Traditional Games Research Articles

Knitting Tradition and Mathematics: Systematizing the Literature on Indonesian Traditional Games and Mathematical Dimensions

Mathematics presents significant learning challenges for students globally, which is often reflected in poor academic performance. This research explores the potential of traditional Indonesian games to enhance math learning, an under-explored approach that can also contribute to cultural preservation This research investigates how traditional Indonesian games can enhance math learning. We conducted a Systematic Literature Review, selecting articles through keyword searches in the Google Scholar database. The criteria used were articles on Indonesian traditional games. The result of this study is that traditional Indonesian games can enhance math learning by: (1) Presenting a strong rationale that the use of Indonesian traditional games in mathematics learning is often motivated by difficulties in learning mathematics as well as cultural preservation; (2) Integrating traditional games in mathematics learning according to students' characteristics, especially at the elementary level; (3) Applying relevant mathematics topics, such as geometry and number, in traditional games; (4) Integrating traditional games that are widely known by students, such as engklek and congklak, in mathematics learning; (5) Apply the presentation technique of integrating traditional games and mathematics through learning activities at school with teachers; (6) Realize that the integration of traditional games in mathematics learning affects students' affective, cognitive, psychomotor, and skill abilities that will improve their mathematics abilities.

Teachers' Views on the Role of Traditional Children's Games in Education

This research aimed to determine the opinions of teachers who participated in the “I Live My Values with Traditional Games Project (ILMVTGP)” in the 2nd semester of the 2022-2023 academic year regarding the role of traditional children's games (TCG) in education. In the study, phenomenological research design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The study group consisted of 17 teachers in total, including 12 primary school teachers and 5 physical education teachers who participated in ILMVTGP in Aksaray/Eskil. Criterion sampling method was used to determine the participants and focus group interviews were held with the participants. Content analysis was performed to evaluate the data collected with the semi-structured interview form. According to the research findings, four themes were determined: “development”, “cultural bridge”, “value transfer” and “educational tool”. Teachers participating in ILMVTGP stated that TCG supports the holistic development of students and that physical development is especially at the forefront. Traditional games serve as an important cultural bridge in transferring our culture to future generations. The role of traditional games in transferring the values of respect, love, helpfulness, honesty, friendship, and tolerance inherent in our culture was emphasized by teachers. Attention has been drawn to the role of traditional games in transferring physical education lesson achievements, and especially psychomotor achievements, to students. It was stated that students' love for school and motivation to learn increased, their negative behaviors decreased and their academic success increased. As a result of the research; It has been determined that the use of TCG in education serves the purposes of the physical education course curriculum and has a positive impact on children in terms of holistic development, culture, and value transfer. Based on these results, it is recommended that traditional games be used effectively at the basic education level and supported by the authorities.Keywords: Basic Education, Culture, Development, Traditional Children's Games, Values

Design and validation of a scale for the assessment of educational competencies in traditional musical games

This work studies the traditional musical game as a didactic resource in the development of educational competencies in primary school students. The purpose of the study is to validate a scale for the evaluation of essential educational factors in the work of intrinsic competencies in traditional musical games. With a mixed design, the study involves a qualitative approach to the review and discussion of the contributions of social psychology theories: contact theory, cultural values theory, and attitude theory as well as a quantitative approach using an exploratory factor analysis, a parallel analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis of the use of traditional musical games in a sample of 276 primary school students. From an initial questionnaire of 30 items, a final questionnaire of 18 items was obtained, grouped into 4 subscales (Right to Play/Fun and Preferences/Choice of Game Partners/Emotion and Inclusion) derived from the theories of social psychology. The results demonstrate the need for effective tools to measure the educational value of traditional games. This scale could serve as a tool to contribute to the educational research on traditional musical games. Finally, the educational implications that the adoption of traditional games in the classroom can have in terms of integration, equal inclusion, and the social, physical, emotional, and cognitive development of primary school students are discussed.

