Transaction Mode Research Articles

Trilateral Evolutionary Game Strategy for the Design Optimization of Engineering General Contracting Projects in the Chinese Context

The engineering general contracting mode is an advanced engineering transaction mode, and design optimization is one of the important driving forces for vigorously promoting the general contracting mode. The application proportion of the general contracting mode in infrastructure projects is not high, the number of successful projects is not large, and the implementation effect is not ideal. One of the main reasons is that the design optimization theory and practice of international standard general contracting projects cannot adapt to the general contracting projects in the Chinese context, making local general contracting projects face huge challenges such as low enthusiasm for design optimization from all parties and unsatisfactory design optimization effects. Therefore, under the premise of bounded rationality, when the owner adopts control methods of different intensities, an evolutionary game study on the selection of design optimization strategies between the design and construction parties is carried out, and stability control strategies are proposed through case experiments and simulations. The research results indicate the following: firstly, the design optimization of general contracting projects in the Chinese context is feasible, but it depends on the distribution ratio of benefits obtained from the design optimization. Compared with general civil construction general contracting projects, the design optimization allocation ratio of industrial construction general contracting projects is more significant; secondly, the mixed control method of strong control and weak control is the optimal choice for the owner of the general contracting project; and thirdly, there are multiple evolutionary stable points, and mechanism design or incentive measures should be used to guide owners to choose weak control strategies, while design and construction parties should choose their design optimization strategies. The research results provide a reference for owners to determine the proportion and scheme of design optimization allocation, and for construction parties to determine design optimization strategies.

Transaction Method of Warehouse Sharing Platform Based on Blockchain Technology

With the continuous development of big data and blockchain technology, there are more applications of warehousing sharing platform, and warehousing transaction method has become the research focus. The original barter method can not solve the problem of accurate warehousing transactions, and the calculation accuracy of warehousing transactions is poor. Therefore, this paper proposes a warehouse transaction model based on blockchain technology, and comprehensively analyzes the form and accuracy of warehouse transactions. Firstly, the warehouse trading platform is used to count the transaction data and transaction methods, and the transaction forms and results are judged according to the warehouse characteristics, and irrelevant transaction information is abandoned. Then, according to the change rate of transaction data and transaction mode, the results are calculated, and compared with the actual transaction situation, and the parameters and indicators of transaction calculation are adjusted. MATLAB simulation test analysis shows that blockchain calculation method can improve the accuracy of warehousing transactions, and the accuracy rate reaches 95.3%. According to different transaction contents, the platform and form are judged, and the transaction time is calculated. It is found that the blockchain calculation method can meet the needs of warehousing transactions.

Liberalization of Electricity Sales Side for Electricity Market-Oriented Transaction Mode

The market-oriented reform of the energy sales side is currently having a considerable impact, and in the economically developed regions, the electricity sales industry has evolved a competitive trend. Power grid corporations now compete in the market rather than serving as the traditional dominant force in electricity sales. After a new round of electrical reform, a key concern for the growth of firms is how to better integrate into the reform and increase their core competitiveness. The dangers associated with power market-oriented trading are examined in this study, and three risk mitigation strategies are suggested: the creation of a big data power trading platform, an information management system, and a blacklist system. The findings demonstrate that the optimal trading approach can successfully reduce the risk of variation in electricity assessments and generate significant revenue from electricity usage for power users. Additionally, we develop a multi-objective combination optimisation profit model and advise positioning and defences for businesses following the introduction of the power selling side.

Exploration of cross-border e-commerce and its logistics supply chain innovation and development path for agricultural exports based on deep learning

