Traditional Treatment Research Articles

The Anxiolytic Potential of Citrus Aurantium Essential Oil: A focused critical review

Anxiety disorders rank among the most common mental health issues globally, prompting extensive research into both traditional and alternative treatments. In this context, Citrus aurantium essential oil (bitter orange) has attracted scientific interest due to its anxiolytic properties. This essential oil's pharmacological effects are attributed to its active components, which interact with key neurotransmitter systems, including the serotoninergic and GABAergic, to exert anxiolytic, antidepressant, and sedative effects. Recent studies have explored these properties in various models, demonstrating Citrus aurantium's ability to alleviate anxiety-like behaviors in animal models and manage preoperative anxiety in humans. Despite promising preliminary findings, research on Citrus aurantium essential oil's efficacy and safety in anxiety treatment presents considerable variability in study design, methodologies, and outcomes. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the anxiolytic effects of Citrus aurantium essential oil, highlighting its potential therapeutic applications and the need for further research to clarify its efficacy and safety in clinical settings. By critically evaluating existing literature, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of Citrus aurantium essential oil as a potential non-pharmacological intervention for anxiety disorders, underscoring the importance of continued investigation in this promising area of complementary and alternative medicine.

Isolated Sagittal Craniosynostosis: A Comprehensive Review.

Sagittal craniosynostosis, a rare but fascinating craniofacial anomaly, presents a unique challenge for both diagnosis and treatment. This condition involves premature fusion of the sagittal suture, which alters the normal growth pattern of the skull and can affect neurological development. Sagittal craniosynostosis is characterised by a pronounced head shape, often referred to as scaphocephaly. Asymmetry of the face and head, protrusion of the fontanel, and increased intracranial pressure are common clinical manifestations. Early recognition of these features is crucial for early intervention, and understanding the aetiology is, therefore, essential. Although the exact cause remains unclear, genetic factors are thought to play an important role. Mutations in genes such as FGFR2 and FGFR3, which disrupt the normal development of the skull, are suspected. Environmental factors and various insults during pregnancy can also contribute to the occurrence of the disease. An accurate diagnosis is crucial for treatment. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and three-dimensional reconstructions play a crucial role in visualising the prematurely fused sagittal suture. Clinicians also rely on a physical examination and medical history to confirm the diagnosis. Early detection allows for quick intervention and better treatment outcomes. The treatment of sagittal craniosynostosis requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes neurosurgery, craniofacial surgery, and paediatric care. Traditional treatment consists of an open reconstruction of the cranial vault, where the fused suture is surgically released to allow normal growth of the skull. However, advances in minimally invasive techniques, such as endoscopic strip craniectomy, are becoming increasingly popular due to their lower morbidity and shorter recovery times. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sagittal craniosynostosis, highlighting the aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and current treatment options.

Effects of Curcumin on Treatment Outcome in Patients with Cancer Diagnosis

Introduction: Treatment options for palliative care in patients with cancer aim to improve quality of life, and, in this context, alternative, complementary treatments are under study to reduce treatment side effects and increase traditional treatment efficacy. Curcumin is a food supplement derived from the plant Curcuma longa, which has recently received increasing attention because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Previous clinical trials, with different results, investigated Curcumin’s efficacy in cancer treatment. We aimed to explore the effect of Curcumin on treatment outcomes in patients with cancer diagnosis. Methods: In this systematic mini-review, conducted to answer the research question "What is the effect of curcumin on treatment outcome of cancer patients?" we searched four portals/databases (Pubmed/Medline, BVS/Lilacs, Scielo, and Cochrane). The PICOT strategy adopted was: P - patients with cancer; I - Curcumin; C- not applicable; O - treatment outcome; T- RCT and cohort studies. Independent reviewers checked for eligibility and study quality. Results: We included six studies regarding prostate cancer, head and neck tumors, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and bladder cancer. Studies showed good tolerability for Curcumin with mild adverse effects. However, it showed no significant difference in survival or tumor progression. On the contrary, researchers observed exciting findings concerning preventing and relieving chemotherapy-related adverse effects. Discussion: Curcumin appears to be an intriguing potential adjuvant therapy in patients with cancer. Further studies on the topic are needed to investigate its possible concrete applications and to address the known problem of its poor bioavailability.