Innovative Combination of Dodgeball and Soccer Skills in Developing a Recreational Game

Today, traditional games are important because they hold cultural value, foster social interaction, require physical movement, and impart critical thinking skills needed in a multifaceted, interconnected world. This research focuses on creating a modified recreational game called Likyan-Bola, blending elements of dodgeball and soccer kicking skills to suit the needs and abilities of different groups. The study involved 200 participants from Mindanao State University- General Santos City, including varsity athletes, physical education students, and Bachelor of Physical Education students. The Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model was used for qualitative research design, employing the Successive Approximation Model (SAM). Feedback from participants highlighted the game's positive reception, with themes emerging around the modified game's development, gender inclusivity, and skill competence. Overall, Likyan-Bola was found to be playable, valid, and well-received, suggesting its potential for widespread adoption in physical education classes.

Teaching Sustainability through Traditional Sporting Games

Traditional sports games (TSGs), deeply rooted in local culture, serve as valuable resources for educating in sustainable development, aligning with guidelines set forth by international resolutions such as the Agenda 2030. This study investigated how ethnomotor variables in the educational use of TSGs with objects influenced emotional well-being and the acquisition of significant and contextualised physical and social sustainability learning involving various educational agents. The study adopted a qualitative and inductive approach centred on an ethnomotor intervention to promote sustainable learning within and beyond the educational setting. A total of 226 primary school students aged between 11 and 12 from seven primary education centres in the Canary Islands, Spain participated. Seven intervention sessions were conducted, including out-of-school activities involving family members and in-school activities with the collaboration of teaching staff and a specialised researcher. Various data collection instruments were employed (field notes, questionnaires, and interviews). A content analysis of qualitative data was conducted and subsequently transformed into quantitative data. For statistical analyses of these data, multidimensional frequency areas, crosstab (Pearson’s chi-square), associated effect size (Cramer’s V), and decision trees were utilised. This research discusses the relevance of TSGs as tools for promoting physically and socially sustainable learning. Furthermore, the role of various educational agents, including family members, teachers, and teacher-researchers, in developing these experiences is highlighted. The findings also highlight emotional well-being (psychosocial and socio-emotional affectivity) as a key aspect in the process of meaningful and contextualised sustainable learning.

Effect of Traditional Games of Bentengan and Sembilun towards the Raw Motor Skills of the Students of SD Negeri 9 Koba

This research aims to describe the traditional games of Bentengan and Sembilun to improve raw motor skills. This research was conducted at SD Negeri 9 Koba (Koba 9 Elementary School), especially in the fifth grade. The research method was a quasi-experimental research method or quasi-experiment. The research subjects were 30 students consisted of 15 students for experimental group 1 and 15 students for experimental group 2. The data collection technique was a non-test of raw motor skills. The data analysis techniques used description tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests. Based on the results of tests, the traditional games of Bentengan and Sembilun have a good effect towards the raw motor development. After the introduction of the traditional games of Bentengan and Sembilun, the children get familiar with these games and the children are not aware that their raw motor skills are also developing and it is proven by the results obtained from the overall research data, where there is an effect of Bentengan and Sembilun games towards the raw motor skills. Referring to the results of calculations carried out in the fortification game, a significant value of 0.008 is obtained with a significance level of 0.05 so that p 0.05 can be interpreted as meaning that the hypothesis is accepted. Hence, there is an effect between after and before using the traditional games of Bentengan and Sembilun.

Creating Digital Content for Traditional Children's Games in North Sumatra to Preserve Culture and Enhance Sports Participation

As globalization progresses, local cultures, including traditional games, are increasingly at risk of erosion. There is a pressing need to develop strategies to preserve these cultural elements, introduce them to younger generations, and enhance active participation in sports. This study focuses on creating multimedia content based on traditional games from the North Sumatra region to achieve these goals. The research utilized the Research and Development (RD) model by Borg and Gall, which includes ten systematic steps. Participants included 40 children aged 6-12 years and 40 adolescents aged 13-15 years from North Sumatra, divided into individual and small group trials. The setting comprised elementary and junior high schools in Deliserdang district and Medan city. The development process involved initial design, expert validation, iterative revisions, and field trials to test and refine the multimedia content. The developed multimedia content, featuring animated video media of traditional game activities, was validated by experts and received high feasibility ratings. Initial validation stages yielded a feasibility percentage of 73.80%, improving to 95.20% after revisions. Material validation assessments also showed significant improvement, with feasibility increasing from 75.55% to 92.22%. Field trials indicated that the content was well-received by participants, effectively preserving regional culture and promoting active participation in sports. The study demonstrates the potential of multimedia content in preserving cultural heritage and encouraging sports participation among youth. The positive feedback from expert validators and participants underscores the content's educational and cultural value. However, further research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to confirm these findings and explore long-term impacts. The multimedia content developed through this research effectively preserves traditional games from North Sumatra and promotes active participation in sports among children and adolescents. The iterative validation and testing process ensured high feasibility and user engagement, making it a valuable tool for cultural and educational initiatives.