Abstract This paper studies the cross-border e-commerce of agricultural products and its logistics supply chain collaborative management approach, the overall transaction mode and basic content, and proposes a cross-border e-commerce supply chain conceptual model. Aiming at the problems of agricultural product supply chains, a method for predicting agricultural product export prices is proposed. The Prophet algorithm under deep learning is utilized to construct the Prophet agricultural product price prediction model for trend, cycle, and holiday terms. Over the introduction of RNN algorithms and LSEM algorithms to optimize the prediction performance of the model, as well as the gradient explosion. On this basis, GRU neural networks are proposed as an improved model of RNN-LSTM. Prediction comparison experiments are designed to empirically analyze agricultural export price prediction and supply chain logistics risk control, and the results of the empirical analysis show that the vegetable export price predicted by using Prophet algorithm during the period of date 2013/4-2013/9 is 2.975, which differs from the actual price by 0.009 yuan, and the margin of error is in the interval of [-0.091,0.014], which is the smallest variation among the three algorithms, which shows that Prophet model has the best performance. After optimizing the FAPSC risk control coefficient, the risk value of supply chain logistics and transportation was successfully reduced from 0.364 to 0.296, and FAPSC effectively minimized the risk.

An investigation of students' intention to use E-payment service in Mobile Wallet in Ho Chi Minh City

E-payment services have witnessed a surge in demand in recent years due to their convenient cashless transaction mode. Several studies have investigated the influence of the intention of individuals to use mobile wallets. However, the study aims to examine the key factors that impact students’ intention to use E-payment services in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The Technology Acceptance Model combines two factors from the extended version of TAM including perceived convenience and trust to develop a conceptual model for this study. The online survey of 310 students from some universities collected the data and the Smart PLS was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, and perceived convenience have a positive influence on behavioral intention to use mobile wallets, while trust shows no positive effect on perceived usefulness.

Distributed cooperation optimization of multi-microgrids under grid tariff uncertainty: A nash bargaining game approach with cheating behaviors

Multi-microgrid system (MMGs) has drawn extensive attention recently because of its high energy efficiency. However, MMGs’ operational efficiency can be affected by market price fluctuations and intermittent renewable energy. This paper proposes an energy-sharing model based on the Nash bargaining game between multi-microgrids. The proposed model provides a robust energy trading schedule to deal with uncertainties brought by grid tariffs and renewable energy. To ensure the model is tractable, the original game problem is equivalently converted into a system benefit maximization subproblem and an additional profit distribution subproblem to get optimal energy sharing power and prices. In addition, microgrid has the motivation to cheat for maximizing its benefits which may lead to the breakdown of cooperation. Furthermore, cheating behaviors in energy transaction are analyzed; the energy sharing scheme based on cheating equilibrium is derived by proposing an intermediary transaction mode. Finally, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used to protect the players’ privacies in a distributed way. Simulation results show that the proposed model can realize stable cooperation, effectively reduce operating costs and immunize against multiple uncertainties and cheating behaviors.

Thoughts on Legal Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests under the Mode of "Live Streaming with Goods"

With the development of the network and the comprehensive popularization of intelligent terminals, live streaming with goods has become the most popular sales model at present. However, due to the virtual transaction mode of live delivery, the main body of live delivery is complicated, and the legitimate rights and interests of consumers may be violated due to a variety of problems in live delivery sales. And in the consumer rights will be difficult to complain, evidence difficulties and other problems. This paper mainly discusses the necessity of consumer rights and interests protection in livestreaming with the characteristics of livestreaming with goods, and explores the legal protection strategy of consumer rights and interests under the livestreaming with goods mode.

Research on an Improved Carbon Emission Flow Model Considering Electric Vehicle Charging Fluctuation and Hybrid Power Transaction

With the update of the power transaction mode and the access of increasing electric vehicles with high randomness to the power grid, the existing carbon emission flow calculation method cannot consider the influence of carbon emission due to the fluctuation in electric vehicle charging and various transaction modes. Given the above shortcomings, this paper proposes an improved carbon emission flow model considering electric vehicle charging fluctuations and hybrid power transactions. The model first considers different transaction modes, allocates the network loss to both sides of power generation, and forms a lossless network, realizing the decoupling of the bilateral transaction mode, pool transaction mode, and network loss and then calculating the day-ahead network’s carbon emission. Then, the changes in different transaction modes caused by the fluctuation in electric vehicle charging under different transaction modes are analyzed and the nodes of ‘spontaneous change’ are found to form a day-ahead intra-day deviation network and calculate its carbon emission flow. Finally, the calculation results are combined to obtain an improved power system carbon emission flow considering electric vehicle charging fluctuations and transaction modes. In this paper, the 33-node system is used for verification.