Enhanced tensile strength of TiAl/Ti2AlNb diffusion bonding joint by a novel post-bonded hot deformation

Dissimilar TiAl-based alloys weld by solid-state bonding, also known as diffusion bonding (DB), usually show brittle intermetallic compounds, high interfacial stress, and poor properties. A novel post-bonded process strategy, slight deformation in the direction of stress parallel to the bonding interface, was developed in the post-bonded treatment of the TiAl/Ti2AlNb joint. The effect of post-bonded processes on the interfacial microstructure, element diffusion, fracture characteristics and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The results showed that the post-bonded hot deformation (PBHD), compared to the traditional post-bonded heat treatment (PBHT), can effectively increase the major elements diffuse and the growth of the reaction layer, as well as promote the precipitates which distribute uniformly in the reaction layer, finally resulting in superior tensile strength. Compared with the DB samples, the ultimate tensile strength of the PBHD joint increased by 45.58%. In addition, the fracture behavior was further analyzed based on the microfracture morphology and crack propagation path. These findings will facilitate the development of advanced manufacturing processes of blisk for high-temperature light alloys.

Application of calcium overload-based ion interference therapy in tumor treatment: strategies, outcomes, and prospects.

Low selectivity and tumor drug resistance are the main hinderances to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy against tumor. Ion interference therapy is an innovative anti-tumor strategy that has been recently reported to induce metabolic disorders and inhibit proliferation of tumor cells by reordering bioactive ions within the tumor cells. Calcium cation (Ca2+) are indispensable for all physiological activities of cells. In particular, calcium overload, characterized by the abnormal intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, causes irreversible cell death. Consequently, calcium overload-based ion interference therapy has the potential to overcome resistance to traditional tumor treatment strategies and holds promise for clinical application. In this review, we 1) Summed up the current strategies employed in this therapy; 2) Described the outcome of tumor cell death resulting from this therapy; 3) Discussed its potential application in synergistic therapy with immunotherapy.

Innovations in Thoracic Oncology and the Promise of Liquid Biopsies with Dr. Luis Raez.

Thoracic oncology continues to pose a great threat to human health as one of the most common forms of cancer. Liquid biopsies present a transformative approach to treating patients affected by these types of diseases by providing a less invasive genetic overview of the tumor, aiding in both diagnostic and treatment measures. The primary objective of this article is to examine the prospects of liquid biopsies in managing thoracic malignancies and to present barriers to their usage as demonstrated by Dr. Luis Raez. In examining why molecular diagnostics continue to be employed together with more traditional methods, this article presents the next steps in the clinical application of blood-based cancer screening. Future cancer diagnosis and treatment aim to prioritize circulating biomarker analyses based on their potential for the detection and monitoring of thoracic cancers. Liquid biopsies are favored thanks to their reduced invasiveness with respect to traditional treatments. The further study of clinical biomarkers and technological advancements are thus pivotal to enhance the clinical applicability of this method. In conclusion, this blood-based analysis offers a promising route by which the diagnosis, treatments, and outcomes of thoracic cancer can be improved.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРЕПАРАТА НАПРАВЛЕННОЙ БИОКОРРЕКЦИИ И ПРЕПАРАТА, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ЛАКТОФЕРРИН, В КОМПЛЕКСНОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННОГО ПАРОДОНТИТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПЕРВИЧНЫМ ГИПОТИРЕОЗОМ