SEMAI: Nine Anti-Corruption Values in Traditional Games as a Promotive Form in Early Children

Nowadays, many children do not know traditional games, especially in urban areas. This is because the development of increasingly sophisticated technology makes children more interested in playing gadgets than playing with their friends. Aim this research is to find out the anti-corruption values contained in traditional games. This research method is a literature study, researchers explore or examine books, journals or other data that are in accordance with the research theme. The steps in this research are topic selection, information exploration, determining the focus of research, collecting data sources, presenting data and compiling research results. The analysis technique in this research uses the content analysis method. Researchers selected, compared, combined and categorized the research results according to the research theme. The result of this research is that every traditional game in Indonesia has positive character values that can shape children's character. The character values contained in these traditional games are in accordance with the nine anti-corruption values set by the KPK. These values include honesty, justice, discipline, independence, responsibility, caring, courage, hard work and simplicity

Tradisional ABC Lima Dasar pada Pembelajaran PAI di SMK Al-Fudlola’ Porong Sidoarjo

This research and development aims to produce a learning model based on the traditional ABC Lima Dasar games that is effective and feasible for PAI learning at Al-Fudlola' Porong Sidoarjo Vocational School . This model was developed through a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D development model, namely define, design stage, develop stage, disseminate stage. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The game-based learning model as a learning model provides opportunities for students to interact, collaborate and explore actively in PAI learning. The results found that the Five Basic ABC learning model had a positive impact on students' cognitive, spiritual, emotional, language and socio-cultural abilities. The research results show students' positive response to this learning, describing the Five Basic ABC model as an effective, innovative alternative in PAI learning at Al-Fudlola' Porong Sidoarjo Vocational School.

Implementation of Ethnopedagogy Through Tabak Educative Traditional Games for Multicultural Value Reinforcement

This study explores the use of traditional Tabak games to reinforce multicultural values in Public Elementary School 14, Pontianak City. Utilizing a survey method, the research involved the Pontianak community, teachers, and students from the school. Data collection methods included participant observation, comprehensive interviews, and documentation, with data analysis conducted through an interactive approach. The findings reveal that students favor thematic lessons, particularly history education, when taught using traditional Tabak games. This is evidenced by 90.71 percent of students responding positively to questions about this learning method. The traditional Tabak games embody values such as democracy, education, social skills, personality, courage, unity, and morals. Additionally, the implementation of learning based on local wisdom through traditional educational Tabak games showed an 86.79 percent effectiveness in strengthening multicultural values. This approach provides teachers with an alternative method for creating imaginative and enjoyable educational activities suitable for elementary students. It introduces multicultural values through five dimensions of multicultural education: content integration, knowledge construction, prejudice reduction, and the empowerment of school culture and social structures.

Strategic Management of Workforce Diversity: An Evolutionary Game Theory Approach as a Foundation for AI-Driven Systems

In the complex organisational landscape, managing workforce diversity effectively has become crucial due to rapid technological advancements and shifting societal values. This study explores strategic workforce management through the novel methodological framework consisting of the evolutionary game theory concept integrated with replicator dynamics and traditional game theory, addressing a notable gap in the literature and suggesting an evolutionarily stable workforce structure. Key findings indicate that targeted rewards for the most Enthusiastic employee type can reduce overall costs and enhance workforce efficiency, although managing a diverse team remains complex. The study reveals that while short-term incentives boost immediate productivity, long-term rewards facilitate favourable behavioural changes, which are crucial for sustaining organisational performance. Additionally, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) is highlighted, emphasising its potential to integrate with these theoretical models, thereby enhancing decision-making processes. The study underscores the importance of strategic leadership in navigating these dynamics, suggesting that leaders must tailor their approaches to balance short-term incentives and long-term rewards to maintain an optimal workforce structure.

