Transaction Mode Research Articles

Cooperative game trading mode of virtual power plant group

Considering the complementarity of wind energy and light energy, this paper puts forward the cooperative game of virtual power plant with different clean energy output. Through real-time information exchange, the cooperative game transaction mode of virtual power plant group is proposed based on the original traditional virtual power plants directly trading with the distribution network. In the virtual power plant cooperative alliance, the virtual power plant with more electric power and the virtual power plant with less electric power could share electric power, thus obtaining higher overall profits. The nucleolus theory is used to distribute the benefits of the alliance. The validity of the model is verified by simulation.

Economic impact of the POP mode on distribution network reconstruction in the ‘coal‐to‐electricity’ project of the grid company in China: a new electricity transaction mode

AbstractThe ‘coal to electricity’ carried out by the grid company has had poor economic performance during its life cycle. This paper aims to investigate the economic impact of the package deal of off‐peak electricity transaction mode (POP) on the ‘coal‐to‐electricity’ project in comparison with peak and valley electricity price (PVP). The incremental net present value and the incremental benefit–cost ratio are selected as the main economical evaluating indicators. Taking a coal‐to‐electricity project in a region of Beijing, China, as an example to study the economic benefit of the grid company in POP. The results indicate that the economic benefit of the grid company is increased by 48% in POP compared to that in PVP. The incremental benefit–cost ratio is less than 1, which demonstrates that POP is conducive to improving the current loss status of the grid company. It is helpful to raise the grid company's enthusiasm for conducting the coal‐to‐electricity project. Finally, corresponding suggestions are put forward to help the grid company in improving the negative economic benefit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy for Group Decision Making of Water Engineering Project Delivery System Selection

The project delivery mode is an extremely important link in the life cycle of water engineering. Many cases show that increases in the costs, construction period, and claims in the course of the implementation of water engineering are related to the decision of the project delivery mode in the early stages. Therefore, it is particularly important to choose a delivery mode that matches the water engineering. On the basis of identifying the key factors that affect the decision on the project delivery system and establishing a set of index systems, a comprehensive decision of engineering transaction is essentially considered to be a fuzzy multi-attribute group decision. In this study, intuitionistic fuzzy entropy was used to determine the weight of the influencing factors on the engineering transaction mode; then, intuitionistic fuzzy entropy was used to determine the weight of decision experts. Thus, a comprehensive scheme-ranking model based on an intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid average (IFHA) operator and intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average (IFWA) operator was established. Finally, a practical case analysis of a hydropower station further demonstrated the feasibility, objectivity, and scientific nature of the decision model.

Exploring antecedents of behavioural intention and preferences in online peer-to-peer resource sharing: A Swedish university setting

Resource-optimization platforms appear as a valid option to more sustainable modes of consumption. The success of these platforms mostly depends on the capability to comprehend the potential users’ motives for engagement. We developed and tested a conceptual model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to investigate the relative significance of consumer motives for and against using a peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing platform. Qualitative interviews of an elicitation study (n=7) followed a quantitative survey (n=325) with potential users. The size of the demand for accessing specific products and services and the type of transaction mode preferred were also investigated. Attitude towards using a P2P sharing platform is the strongest predictor of behavioural intention among the TPB constructs. Ecological sustainability, sense of belonging, trust in other users, and familiarity are the most critical factors determining the attitude towards using the potential platform; process risk concerns were identified as the main hinder. There were more providers than takers to all likely items enquired, and accommodation and car-sharing had the most significant asymmetric ratios remarkably. Services in general and study materials were the items with the highest potential demand and supply. The preferred mode of exchange for the platform is a free system which includes donation and second-hand sales, and transfer of points or money. This study contributes to a better understanding of consumer motivations and desires to engage in sharing resources for sustainability transformations.