Subject In the traditional complex treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases, antibacterial, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agents are of paramount importance. These products allow you to obtain not only a positive clinical result, but can also manifest their negative properties, having an ambiguous effect on the microbiome of the oral cavity and periodontal tissue. The use of targeted biocorrection drugs and immunocorrectors has a significant local anti-inflammatory effect with minimal side effects. Their use in the complex treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis has not been studied enough.
 Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of using a targeted biocorrection drug and a phytocomplex with lactoferrin in the complex treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
 Material and methods. We observed 90 patients with the main diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism aged 44–59. The patients were divided into 3 groups: in group No. 1, 30 patients received traditional primary periodontal therapy, in group No. 2, 30 patients in whom this therapy was combined with a directed biocorrection drug, in group No. 3, 30 people for whom traditional primary periodontal therapy was combined with a directed biocorrection drug and a drug containing lactoferrin. The comparison group included 30 gender and age-matched patients with chronic generalized periodontitis without thyroid pathology. All patients underwent clinical, X-ray and index evaluation of periodontal tissues. 
 Results. In patients of group No. 1, after traditional treatment, clinical and index evaluation data indicated the persistence of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues. In groups No. 2 and No. 3 on the background of traditional treatment and additionally administered.
 Conclusions. The addition of a traditional treatment regimen for chronic generalized periodontitis with a targeted biocorrection drug and a drug containing lactoferrin is justified and effective.

A102 EUS-GUIDED GASTROENTEROSTOMY IS COST-EFFECTIVE COMPARED TO SURGICAL GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY AND ENTERAL STENTING FOR PALLIATION OF MALIGNANT GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION

Abstract Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is an emerging modality for the treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), which combines the benefits of the traditional treatments by providing a robust bypass using a minimally invasive, endoscopic approach. The health economic aspects of this new treatment compared to the traditional treatment approaches are not known. Aims To conduct a cost-consequence analysis to compare the costs and benefits of using EUS-GE, surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ) and enteral stenting (ES) for the management of malignant GOO. Methods A decision analytical model, comprising a decision tree and a time-dependent state-transition model with three health states (no recurrent GOO, recurrent GOO, and death), was designed. The costs and benefits of the first month are included in the decision tree, after which, simulated patients enter the time-dependent state-transition model and the costs and consequences of each intervention are estimated for each monthly cycle until the end of a twelve-month time horizon. To address uncertainty around parameters, the expected values of costs and other outcomes were obtained through probabilistic analysis. The model parameters were assigned probability distributions and 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations were conducted using randomly sampled values drawn from these distributions. The outcomes were the estimated total cost and the probability of recurrent GOO in the follow-up time. We compared the incremental cost of avoiding recurrent GOO between these three strategies. A willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 to avoid recurrent GOO was established a priori. Results The total estimated costs for EUS-GE, SGJ, and ES, were $82,575 (SD, $16,240), $149,731 (SD, $27,254), and $77,324 (SD, $14,529), respectively. SGJ (6.84% [SD, 1.34]) had a lower GOO recurrence rate compared to EUS-GE (8.70% [SD, 1.64] and ES (23.37% [SD, 3.82]; however, when comparing SGJ with EUS-GE and ES, the incremental cost to avoid GOO recurrence was $ 3,611,345 and $37,854, respectively. The cost of avoiding GOO recurrence using EUS-GE compared to ES was $35,774. Conclusions EUS-GE has emerged as a cost-effective option in treating patients with malignant GOO. It is associated with a much lower cost per avoided recurrent GOO when compared to SGJ, and it is more effective in preventing recurrent GOO than ES at a cost that is well below the pre-set willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000. Cumulative rate of GOO recurrence for EUS-GE, SGJ and ES Funding Agencies None

Utilizing Machine Learning Models with Molecular Fingerprints and Chemical Structures to Predict the Sulfate Radical Rate Constants of Water Contaminants