Assessing the Effect of Traditional Games on Manipulative Movements in Elementary School Students Based on Gender

Background. Manipulative movements are essential for children’s development, which can be found in traditional games, representing manifestation of local wisdom that has been passed down from generation to generation. Objectives. This study aimed to examine the effect of traditional games on the manipulative movements of elementary school students based on gender. Materials and methods. This experimental study comprised two pretest-posttest groups without control variables. Data collection on pretest and posttest was carried out using three types of tests, namely throwing, catching, and kicking. A total of 60 students aged between 9 and 12 years were selected to participate in this study. The sample consisted of 30 male students (height 140.21±6.2 cm, and weight 35.77±5.6 kg), and 30 female students (height 138.4±6.8 cm and weight 34±4.1 kg). Results. The t-test analysis showed that the test results for male students were as follows: throwing 0.011<0.05, catching 0.007<0.05, and kicking 0.003<0.05. Then, the test results for the female students were: throwing 0.013<0.05, catching 0.017<0.05, and kicking 0.012<0.05. The results of the independent t-test indicated that the throwing, catching, and kicking tests revealed a statistical significance (p < 0.05) in both male and female students. Conclusions. The implementation of traditional games has been found to enhance the manipulative movements of elementary school students, as evidenced by positive changes observed in the pretest and posttest results. The improvement was achieved, among others, through the adaptation of traditional games following the characteristics of students’ development. Therefore, the conceptualization of physical learning within the framework of traditional games proved to be applicable and practical.

Serunya Bermain Tanpa Teknologi

As technology develops, traditional games have begun to be marginalized by modern games, such as video games, Play Station, online games available on computers, cellphones and laptops, and other modern games. Children's play patterns are starting to shift to play patterns at home. Traditional games are one method that can be used so that people do not feel bored while doing gaming activities. Based on the campaign activities carried out by the implementing team, namely Communication Science students at Semarang University, by incorporating traditional games into their daily lives, equipped with adequate facilities in the community environment, they can slowly grow their interest in playing and ultimately minimize the use of gadgets in their daily lives.

Efektivitas Penerapan Permainan Tradisional dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Siswa pada Pembelajaran PJOK

Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) is a very important part of the school curriculum, it aims to improve physical fitness, improve motor skills, and maintain students' mental health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of game-based learning, especially in traditional games, to increase students' active participation in PJOK subjects in schools. The research method used in this study is literature review, where researchers examine and identify journals in a structured manner throughout the process by following established procedures. The search for journal articles obtained 10 articles from 2018 to 2024, by searching and reviewing journals, books and articles using the keywords games, learning, and PJOK. Searches for research articles that have been published on social media go through open access channels such as Google Scholar. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The findings of this study are that game-based PJOK learning usually makes students more interested and more actively involved in lessons. This shows that game-based learning can play a significant role in increasing students' interest and participation in PJOK subjects. As a result, it is important to incorporate this approach into learning practices in schools to achieve PJOK goals and improve students' learning experiences

Penerapan Permainan Tradisonal Engklek Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pramatematika Dan Kemampuan Kemandirian Anak Di TK Negeri Bung Karno Surabaya

This research aims to describe the effectiveness of the implementation of the traditional game "Engklek" in improving pre-mathematics abilities and independence abilities in early childhood at the Bung Karno Surabaya State Kindergarten for the 2023-2024 academic year. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research involving teachers at the Bung Karno State Kindergarten in Surabaya. Data collection was carried out through interview and documentation techniques, then the resulting data was analyzed qualitatively using steps, reduction, display and data verification. The findings from this research show that learning activities at the Bung Karno Surabaya State Kindergarten, through the use of the "Traditional Engklek Game" in order to improve pre-mathematics abilities and independent abilities, can be achieved optimally, so that teaching and learning activities can be carried out by children with a feeling of enjoyment. , without coercion, makes learning more effective. This is shown by the increase in the number of children who are able to count and carry out operations of adding numbers with objects from 1 to 20 independently without guidance from the teacher.