Dynamic Credit Risk Evaluation Method for E-Commerce Sellers Based on a Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Model

Credit risk evaluation is important for e-commerce platforms, due to the uncertainty and transaction risk associated with buyers and sellers. Moreover, it is the key ingredient for the development of the e-commerce ecosystem and sustainability of the financial market. The main objective of this paper is to develop an effective and user-friendly system for seller credit risk evaluation. Three hybrid artificial intelligent models, including (1) decision tree—artificial neural network (ANN), (2) decision tree—logistic regression, and (3) decision tree—dynamic Bayesian network have been investigated. The models were trained using sellers credit cases from Taobao, which has 609 cases, and each case had 23 categorical and numerical attributes. The results suggest that the combination of decision tree—ANN provides the highest accuracy, which can promote healthy and fast transactions between buyers and sellers on the platforms. This model is regarded as a powerful tool that allows us to build an advanced credit risk evaluation system, and meet the requirements of the platform transaction mode to be dynamic and self-learning—which will ultimately contribute to the sustainable development of the e-commerce ecosystem. The empirical results can serve as a reference for e-commerce platforms promoting an optimum credit risk evaluation model to improve e-commerce transaction environment and for buyers and investors making decisions.

Improved Simplex Method Algorithm used in power Market Clearing

Electric power industry is the foundation of national economy and plays a key role in the development of human society. Traditional power industry is monopolized by industry and lacks market efficiency. In recent years, it is seeking breakthroughs in market-oriented reform. Although China’s electricity market reform has achieved some results, but there are still lacking of market players and regional transactions, excessive data management, concentration and other defects. This puts forward higher requirements for the system design of power market trade. It is facing the electricity market security and performance challenges, the goal is to improve the electric power market transaction mode and enhance transaction security, it studied different kinds of markets transaction model to construct a perfect competitive market trade system, which based on block chaining technique. The trade model adopted different levels of multi auction which integrated intra provincial trading and inter provincial trading parts in a system. The intra province trading part adopt the model of contact trading and bidding coexist, each province carried out trading for surplus-deficit electricity on the basement of intra province demand. Here, it constructed a competitive cross-regional power market which can realize the intra-provincial contract, bidding and inter-provincial trading in day power market. The simulation results based on six provinces to shown the different conditions, and operated by the intelligent contracts. It recorded the full trading information distributed through the inter-provincial power trading algorithm in the intelligent contracts, the results has presented the amount of electricity transaction and the corresponding trading volume. It has achieved fair resource scheduling and transaction information security.

Intelligent transaction: definition, modes, and research directions

Purpose In the crowd intelligence networking era, the smart connections of human, machines and things enable point-to-point trustable transactions and distributed efficient collaboration; the smart connections among government, enterprises, organizations and the public would enable active participation of the public in society management and decision-making and improve the efficiency of government management and services. All interactions among various agents can be viewed as the transaction activity. The social division of labor system drives the evolution of transaction. The transaction mode also differentiated into different patterns with the development of human society. What will be the intelligent transaction in the crowd intelligence networking era? What will be the transactions modes and rules in the crowd intelligence networking era? The answers to these questions are of great importance to the future development of transactions. Design/methodology/approach The authors review the evolution of traditional transaction and transaction modes and analyze the driving forces of it. They attempt to give the definitions of intelligent transaction and intelligent transaction mode. They also review the traditional transaction modes and rules, analyze the characteristics of the intelligent transaction and classify the intelligent transaction modes. Findings The authors find the intelligent transaction is mainly reflected in the intellectualization of transaction subject, transaction object and transaction process. They summarize the characteristics of intelligent transaction and develop four modes for the intelligent transactions based on the modularization level of the transaction objects and the quantity of transaction subjects, including the demand side and the supply side. The authors also show representative examples to further illustrate rules and features of these transaction modes and point out the potential research directions. Originality/value This study is among the first to analyze the characteristics of the intelligent transaction, and the proposed division framework of the intelligent transaction modes could not only add value to the future research of intelligent transaction modes and rules but also help to guide the transactions in the crowd intelligence network.

