Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their mechanisms of regeneration for cardiac diseases

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease remains a major contributor to mortality and disability despite significant advancements in traditional treatments. This threat underscores the need for exploring innovative cell-based therapies. The analysis of various stem and progenitor cells’ capacity to promote heart regeneration has led to encouraging outcomes in preclinical and clinical experiments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated the ability to contribute to heart regeneration through several pathways, including differentiation from the mesoderm lineage, immunomodulatory characteristics, and paracrine actions. In addition, their accessibility, maintenance, and capacity to replenish endogenous stem cell niches render them appropriate for cutting-edge research. This review outlines the robust mechanism underpinning MSC-based heart regeneration, presents the potential therapeutic uses of MSCs for ischemic heart disease, and highlights some preclinical findings.