Sulfate radicals are increasingly recognized for their potent oxidative capabilities, making them highly effective in degrading persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in aqueous environments. These radicals excel in breaking down complex organic molecules that are resistant to traditional treatment methods, addressing the challenges posed by POPs known for their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential health impacts. The complexity of predicting interactions between sulfate radicals and diverse organic contaminants is a notable challenge in advancing water treatment technologies. This study bridges this gap by employing a range of machine learning (ML) models, including random forest (DF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), XGBoost (XGB), gradient boosting (GB), and Bayesian ridge regression (BR) models. Predicting performances were evaluated using R2, RMSE, and MAE, with the residual plots presented. Performances varied in their ability to manage complex relationships and large datasets. The SVM model demonstrated the best predictive performance when utilizing the Morgan fingerprint as descriptors, achieving the highest R2 and the lowest MAE value in the test set. The GB model displayed optimal performance when chemical descriptors were utilized as features. Boosting models generally exhibited superior performances when compared to single models. The most important ten features were presented via SHAP analysis. By analyzing the performance of these models, this research not only enhances our understanding of chemical reactions involving sulfate radicals, but also showcases the potential of machine learning in environmental chemistry, combining the strengths of ML with chemical kinetics in order to address the challenges of water treatment and contaminant analysis.

A144 ZENKER’S PERORAL ENDOSCOPIC MYOTOMY (Z-POEM) OUTCOMES IN TREATMENT OF ZENKER’S DIVERTICULUM: A RETROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES

Abstract Background Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) is an outpouching of tissue in an area of the posterior hypopharynx called the Killian triangle. ZD is associated with dysphagia, regurgitation, cough and recurrent aspirations. Open surgical repair has been the traditional treatment approach but has high morbidity (0-40%) and mortality (0-9.5%). Endoscopic intervention with septotomy is a less invasive approach with lower complications and shorter recovery times. However, technical success rates range between 56.4-100%, and recurrences occur in 0-32% of patients. Recent studies have shown promising results for peroral endoscopic myotomy treatment of ZD (Z-POEM), although data is limited. Aims In this first Canadian case series, we assess the safety and efficacy of Z-POEM, a novel approach for managing ZD. Methods This is a retrospective case series of all patients who underwent Z-POEM for ZD at Kingston Health Sciences center between July 2021-2023. Data collected included patient demographics, symptoms [Kothari Haber Score (KHS)] pre and post Z-POEM, ZD size and prior treatments. Technical outcomes were also analyzed including the procedure time and the Z-POEM Difficulty Score (ZPDS), which ranges from 0-3 based on maneuverability, fibrosis, and oozing. Clinical success was defined as complete or near-complete resolution of symptoms (i.e. KHS ampersand:003C2), and recurrence was defined as KHS of 3 or more. Lastly, we recorded adverse events and hospital length of stay. Results This case series included 9 patients (6 males and 3 females). The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 66.1 ± 10.64 years. One patient had two separate Z-POEM procedures and those were analyzed separately (total sample size = 10). The mean duration of symptoms before the procedure was 31.2 ± 10.12 months and the mean size of ZD was 2.25 ± 1.10 cm. Two patients had prior treatments before their Z-POEM procedure. The median preprocedural KHS was 6 (range 3-10) with dysphagia being the most commonly reported symptom in 80% of patients. In terms of technical outcomes, the mean procedural time was 32.3 ± 13.21 mins, and the median ZPDS score was 2. Most patients required 4-6 clips, with one patient requiring 11 clips for closure. No adverse events or periprocedural complications were reported. 9/10 patients (90%) were discharged one day after the procedure, and one patient required a longer stay (4 days) for observation. Clinical success was achieved in 8/10 patients (80%) of patients with a KHS score of 0 at mean 12 months follow-up. The remaining two patients (20%) had a KHS score of 3 at follow-up suggesting some persistent symptoms. Conclusions Z-POEM is safe and effective in management of ZD with high technical and clinical success rates in the short-term. Larger-scale studies are required to determine the long-term clinical efficacy of Z-POEM in treatment of ZD. Funding Agencies None

The application of a 4D-printed chitosan-based stem cell carrier for the repair of corneal alkali burns

