cultural and sociological aspects of translation studies, translation teaching methodology, etc. Certain ideas, such as pragmatic translation adaptation, have been further developed. In general, V.N. Komissarov’s theoretical viewpoints have been studied and summarized in many scientific papers and various works, which contributed to the development of Chinese translation theory. Moreover, his translation thoughts are widely used by Chinese scholars for theoretical research and the training of future translators. Some of V.N. Komissarov’s views are applied to the study of the function of cultural translation, translation adaptation, the definition of translation, translation of the national style of speech and other theoretical problems. The scholar’s theory of translation is most often used to address a variety of issues in translation practice. The most influential theory is undoubtedly the theory of translation equivalence. While using this theory, numerous master theses and translation reports analyze issues in both fiction and information translation, as well as problems in interpretation and audiovisual translation.

Problems in English-Chinese and Chinese-English legal translation: with a case study of mistranslations

In this article, characteristic features of the Chinese legal language are approached from the perspective of legal translation from and into Chinese. The main focus is put upon the emergence of meaning in legal texts, which is reflected in the process of legal translation. Problems of meaning emergence in the Chinese law are regularly connected to legal transfers and legal implants borrowed from foreign languages such as English as well as other text forming devices. Translation is regularly inherent in such processes. As a result, legal translation influences processes in which legislation and the legislative language are shaped. Meanwhile, general problems of translation remain out of the scope of this study. Therefore, specific features of translation of legal texts from and into Chinese dominate the discussed issues. These specific issues include some little-explored ones such as translating traditional Chinese law and social attitudes to legal translation. Moreover, Chinese is the language of legislation and of court and administrative procedures in several jurisdictions as well as in numerous international organizations. Its legal status differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and displays its pluricentric character. Legal acts that are issued in these jurisdictions demonstrate therefore different levels of terminological formation and other legal-linguistically relevant varieties. It is the task of legal lexicography to register lexical varieties of legal Chinese in the relevant jurisdictions. Examples based on translations of legal texts in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau complement the main corpus of the article. The analysed texts show that legal translation and shaping legal language are closely interrelated creative activities.

Machine Translation of Electrical Terminology Constraints

In practical applications, the accuracy of domain terminology translation is an important criterion for the performance evaluation of domain machine translation models. Aiming at the problem of phrase mismatch and improper translation caused by word-by-word translation of English terminology phrases, this paper constructs a dictionary of terminology phrases in the field of electrical engineering and proposes three schemes to integrate the dictionary knowledge into the translation model. Scheme 1 replaces the terminology phrases of the source language. Scheme 2 uses the residual connection at the encoder end after the terminology phrase is replaced. Scheme 3 uses a segmentation method of combining character segmentation and terminology segmentation for the target language and uses an additional loss module in the training process. The results show that all three schemes are superior to the baseline model in two aspects: BLEU value and correct translation rate of terminology words. In the test set, the highest accuracy of terminology words was 48.3% higher than that of the baseline model. The BLEU value is up to 3.6 higher than the baseline model. The phenomenon is also analyzed and discussed in this paper.

Lexical Creativity in Community Translation Corpus from Ghana

Although corpus-based research is becoming more common in many languages and in translation studies in general, it tends to be scarce or even nonexistent in Akan and many other African languages that are often considered as minority languages. In fact, failure to use Akan in various fields has hindered its development to some extent, particularly in online electronic resources, human language technology and for optimising online presence. Thelimited availability of resources, such as reference corpora and specialised dictionaries, suggests that translators who work from and into Akan often have to rely solely on their ingenuity in the process of translation. The study, therefore, explored a bidirectional English–Akan parallel corpus, built earlier by the researcher in another study. Using the descriptive translation studies approach, Skopos theory and Baker’s (1992) translation strategies, the paperanalyses lexical creativity as a strategy used to resolve translation problems specific to the language pair: borrowing, compounding and reduplication. Akan may not be a typical minority language, but it is in a disadvantaged position compared to English, which serves as the official language. Consequently, many documents are primarily written in the official language, thereby creating a form of imbalance in terms of language development and translationchallenges for community translators and interpreters who work from and into Akan. The research sheds light on how the abovementioned corpus can empower community translation in Ghana. It also identifies lexical creativity as an effective strategy to stimulate the need for the development of such a community language and to curb the imbalance in relation to English regarding terminology, text-type development, reference resources and translation tools. As translation tools such as Linguee rely on parallel corpora, the bidirectional English–Akan parallel corpus may be uploaded online or enlarged to develop general and professional language tools, and can serve as a basis for other enquiries.

On the Translation of Online Product Promotions from the Perspective of Eco-translatology

After the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, its development focus has shifted from scale to quality. It is urgent to improve the quality of translation for the cross-border e-commerce industry when the translation demand is soaring. Commodities are exposed and introduced to foreign buyers through online promotions on cross-border e-commerce platforms, since their translation can affect click-through rates, sales and images of Chinese sellers. Eco-translatology, which combines ecology and translation, provides a theoretical basis for many disciplines and fields. Taking footwear as an example, this study analyzes problems in current translation through the comparative analysis of commodity promotions on Amazon in the United States and AliExpress in China, two major cross-border e-commerce platforms. Then it studies the English translation of online product promotions from the three-dimensional transformation in terms of language, culture and communication under the guidance of Eco-translatology to put forward some suggestions for the online product promotions translation. It aims to provide references for Chinese sellers to engage in cross-border e-commerce and help enterprises and commodities go global successfully.

SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL TEXTS TRANSLATION PROBLEM: FEATURES AND TRANSLATION STRATEGIES

This article dwells upon the scientific & technical texts translation problem based on the oil & gas industry related texts. The article is focused on the basics of scientific & technical translation, as well as the importance to reach the translation adequacy and equivalence. Lexical and semantic translation features pertaining to scientific & technical texts highlighted, causing difficulties when translated from English into Russian. These include terms, general scientific and commonly used lexis. In addition, the attempts are made to identify the main strategies to translate these types of lexis in scientific & technical oil and gas-related texts from English into Russian.

On the Translation of Academic Political Text from the Perspective of Chesterman’s Translation Norm: Case Study of Translating The Realization of the Historical Mission of Literature and Art in Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New

With the rise of China, the world is eager to know more about China, and China also needs to go global. International communication is imperative, and translation is of indispensable importance. The Realization of the Historical Mission of Literature and Art in Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (hereafter referred to as Historical Mission) belongs to academic political texts. This article is based on the excerpt from Chapter two “Adhere to people-centered orientation in creating art works” in this book. Academic political texts are inclined to embody formal words and intonation, well-knit logic, complex sentence structure, changeable sentence patterns, and many long sentences, which bring great challenges to the author. Chesterman’s Translation Norms can serve as a guide to solve specific translation problems, convey the intention of the author and improve the readability and accuracy of the translated text. With specific examples in view, this author chooses translation strategies from the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels under the guidance of Chesterman’s Translation Norms and discusses the significance of the Norms in academic political translation, hoping to provide some references for future researchers.

Analysis and Research on Chinese-English Intertranslation in the Context of Cross-Cultural Communication

In recent years, with the increasingly frequent exchanges of film and television works around the world, the problem of Chinese-English intertranslation has become more and more prominent, and the influence of cross-cultural communication is expanding. This thesis focuses on the current situation of translation and the analysis of English-Chinese intertranslation in the cross-cultural context, and also lists the representative movie titles and line translations in Chinese and Western movies for comparison. In order to better reflect how intercultural communication affects English-Chinese intertranslation, this paper is studied through literature analysis, comparative analysis and case study method. This thesis finds that the study of intercultural communication is necessary because it has an important influence on English-Chinese intertranslation and can help translators to correct some problems in translation to a certain extent.

Implementation of Digital Education Tools in the Pedagogical Community

This article is devoted to solving the problem of accumulation, systematization, and translation of the practices of using digital educational technologies in municipal educational organizations. The solution to this problem was implemented by implementing the project “Organization of a system of digital education practices in the urban district of the City of Yelets” in 2022. The project was aimed at involving at least 350 managing and teaching staff, 4000 students in the active practice of using digital educational technologies in educational organizations of the urban district of Yelets (Lipetsk region, Russian Federation) by the end of 2022. To achieve the goal, the implementation of a system of digital education practices in educational organizations of the urban district of the city of Yelets was determined. Continuity and concession are key features of this system.
 Consequently, the stakeholders are preschool educational organizations, public educational organizations, organizations of additional education, secondary vocational education, and higher education. This system involved the use of such organizational forms as a resource center, a municipal network platform, a pivotal school, and an author’s school, within which approbation, tuning, and dissemination of the experience of using software products, the LECTA digital educational platform, the digital educational environment “Mobile e-education” and directions 3D modeling, digital video and robotics. The key results of the conducted research were quantitative and qualitative indicators. The main problem that has blocked the adoption of digital education tools among the pedagogical community is the belief that they are ineffective compared to full-time education.

Salah Faham Makna Dalam Terjemahan Buku Muhammad:Riwayat Hidup Berdasarkan Sumber Terawal (Some Fundamental Issues in The Translation of Key Concepts in The Work of “Muhammad: Riwayat Hidup Berdasarkan Sumber Terawal”)

Translation is a transferring of meaning from one language to the other language. In the process of translation, the translator (s) requires an in-depth knowledge of the languages being transferred as well as mastery of the subject matter of being translated. The recent work entitled Muhammad: Riwayat Hidup Berdasarkan Sumber Terawal originally belongs to Martin Lings, who was a renowned scholar in the fields of philosophy, religion, and taṣawwūf, has been translated from English into Malay. The translation work is commendable because it serves the need for Malay audience to understand the sirah of the Prophet in the national language. However, this study found some fundamental issues in the translation of the work, for example, the translation of God as “Allah” based on the Genesis, the misleading translation of the name of Islam as 'submission', and the nature of the letters of the Qur’ān. The study anaylyses the text and makes a comparison with the original text in English. In addition, this study referred to the early sources mentioned by the author and critically evaluated the intellectual background of the original author. This finding sheds some light on the problem of translation of the key concepts and terms stemmed from the incoherent worldview in understanding the religion of Islam and the Sirah of the Prophet.