Stackelberg equilibrium-based energy management strategy for regional integrated electricity–hydrogen market

This paper develops an optimal energy bidding mechanism for the regional integrated electricity–hydrogen system (RIEHS) considering complex electricity–hydrogen energy flow and further presents an electricity–hydrogen optimization management strategy based on Stackelberg game. The transaction mode of the RIEHS is first introduced, and the optimization models for the three market game participants are established. Then, the Stackelberg game-based bidding mechanism is formulated, where the electricity–hydrogen operator (EHO) is the leader and the regional electricity–hydrogen prosumer (REHP) and load aggregator (LA) are the followers. The EHO dominates the game through energy bidding, and REHP and LA respond to the bidding decision. The Stackelberg equilibrium of the formulation is obtained by applying the differential evolutionary algorithm combined with quadratic programming (DEA-QP). Finally, a demonstration case is studied to analyze the market behavior of the three market players and further validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The proposed strategy is able to produce additional economic benefits to REHP and LA and improve the utilization of hydrogen.

Research on the Influence of E-commerce Development on Social Economy

The rapid development of e-commerce has indirectly contributed to the development of the national economy as it moves into people's lives and changes and influences their lives. As a new transaction mode different from the traditional one, e-commerce introduces manufacturers, distributors, consumers, and governments into a digital virtual space, allowing people to quickly accomplish more complex business activities without being restricted by geography and time. Integrating manual and electronic information processing into an inseparable whole optimizes the allocation of resources and improves the rigor and efficiency of business system operations. Therefore, the development of e-commerce has a multifaceted impact on society, the economy, and life. This paper analyzes the influence of e-commerce on people's consumption modes, the operation of enterprises, and the development of the financial market from many angles. Through the summary of these previous views, we will describe the impact of e-commerce on the social economy. The results show that the combination of e-commerce and traditional enterprises will be the future direction of economic development.

Comparison of old and new revenue recognition criteria and countermeasures——Take Evergrande Real Estate Group Co., Ltd. as an example

In the current social development, transaction mode is constantly having to bring out the old, and the step and method of revenue recognition is becoming more and more complex. So the defects of the original income criterion are exposed gradually. In order to comply with the trend of Chinese economic development and perfect our accounting information standard, the Ministry of Finance made an innovation income recognition criterion decision. Therefore, the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.14 Revenue (Finance and Accounting [2017] No.22) was released in July 2017. Compared with the original revenue recognition standards, the adjustment between the two standards and the revenue recognition standards in international financial reports basically converge, and the requirements for the way, time or time of revenue recognition of enterprises are significantly improved. Income is a very important indicator to evaluate the profitability of an enterprise in the process of operation, so the recognition and measurement of income is very important. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences between the old and new revenue recognition criteria, propose solutions to the problems, and clearly define how real estate enterprises recognize revenue under the new standard, what impact it will bring to real estate enterprises in practice, and what aspects real estate enterprises should pay attention to under the revised revenue criteria. This paper will also have a reference for other enterprises.

Institutional Segmentation, Inequality in Work Opportunities, and Income in Digital Labor Markets: Evidence Based on Witkey Transactions

ABSTRACT Digital technologies are rapidly transforming the world of work, creating digital labor markets. Based on transaction cost theory and labor market segmentation theory, this study adopts binary logistic and multiple regression models and uses EPWK transaction data (n = 21,808) to empirically examine the institutional segmentation phenomenon of digital labor markets. This study finds institutional segmentation existing in such markets, owing to differences in the Witkey level among employees, thus leading to inequality in work opportunities and labor remuneration income. Further, transaction mode and task type moderate the segmentation phenomenon. Suggestions are offered to reduce institutional segmentation by improving the platform system.