BackgroundCorneal alkali burns can lead to ulceration, perforation, and even corneal blindness due to epithelial defects and extensive cell necrosis, resulting in poor healing outcomes. Previous studies have found that chitosan-based in situ hydrogel loaded with limbal epithelium stem cells (LESCs) has a certain reparative effect on corneal alkali burns. However, the inconsistent pore sizes of the carriers and low cell loading rates have resulted in suboptimal repair outcomes. In this study, 4D bioprinting technology was used to prepare a chitosan-based thermosensitive gel carrier (4D-CTH) with uniform pore size and adjustable shape to improve the transfer capacity of LESCs.MethodsPrepare solutions of chitosan acetate, carboxymethyl chitosan, and β-glycerophosphate sodium at specific concentrations, and mix them in certain proportions to create a pore-size uniform scaffold using 4D bioprinting technology. Extract and culture rat LESCs (rLESCs) in vitro, perform immunofluorescence experiments to observe the positivity rate of deltaNp63 cells for cell identification. Conduct a series of experiments to validate the cell compatibility of 4D-CTH, including CCK-8 assay to assess cell toxicity, scratch assay to evaluate the effect of 4D-CTH on rLESCs migration, and Calcein-AM/PI cell staining experiment to examine the impact of 4D-CTH on rLESCs proliferation and morphology. Establish a severe alkali burn model in rat corneas, transplant rLESCs onto the injured cornea using 4D-CTH, periodically observe corneal opacity and neovascularization using a slit lamp, and evaluate epithelial healing by fluorescein sodium staining. Assess the therapeutic effect 4D-CTH-loaded rLESCs on corneal alkali burn through histological evaluation of corneal tissue paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as immunofluorescence staining of frozen sections.ResultsUsing the 4D-CTH, rLESCs were transferred to the alkali burn wounds of rats. Compared with the traditional treatment group (chitosan in situ hydrogel encapsulating rLESCs), the 4D-CTH-rLESC group had significantly higher repair efficiency of corneal injury, such as lower corneal opacity score (1.2 ± 0.4472 vs 0.4 ± 0.5477, p < 0.05) and neovascularization score (5.5 ± 1.118 vs 2.6 ± 0.9618, p < 0.01), and significantly higher corneal epithelial wound healing rate (72.09 ± 3.568% vs 86.60 ± 5.004%, p < 0.01).ConclusionIn summary, the corneas of the 4D-CTH-rLESC treatment group were similar to the normal corneas and had a complete corneal structure. These findings suggested that LESCs encapsulated by 4D-CTH significantly accelerated corneal wound healing after alkali burn and can be considered as a rapid and effective method for treating epithelial defects.Graphical abstract

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their mechanisms of regeneration for cardiac diseases

Ischemic heart disease remains a major contributor to mortality and disability despite significant advancements in traditional treatments. This threat underscores the need for exploring innovative cell-based therapies. The analysis of various stem and progenitor cells&amp;rsquo; capacity to promote heart regeneration has led to encouraging outcomes in preclinical and clinical experiments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated the ability to contribute to heart regeneration through several pathways, including differentiation from the mesoderm lineage, immunomodulatory characteristics, and paracrine actions. In addition, their accessibility, maintenance, and capacity to replenish endogenous stem cell niches render them appropriate for cutting-edge research. This review outlines the robust mechanism underpinning MSC-based heart regeneration, presents the potential therapeutic uses of MSCs for ischemic heart disease, and highlights some preclinical findings.

Testing the potential antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus Niger and Talaromyces marneffei isolated from pets

Origanum vulgare (oregano) is an aromatic herb commonly used in the Mediterranean, widely known for its medicinal properties. In this experiment, we tested its antifungal properties against two species of Aspergillus (A. niger and A. fumigatus) and the emerging Talaromyces marneffei. We tested the plant’s antifungal activity in a range of concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/mL) in which the plant was dissolved and mixed with growth medium (PDA) and then inoculated with the fungi. The percentage of inhibition was measured over 7 days with data being collected on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days. Fungal activity inhibition ranging from 30 to 100% was achieved against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus and from 50 to 100% against Talaromyces marneffei. This multi-disciplinary study brought the use of plants into the veterinary sciences by using samples isolated from pets, with the aim of researching potential alternatives to traditional antifungal treatments and the ultimate goal ofincreasing animal wellbeing.