Game provenance graph-based representation learning vs metrics-based machine learning: An empirical comparison on predictive game analytics tasks

Predicting events and behavior in games is a crucial task of game analytics, both during gameplay, such as predicting wins, and after, like forecasting player churn. Game metrics have been widely adopted due to their human-readable and task-oriented nature. However, these metrics vary between games and require expert knowledge. Game analytics has evolved with techniques that primarily handle non-tabular and sequential data, like graphs and time series. However, existing methods still depend on traditional game metrics from extensive feature engineering. In parallel, graph representation learning has been applied to game provenance graphs — structures that log game events as nodes and link them through causal relationships. This approach may allow analysts to bypass traditional game metrics and learn relevant downstream features during training. This paper compares this metric-less graph-based representation learning with traditional metric-based machine learning in two predictive game analytics tasks: win prediction and hit prediction. Our results show that the same graph-based representation learning architecture achieves competitive results in win prediction and outperforms metric-based approaches in hit prediction, suggesting its suitability for predictive game analytics tasks. This method could significantly benefit as it does not require game-specific metric expertise, and its learned features are versatile across multiple tasks.

The Women’s Empowerment Model Based on Cultural Literature to Realize Tourism Aware Villages in Sustainable Development

The aim of this research is the theoretical development of cultural values to understand the unique human differences from the women's empowerment approach, implementing strengthening of the cultural literacy-based women's empowerment model in order to create a tourism-aware village in sustainable development. Employing a virtual ethnographic approach, the study involved an online search for digital literacy materials related to women's empowerment and literacy, applied specifically to women residing in the Serdang Bedagai tourist area. The model applied here blends with virtual data to derive contemporary findings. The empowerment model integrates educational, cultural, and health therapies to bolster literacy awareness and foster development, particularly targeting students in the Serdang Bedagai area. Educational therapy trains women in providing training on how to provide special services to tourists from the country and abroad. When cultural therapy is applied, it is adapted to the local culture through the introduction and training of rhymes and traditional Malay games. Furthermore, for health therapy, women are trained to do traditional kusuk, which can be developed in the Serdang Bedagai tourism area.

The role of reputation to reduce punishment costs in spatial public goods game

In the traditional spatial public goods game (SPGG), punishment mechanisms are considered an effective strategy to promote cooperation. However, in traditional punishment models, the high cost of punishment leads to ineffective cooperation promotion when the synergy factor is low. Therefore, this paper decides to establish a punishment model based on reputation to reduce the cost of punishment, to solve the above problems. Cooperation strategy can accumulate reputation as evolution progresses, where the high-reputation punishing group, acting as the 'main force' of law enforcement, can obtain stronger expulsion capabilities by reducing costs, and the decrease in the revenue difference with ordinary cooperators brings stronger survivability. The research compares the new punishment mechanism with traditional punishment mechanisms, finding that under low synergy factors, the reputation-based punishment model is more likely to achieve cooperation, and after introducing the reputation mechanism, it significantly enhances the promotive effect of punishers on system cooperation.

The Effectiveness of the Traditional Game Tapo’ Pipit to Stimulate Language Development in Children Aged 5-6 Years at Primanda Kindergarten Untan

The Effectiveness of the Traditional Game Tapo’ Pipit to Stimulate Language Development in Children Aged 5-6 Years at Primanda Kindergarten Untan

Unlocking mathematical marvels: Exploring number patterns in the Rangku Alu traditional game

Ethnomathematics, an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of cultural studies and mathematics, examines the intricate mathematical practices found within diverse cultural settings. This research focuses on Rangku Alu, a traditional game from Indonesia, to explore its embedded mathematical elements. Using a qualitative ethnographic methodology, the study uncovers the mathematical concepts within the game's cultural context. It traces the origins and cultural importance of Rangku Alu in Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara, through combining participant observation, interviews, and literature review. The game, which prominently features bamboo, is a staple activity in harvest celebrations and serves as a way to express gratitude. During the game, players engage in synchronized movements that create rhythmic patterns and interactive sequences. The analysis reveals seven distinct numerical patterns, derived from the strikes of bamboo, jumping sequences, and player formations. These patterns include both odd and even sequences, as well as basic arithmetic operations. Rangku Alu not only entertains but also provides a unique setting for exploring numerical concepts. This study highlights the potential of integrating traditional practices like Rangku Alu into mathematics education to promote inclusivity and enhance mathematical understanding in multicultural environments.