Cross-border e-commerce commodity risk assessment using text mining and fuzzy rule-based reasoning

The potentially conflicting regulations of different countries can cause significant risk for cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), since the multi-varieties, small-batch transaction mode of CBEC prohibit the customs from carrying out comprehensive inspection on commodity quality. In this paper, a risk assessment method utilizing text mining and fuzzy rule-based reasoning is proposed, which is able to assess CBEC commodity risk quantitatively and semi-automatically. To do this, first the commodity safety regulations are transformed into risk rules considering a fuzzy representation of risk consequence. Then the features of CBEC commodities are extracted from webpages and the commodities are classified to be assessed with corresponding risk factors. For the inherent risk factors representing violations of safety regulations, the risk consequence is inferred using fuzzy rules. For the historical risk factors representing how often a kind of commodities have violated safety regulations, the risk probability and consequence are assessed by analyzing the import inspection record. At last, the overall risk of a CBEC commodity is obtained by aggregating the output of related risk factor. Experimental results show that the proposed method enhances CBEC commodity risk assessment by improving its efficiency and accuracy.

Transaction analysis of multi market players based on global energy Internet

The deepening of the research on energy Internet will bring breakthroughs to the energy industry, and it will also promote more market participants. In this paper, the main body of the market trading under the global energy Internet is analyzed, and the various market entities are subdivided. On this basis, the variety and transaction form of the power market are analyzed in combination with the technical characteristics of the global energy Internet, and the power transaction mode in the global energy Internet is designed. Finally, according to the foregoing, the cost benefit analysis and the general market return analysis of various market participants are analyzed to provide reference for the development of the global energy Internet.

Scheduling model of power system with renewable energy and transaction mode of direct electricity purchase by large consumers considering network security constraints

The policy of transaction mode of direct electricity purchase by large consumers will further reduce the power system scheduling space. When large-scale non-controllable wind turbines and photovoltaic power stations are connected to the system, the optimal scheduling of the system will face even more severe challenges. In order to analyse the impact of the direct purchase of large consumers on the system capacity of renewable energy, this paper proposes a scheduling model of power system with renewable energy and transaction mode of direct electricity purchase by large consumers considering network security constraints. By taking into account the network security constraints, this model can compute large power system and analyse the impact of the direct electricity purchase unit access node on renewable consumption capacity of the system. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, a real power system in a northern province of China is used in the case study. The consumed renewable energy is calculated and the reason for the wind and solar power curtailment is analysed. The influence of real-time price, contract size, and the unit access node of the direct electricity purchase on renewable energy consumption capacity of the system is analysed.

Research on Energy Blockchain Platform Based on Private Key Storage Algorithm of Image Information Hiding

With the adjustment of the world’s energy structure, the proportion of clean energy represented by renewable energy is increasing. In response to the shortcomings of renewable energy instability, researchers have proposed the concept of the microgrid. However, with the expansion of the scale of the promotion of the microgrid, the traditional energy distribution system with the sales company as the core exposes the shortcomings of being inflexible. Based on this researcher’s continuous exploration of new energy trading models, the energy blockchain has developed rapidly in recent years. Reliable private key storage is a necessary guarantee for the security of energy blockchain services. At present, blockchain private key storage technology still has many security risks in the new energy transaction mode. This paper first builds an energy blockchain platform inside the microgrid, so that all participants can complete energy transactions more safely and conveniently. At the same time, the energy blockchain private key storage technology based on image information hiding is proposed. The blockchain private key is hidden in the watermark information and embedded in the carrier image. A watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform and quantization index modulation is used to accurately extract the blockchain private key. Finally, the feasibility and security of the algorithm are proved by an example test analysis.