Fermented milk product “Narineh” with Lactobacillus acidophilus in sequential and classical therapy for Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcers

Background: In recent years, there has been a growing dissatisfaction with the classical schemes of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in ulcerative disease among physicians due to frequent failures in eradication therapy, mostly due to antibiotic resistance. It is a known fact that the Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Objective: Our main goal was to investigate the ability of the fermented milk product "Narineh,” as a functional food, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus to evaluate the efficiency and incidence of adverse effects in addition to the standard triple scheme of eradication therapy with colloidal bismuth substrate. Methods: The patients with peptic ulcer were divided into 2 groups: control (42 patients) received traditional treatment regimens, including 7 days proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + amoxicillin (A) and clarithromycin (C) in the standard doses and subsequent 14 day De-nol (colloidal bismuth subcitrate); experimental (44 patients) received in addition to this standard conventional scheme "Narineh" - 200g, containing 2x109 Lactobacillus acidophilus one time a day starting from the 8-th day for 4 weeks. The results of the eradication in patients were evaluated after 4 -5 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after completion of treatment using the C13 respiratory urea test (RUT). Repeated endoscopy with histological biopsies was carried out together with RUT in 4-5 weeks after the completion of treatment, and later (6-12 months) for the identification of recurrent ulcer. Results: The treatment with “Narineh” added to the standard regimen significantly reduces the percentage of reinfection and relapse of the disease with a statistical difference (P&lt;0,05). The combination of fermentation milk product “Narineh”, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus with bismuth subcitrate, doesn’t cause a violation of biocenosis of the large intestine, in contrast to the PPI and antibiotics with a statistical difference (P&lt;0,05). In addition, it provides the normalization of gut biocenosis and reduces the frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and other side effects. Conclusion: The treatment with “Narineh” added to the standard scheme is more effective for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection and significantly reduces the percentage of reinfection and relapse of the disease and lessens the side effects of medications. Keywords: peptic ulcer, eradication Helicobacter pylori, side effects reinfection, fermented milk product “Narineh”, Lactobacillus acidophilus, functional foods

Synchronous surface reconstruction and grain boundary healing toward efficient and stable inverted CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells

Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite has gained considerable attentions due to its unique photoelectric properties. However, numerous defects are inevitably existed on the surface and grain boundaries (GBs) of CsPbI3 resulting from the rapid crystallization and growth progress. Herein, different from the traditional ammonium salt treatment mechanism, we propose a facile strategy to synchronously achieve surface reconstruction and grain boundary healing by using 1,3-propylene diamine (PDA) post-treatment on CsPbI3 film. It is discovered that the PDA with suitable concentration can preferentially invade the defect sites of surface and GBs of CsPbI3 film, thereby break the soft perovskite structure in the shallow surface. With further low temperature annealing treatment, the broken CsPbI3 surface would undergo rapid secondary crystal growth to acquire smoother and blurred morphology with reduced GBs and pinholes, primarily derived from the strong interaction between the highly active amino groups of liquid PDA and Pb of perovskite. Meanwhile, the residual PDA molecules mainly anchor at the surface and GBs, and thus connect neighboring perovskite grains, coordinate uncoordinated sites to effectively passivate defects, and also resist the external invasions. Consequently, the inverted PDA-based CsPbI3 device yields a champion PCE of 20.02% with significantly improved long-term storage stability and operational stability.

Azacitidine induced lung injury: report and contemporary discussion on diagnosis and management.