Future of Teaching Phraseological Units on Higher Education Level: Taming the Tongue or Raising Motivation of Students?

Eager interest of teaching phraseological units is still high, though English language tries to adapt new reality, be more simply to communicate without complex constructive sentences or combined and too long words. In the article, at the beginning, there is given brief literature review of the history of phraseology both in Georgian and in English language, later there are discussed the views of the various Georgian scientists as well as foreign scientists. After reviewing the literature, there is presented a small case study conducted at Akaki Tsereteli State University (Kutaisi, Georgia) in spring, 2023. It was done by anonymous questionnaire and the researcher gathered both qualitative and quantitative data and analyzed them. Based on the research, the researcher outlined main challenges of teaching phraseological units, such as difference between culture, translation problems and lack of motivation from students to study new phraseological units. The researcher analyzed the results in details and stated that despite the fact that English level which defines students’ motivation to study phraseology, there are some modern tools which encourage teachers to raise students’ motivation and not making learning process taming the tongue. In particular, these can be achieved through modern ways, using mobile and its applications in classroom and teaching process. This article might be interesting for the participants of the research, other teachers at the institution and all the stakeholders who work on phraseology.

Investigating Contrastive Grammar Problems Iraqi EFL Learners Face in English-Arabic Translation

English and Arabic have many similarities and differences with regard to grammar. Consequently, the current paper is designed to investigate the grammatical problems that Iraqi EFL learners suffer from through the process of translation from English to Arabic. It draws upon contrastive analysis (CA) to help in solving the problems which encounter Iraqi EFL morning and evening learners. It aims at examining the contrastive grammatical difficulties and problems that Iraqi EFL learners encounter in English-Arabic translation; presenting a test for identifying the grammatical problems that EFL learners face in English-Arabic translation; providing solutions for such problems. It uses a translation test that consists of 20 items for testing one hundred EFL learners of English department for morning studies and another one hundred for evening studies, college of Education, University of Thi-Qar for the academic year 2022-2023. The test is analysed and discussed. After implementing and discussing the test, the study concluded that hypothesis (1) is verified that the errors students committed are classified as being interlingual or intralingual; hypothesis (2) also verified that here are some aspects in English have no equivalents in Arabic; hypothesis (3) is refuted since tenses and the emphatic do take the highest number of errors that EFL learners (morning and evening participants) commit in English-Arabic translations; hypothesis (4) is partially accepted is partially accepted because of the other simple problems in Arabic-English translation. It is concluded that the majority of Iraqi EFL learners suffer from the tenses, emphatic do, word order, and sentence connectors in English-Arabic translation and both morning and evening students do not suffer from big problems in translating the gerund, Od and Oi, conditional sentences, negation, adjectives, medal auxiliaries, prepositions, and articles in English-Arabic translation

Disentangling opioids-related overdose syndemics: a scoping review.

This article reviews research investigating the synergistic interaction of opioid-related morbidity and mortality with other social, psychiatric, and biological conditions, to describe how and why it is syndemic. Opioid-related overdose syndemics are driven by commercial interests, emerging in communities facing social and economic disadvantage, and interacting with a range of other health conditions. We included articles that empirically investigated an opioid-related syndemic, discussed syndemic co-factors associated with opioid use, or framed opioid consumption conceptually in relation to syndemics. Most articles were conducted in and first authored by investigators from North America. These articles were published in journals focused on general public health (n=20), drug use and addiction (n=18), and infectious disease or HIV (n=15). Most original research articles (n=60) employed quantitative methods. Unlike scholarship from other disciplines, specifically the controversial "Deaths of Despair" (DoD) framework, most research on opioid-related overdose syndemics fails to fully articulate the macro-structural drivers of localized disease clustering. Instead, the syndemics scholarship emphasizes the clinical manifestations of opioid and substance use, illustrating a problem in translation at the heart of syndemic theory. Moreover, syndemics scholarship on opioid impacts remains largely disconnected from the wider DoD discourse, which represents a missed opportunity for equity-oriented research. Re-directing attention to the sociopolitical forces that shape opioid-related overdose syndemics is necessary to prevent future commercially-driven health crises and repair lives harmed by these deadly syndemics.

TECHNICAL TRANSLATION IN THE SYSTEM OF TRANSLATION THEORY

The problems and requirements for technical translation are characterized. The problems of technical translation as a type of special literature translation are quite broad and include difficulties and problems both with the text itself (lexical, grammatical, stylistic) and with the conditions and results of the translator's work. The prospects for the technical translation development are highlighted. The number of technical translations worldwide is expected to continue to grow as it has been growing since the beginning of the industrial revolution. With the increase in the volume of technical literature translations the demand for technical translators will also increase which makes it possible to predict the main prospects for the technical translation development, in particular, the prospects for the specialists training in this sphere. Taking into account the fact that technical translation is currently not sufficiently researched we can also highlight separate perspectives regarding the development of the science of translation in this aspect.