Environmental Impact on Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions

The development of the world economy cannot be separated from the economic exchanges between countries, and the main body of economic exchanges is multinational corporations. With the increase of the number of multinational corporations, more economic development situations will appear. In this paper, the new economic transaction mode of "cross-border mergers and acquisitions" is mainly discussed. In addition, due to the changing international situation, economic development is affected by various factors. Cross-border mergers and acquisitions are economic exchanges between countries. They are easily affected by these factors and will bear great risks. From the perspective of the host country, this paper expounds four environmental factors that have a significant impact on cross-border mergers and acquisitions, and from the perspective of the company, briefly describes which companies are more popular when the environmental factors are the same. By grasping the transaction environment, multinational M&A companies can better understand the objectives of M&A, consider the benefits of M&A, minimize the losses caused by cross-border transactions, and reduce transaction risks. Through the example of Lenovo's merger with IBM, we can see the difficulties and risks that need to be faced in mergers and acquisitions, and we can also see the huge benefits that enterprises can obtain after successful cross-border mergers and acquisitions.

Power transaction game algorithm with microgrid based on residual regression model

AbstractDirect transaction between the microgrid and distribution network is the most common market transaction mode. With the rapid expansion of business scale, industry development and diversification of service types, it is easy to cause problems such as opaque transaction data between users and easy tampering of transaction data. To improve the trading ability of the power market in the microgrid group, a game algorithm of power trading with microgrids based on a residual regression model is proposed. According to the power quality level and power sales strategy, a residual regression model is established to balance the characteristic quantity of electricity price. The quadratic function is used to solve the optimal selling strategy of power sales companies, and the threshold of equilibrium solution is analysed. The supply and demand model of the microgrid is established to optimize the decision variables of electricity price in power sales companies, and the fitness value is obtained by particle swarm optimization. The bidding strategy game model of the microgrid power sales company is constructed, and the rules of power transaction settlement are set to realize the transaction settlement between the microgrid and distribution network. The experimental results show that the electricity price is stable, the comprehensive income is high, the user income and cost income are moderate and the profit is high. Thus, it is proven that the proposed method is economical and effective, and the economy of electric energy use is guaranteed while fully considering the self-interest of microgrids.

Study on Standardization of Renewable Energy Asset Transaction

With the rapid development of the renewable energy industry, the traditional renewable energy asset transaction mode is facing great challenges in terms of the transaction cycle, security, work efficiency, and so on. This report analyzes the current situation of renewable energy asset transactions and system platforms. The purpose of this paper is to show the study of renewable energy asset transaction standard framework and standard content. Furthermore, this paper presents the concept of market-oriented renewable energy asset transaction, explains the basic framework of renewable energy asset transaction standards, and proposes a series of renewable energy asset transaction standards. Finally, it analyses the elements that need to be paid attention to promote the standardization of renewable energy asset transactions. The work pushes forward the coordinated development of science and technology, industry and finance of the renewable energy industry chain, and provides standardized support for convenient circulation and high-quality development in the renewable energy field.

Optimal operation of multi-agent electricity-heat-hydrogen sharing in integrated energy system based on Nash bargaining

The P2P transaction mode has significant potential in improving energy utilization, increasing economic efficiency, and promoting low carbon operation of the system. With the development of integrated energy system, the coupling between multi-energy systems is continuously strengthened, and the study of multi-energy P2P transactions is of great significance. Considering the characteristic that natural gas can blend with hydrogen, this paper proposes a multi-agent electricity-heat-hydrogen trading model by taking hydrogen produced on the load side as a P2P transaction object. Based on Nash bargaining theory, the multi-energy transactions model is equivalent to a cooperative game model. Then, the Nash bargaining model is transformed into two continuous subproblems of minimizing operating cost and maximizing transaction payment. The optimal cost of each agent operating independently is used as the negotiation rupture point, and the alternating direction multiplier method is used for sequential solution to obtain the multi-energy trading power and trading price, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using the distribution network IEEE 33-bus and natural gas 11 node systems. The results show that the revenue of subject 1 is increased by 11.9%, and the operating costs of the other subjects are reduced by 3.4%, 2.7% and 3.1%, respectively. The overall carbon tax cost of the system is reduced by 1 196.59 CNY, which can effectively reduce the carbon emission of the system.