Azacitidine, a hypomethylating agent, has caused a paradigm shift in the outcomes of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not eligible for stem cell transplantation, particularly in combination with BCL2 and IDH inhibitors. Azacitidine and Azacitidine-based combinations have been widely considered a safe low-intensity therapy when compared to traditional conventional treatments. The development of lung toxicity from azacitidine is not a well-characterized adverse event. However, if it happens, it can be fatal, especially if not recognized and treated promptly. In this review, we aim to familiarize the reader with the presentation of azacitidine-induced lung injury, provide our suggested approach to management based on our experience and the current understanding of its mechanism, and review the literature of 20 case reports available on this topic.

Practice of neural homeostasis theory in the treatment of glioma

Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. It is resistant to traditional treatments or tends to invade brain functional areas. The current treatment options often lead to high rates of disability or mortality, emphasizing the urgent need for new therapies and approaches. Neurohomeostasis, which is responsible for maintaining normal physiological functions in body, plays a critical role in the development and progression of glioma. In the clinical management of glioma, it is important not only to target the tumor cells but also to address the neurohomeostatic imbalances before, during, and after surgery, for achieving better treatment outcomes. The exploration, development, and application of the neurohomeostasis theory in glioma treatment have the potential to develop current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering new perspectives for the clinical management of this condition.

Enhanced Classical Radiation Damping of Electronic Cyclotron Motion in the Vicinity of the Van Hove Singularity in a Waveguide

Abstract We study the damping process of electron cyclotron motion and the resulting emission in a waveguide using the classical Friedrichs model without relying on perturbation analysis such as Fermi’s golden rule. A Van Hove singularity appears at the lower bound (or cutoff frequency) of the dispersion associated with each of the electromagnetic field modes in the waveguide. In the vicinity of the Van Hove singularity, we found that not only is the decay process associated with the resonance pole enhanced (amplification factor ∼104) but the branch-point effect is also comparably enhanced. As a result, the timescale on which most of the decay occurs is dramatically shortened. Further, this suggests that the non-Markovian branch-point effect should be experimentally observable in the vicinity of the Van Hove singularity. Our treatment yields a physically acceptable solution without the problematic runaway solution that is well known to appear in the traditional treatment of classical radiation damping based on the Abraham–Lorentz equation.

Summary of biological research on hepatoblastoma: a scoping review.

Hepatoblastoma is the most prevalent primary hepatic malignancy in children, comprising 80% of pediatric hepatic malignancies and 1% of all pediatric malignancies. However, traditional treatments have proven inadequate in effectively curing hepatoblastoma, leading to a poor prognosis. A literature search was conducted on multiple electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar). A total of 86 articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. This review aims to consolidate recent developments in hepatoblastoma research, focusing on the latest advances in cancer-associated genomics, epigenetic studies, transcriptional programs and molecular subtypes. We also discuss the current treatment approaches and forthcoming strategies to address cancer-associated biological challenges. To provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms associated with hepatoblastoma occurrence, this review highlights three key aspects: genomics, epigenetics, and transcriptomics. Our review aims to facilitate the exploration of novel molecular mechanisms and the development of innovative clinical treatment strategies for hepatoblastoma.

Biological Effects and Biomedical Applications of Areca Nut and Its Extract.

The dried, mature fruit of the palm tree species Areca catechu L. is known as the areca nut (AN) or betel nut. It is widely cultivated in the tropical regions. In many nations, AN is utilized for traditional herbal treatments or social activities. AN has historically been used to address various health issues, such as diarrhea, arthritis, dyspepsia, malaria, and so on. In this review, we have conducted a comprehensive summary of the biological effects and biomedical applications of AN and its extracts. Initially, we provided an overview of the constituents in AN extract. Subsequently, we summarized the biological effects of AN and its extracts on the digestive system, nervous system, and circulatory system. And we elucidated the contributions of AN and its extracts in antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial applications. Finally, we have discussed the challenges and future perspectives regarding the utilization of AN and its extracts as emerging pharmaceuticals or valuable adjuncts within the pharmaceutical field.