An Innovative Method for Project Transaction Mode Design Based on Case-Based Reasoning: A Chinese Case Study

Aiming at the design of a project transaction mode, the case-based reasoning (CBR) method is used as a methodology to build a case-based reasoning system based on project performance predictions. Thirty-four cases are initially selected for the practical application. Based on the classical CBR, the performance forecast is added, an improved continuous variable interpolation scoring method is proposed, and three types of manual revision methods are proposed: owner’s preference for the project transaction mode, extreme value, and secondary learning. The innovative method is verified with Nanjing HF Project as an example, and the results show that the case-based reasoning system can optimize the selection and design of the project transaction mode, providing a certain guarantee for project performance and facilitating the transfer of construction experience and knowledge within the construction industry.

Research on Transnational Economical Market Transaction Mode

The perfect cross-border power trading model is an important factor to promote cross-border power grid interconnection, a prerequisite for the sustainable development of networked projects, and an effective guarantee for promoting the sustainable development of clean energy. This paper first analyzes the current status and trends of global power market transactions and elaborates on different typical regions. Then, it proposes a power trading model and evolution path applicable to different types of projects to provide guarantee for the construction of a global unified power market trading system.

Credit Card Fraud Detection: A Novel Approach Using Aggregation Strategy and Feedback Mechanism

With the rapid development of electronic commerce, the number of transactions by credit cards are increasing rapidly. As online shopping becomes the most popular transaction mode, cases of transaction fraud are also increasing. In this paper, we propose a novel fraud detection method that composes of four stages. To enrich a cardholder’s behavioral patterns, we first utilize the cardholders’ historical transaction data to divide all cardholders into different groups such that the transaction behaviors of the members in the same group are similar. We thus propose a window-sliding strategy to aggregate the transactions in each group. Next, we extract a collection of specific behavioral patterns for each cardholder based on the aggregated transactions and the cardholder’s historical transactions. Then we train a set of classifiers for each group on the base of all behavioral patterns. Finally, we use the classifier set to detect fraud online and if a new transaction is fraudulent, a feedback mechanism is taken in the detection process in order to solve the problem of concept drift. The results of our experiments show that our approach is better than others.

Multi-agent Cooperative Operation Model and Profit Allocation of PV-based Microgrid

The new electric power reform scheme allows the users of distributed generation or microgrid systems to participate in electricity trade, which is beneficial to the improvement of economic benefits of microgrid. Generally, microgrid is composed of several economic members, including photovoltaic operators, storage operators, users and so on. Based on the analysis on the impetus of operation consortia, market transaction mode and their cooperative game model among the economic members in microgrid are proposed. The time-sharing scheduling model of PV-based microgrid decides the operation status of members to maximize the benefits of the whole alliance, and the revenue of each member in the alliance is allocated by the Shapley Value method. As can be seen, the revenue of photovoltaic operators, storage operators and users are increased in cooperation mode with the increase of the considerable revenue of alliance, and achieve the parties’ mutual balance. Besides, the computational complexity is relatively low, which contributes to the large-scale development of PV-based microgrid.

The priority classification method of mobile users under direct power transaction

With the development of mobile internet technology, market-oriented electricity reform forms a new transaction mode that "Internet + power trading", which further promotes the liberalization of retail side market. A large number of mobile power users actively participate in the electricity market transaction. However, the current standards for mobile users who are accessed to the market are qualitative standards, lacking of quantitative analysis. The priority classification method of mobile users under direct power transaction is proposed in the paper. First, the priority evaluation index set of mobile users is established from four dimensions that credit condition, environmental condition, power consumption condition and load importance to achieve evaluation quantitatively. Secondly, Kmeans clustering algorithm based on SOM is used to cluster mobile users. Finally, the paper recognizes the various types of mobile users as a whole and estimates their priorities using the improved AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process).The method realizes the specific division of mobile users from a point of quantitative view, and solves the problem of only qualitative standard currently, to optimize the development of direct power transaction and promote the marketization of power market.