Research on the Legal Effect of Guarantee in the Contract of Sale with Guarantee

As a kind of guarantee, conciliation guarantee has its own advantages and is often used in social civil activities. However, as an atypical guarantee, its effectiveness has been controversial. In judicial practice, the assignment guarantee contract is often presented in the appearance of a different name, that is, the transaction mode of "called transaction, but in fact loan" appears. There are two contracts involved in such a transaction mode, namely the loan contract and the sale contract. As a creditor's right contract, loan contract has the effect of confirming creditor's right. However, there are different academic views and practice cases on the validity of sales contract, so how to view the validity of sales contract itself will become the focus of research. Along with the promulgation of relevant normative legal documents, such as "Nine People's Records" and "Civil Code", the guarantee system becomes more and more clear, and the consensus is reached on the effect of guarantee.

Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Method of Multi-Virtual Power Plants Based on Non-Cooperative Game

The current electricity market fails to consider the energy consumption characteristics of transaction subjects such as virtual power plants. Besides, the game relationship between transaction subjects needs to be further explored. This paper proposes a Peer-to-Peer energy trading method for multi-virtual power plants based on a non-cooperative game. Firstly, a coordinated control model of public buildings is incorporated into the scheduling framework of the virtual power plant, considering the energy consumption characteristics of users. Secondly, the utility functions of multiple virtual power plants are analyzed, and a non-cooperative game model is established to explore the game relationship between electricity sellers in the Peer-to-Peer transaction process. Finally, the influence of user energy consumption characteristics on the virtual power plant operation and the Peer-to-Peer transaction process is analyzed by case studies. Furthermore, the effect of different parameters on the Nash equilibrium point is explored, and the influence factors of Peer-to-Peer transactions between virtual power plants are summarized. According to the obtained results, compared with the central air conditioning set as constant temperature control strategy, the flexible control strategy proposed in this paper improves the market power of each VPP and the overall revenue of the VPPs. In addition, the upper limit of the service quotation of the market operator have a great impact on the transaction mode of VPPs. When the service quotation decreases gradually, the P2P transaction between VPPs is more likely to occur.

뉴 리테일의 마케팅 전략에 관한 연구

In recent ten years, e-commerce has developed rapidly, and online business has grown rapidly, which has brought unlimited business opportunities to the majority of businesses. The flow of major e-commerce platforms is rich, which accelerates the growth and scale of sales. Through O2O, O2C and other modes, many links in the middle are omitted. The reduction of cost makes the price of goods lower, which also brings tangible benefits to consumers. However, because of this, the entry threshold of the major e-commerce platforms is getting higher and higher, and the original traffic has been partitioned by top-level businesses, which makes it difficult for the bottom- level businesses to survive; Physical stores, retailers, middlemen and other industries are impacted, making a large number of labor may face industry; The potential consumers who have not experienced the PC terminal before but jump to the mobile terminal are likely to be lost, and they may be abandoned by the times because they can't adapt to the transaction mode on the whole line for a while. In such a big environment, new retail quietly rises, its advantages close to consumers can also well neutralize the shortcomings of pure e-commerce. Ma Yun once said: traditional e-commerce will gradually be eliminated, and a new model will emerge. The "five new" put forward by Ma Yun has the leading concept of "new retail", which may replace e-commerce in the future. In the public information, the definition of new retail is to reshape the deep integration sales mode of the ecosystem for individuals or enterprises under the Internet based framework. In popular language, with the help of the network and high-tech means, we can rebuild our own product supply chain, and finally realize the dual layout of online and offline, so that the products of enterprises can reach consumers to the maximum extent. Therefore, this paper will study how to combine physical sales and e-commerce sales through online trading, Combined with practice and statistical data，and guess the development trend of e-commerce in the future.

Channel Conflict and Management of O2O Network Marketing Model Under E-Commerce Exploration of Ideas

With the continuous updating of Internet technology, the Internet has gradually become popular, and e-commerce has also ushered in new development opportunities. It has gradually evolved from electronic retail price segments and electronic trade to modern online. The transaction mode has become an important means of communication for the development of the industry. As a new type of activity, e-commerce forms a brand-new informatization model for the production, procurement, and sales of enterprises. Therefore, this paper will analyze the channel conflict of the offline to online (O2O) network marketing model under e-commerce, and propose specific management strategies.