Research and Discuss on Market model based on Blockchain

Electric power industry is the foundation of national economy and plays a key role in the development of human society. Traditional power industry is monopolized by industry and lacked of market efficiency. In recent years, it is seeking breakthroughs in the market-oriented reform. Although China’s electricity market reform has achieved some achievement, it is still lacked of market players, regional transactions, excessive data management, concentration and other defects. This paper puts forward higher requirements for the system design of power market transactions. The electrical power market is facing with the security and performance challenges, it is to improve the electrical power market transaction mode and to enhance transaction security, blockchain is a new decentralized framework and with a distributed computing paradigm, which integrates and innovates a variety of computer technologies, then it constructed a perfect competitive electricity market system. Using of different levels of multi auction trading model to integrate the province’s trading and inter provincial trading parts in one system. In the part of inter-province trading, it adopted the contract trading and bidding coexist pattern, the trade is carried out in each province Surplus-deficit electricity which based on the meet of the province’s demand basis. By using blockchain, it can conducted the intelligent contract and record the whole transaction information discretely, and provided the inquiry transaction channel to the users, so it can achieve the resource scheduling fairness and transaction information in security.

The role of moral transaction mode for sustainability of banking business

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of Islamic moral transaction mode as a moderator in sustainable Islamic microfinance banks (IMFBs) business model. Design/methodology/approach The paper highlighted the major issues of microfinance banks in Nigeria and presented an integrated model that will suffice the long-term survival of the institution. Moreover, regression analysis is also employed to examine the impacts of financial outreach on the Nigerian economic growth. Findings The authors find that Islamic moral transaction mode will moderate the sustainable Islamic banking business which can influence the sustenance of IMFBs and the well-being of the society through financial outreach. Research limitations/implications The paper has empirically tested the impact of financial outreach on growth, and suggested future studies to investigate the existing relationships among the proposed model components. Therefore, further studies have the opportunity to develop measurements that will guide in testing the model, as well as strengthening its components. Practical implications Implementing this model will enhance the sustainability of IMFBs and socio-economic well-being of the society through financial outreach. Consequently, this study also suggests other policy measures that will improve the sustenance of IMFBs and the society as a whole. Originality/value The paper contributes to the existing literature of microfinance banks by linking the components of the sustainable business model to primary evidence of Sharia coupled with an in-depth link to generosity.

A Novel Electricity Transaction Mode of Microgrids Based on Blockchain and Continuous Double Auction

The installed capacity of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources has increased continuously in power systems, and its market-oriented transaction is imperative. However, traditional transaction management based on centralized organizations has many disadvantages, such as high operation cost, low transparency, and potential risk of transaction data modification. Therefore, a decentralized electricity transaction mode for microgrids is proposed in this study based on blockchain and continuous double auction (CDA) mechanism. A buyer and seller initially complete the transaction matching in the CDA market. In view of the frequent price fluctuation in the CDA market, an adaptive aggressiveness strategy is used to adjust the quotation timely according to market changes. DG and consumer exchange digital certificate of power and expenditure on the blockchain system and the interests of consumers are then guaranteed by multi-signature when DG cannot generate power due to failure or other reasons. The digital certification of electricity assets is replaced by the sequence number with specific tags in the transaction script, and the size of digital certification can be adjusted according to transaction energy quantity. Finally, the feasibility of market mechanism through specific microgrid case and settlement process is also provided.

Design Path of Construction Project Transaction Mode based on Value-added Analysis of Project Objectives

Design of a scientific and effective project transaction model has an important influence on achieving the goal of construction projects and improving project value. This paper expands the connotation of project delivery method, the owner’s management method, contract type and procurement method, which are integrated into the overall framework of construction project transaction model, further clarifies the interaction logic between them and forms overall design path. Based on value-added analysis of the project target, the matrix analysis method and the value added method are used to analyze the design process. Finally, the whole design flow of project transaction model is formed. The design path proposed in this paper simplifies the workload in decision-making process, improves the rationality of decision making, and optimizes the design process.