Trading Port Research Articles

Understanding Intangible Culture Heritage Preservation via Analyzing Inhabitants’ Garments of Early 19th Century in Weld Quay, Malaysia

This qualitative study describes the procedures undertaken to explore the Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH) preservation, especially focusing on the inhabitants’ garments of different ethnic groups in Weld Quay, Penang, which was a multi-cultural trading port during the 19th century in Malaysia. Social life and occupational activities of the different ethnic groups formed the two main spines of how different the inhabitants’ garments would be. This study developed and demonstrated a step-by-step conceptual framework of narrative analysis. Therefore, the procedures used in this study are adequate to serve as a guide for novice researchers who are interested in undertaking a narrative analysis study. Hence, the investigation of the material culture has been exemplified by proposing a novel conceptual framework of narrative analysis. This collaborative method has been utilized to ascertain the narrative data collected from an interview with visual and semiotic analysis. The information derived from the narrative interview is about the materials, colors, and elements of the garments of different ethnic groups (i.e., the Chinese, Indian, Malay and British). This collaborative process provides much valuable contextual and historical information to the researcher, as the interpretation and implicit understandings that underlie the stories people tell are beneficial in preserving and safeguarding this ICH. Therefore, this narrative study validates that the inhabitant’s garments are a means of intangible culture heritage (ICH) preservation and suggests guidance about how to conduct narrative analysis for mining historical data in a more explicit manner.

The Relationship between the Airport Economy and Regional Development in China

ABSTRACT It is of great significance to enhance the coupling relationship between the airport economy and regional development in order to promote regional coordinated growth. Based on data of 35 major airport cities in China from 2004 to 2018, this research empirically analyzes the coupling relationship between the airport economy and regional development and puts forward the concept of the leap path. The results show that the degree of coupling between the airport economy and regional development presents a fluctuating upward trend, but on the whole it is still at a low level of maladjustment decline. It decreases from east to west by region, and the eastern region has entered a form of coordinated development. According to the coupling state of regional development and airport economy, each city needs to explore its own suitable leap path. Governments at all levels should invest more public resources into airport economic zones and promote the integrated development of “port-industry-city-region.” At the same time, governments can more actively explore the construction of an Air Silk Road and an airport-type-free trade port.

A Study on the Tax System of China’s Hainan Free Trade Port and Implications for Korea

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to introduce the background, development plan, and status of China’s Hainan Free Trade Port. It also focuses on the details and characteristics of the latest implemented detailed regulations related to the tax system of the Hainan Free Trade Port. Design/Methodology/Approach -The latest documents and data in China, as well as the content of the latest plans and detailed regulations related to the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port, were collected and analyzed. The study was conducted in parallel with literature research and jurisprudence research. Findings - In this study, the content and characteristics of the tax system of the Hainan Free Trade Port in China were analyzed in three aspects: the no-tariff system, the corporate income tax system, and the personal income tax system. In addition, several implications for the Korean government and industry were presented in terms of the tax system, the construction of free trade ports, and the competitive strategy of the duty-free market. Moreover, it suggested alternatives such as reviewing Korea’s tax system, examining companies entering Hainan, fostering human resources and cooperation in education, and cooperation with Korean-Chinese industry and the government. Research Implications - In the future, it is necessary to continuously monitor the systems and policies of Hainan’s development plan and discover pioneer areas where mutual cooperation can be achieved through exchange with the Hainan Free Trade Port.

Hainan Province As The New Free Trade Port

The goal of this article is to clarify China's response to economic slowdown and intensified protectionism from Western countries, in particular that China must implement deeper and more durable economic reforms. In responding to this global threat, the Chinese Government, through President Xi Jinping, proposed a new trend of trade liberalization in China by constructing a free trade port in Hainan. The free trade port is a long-term approach in the hope of deeper integration with the global economy, particularly as the free trade port of Haina can be a connection between South East Asia and East Asia. The research approach used in this research is a qualitative method that is assisted by data collection by literature analyses, and data reduction is often carried out by data analysis. The results of this study show that, together, policies designed to promote the growth of the Hainan Free Trade Port will create an atmosphere for investment, industry, transport and systems that is reliable, competitive, stable and comfortable for all parties so that the movement of goods, labor and flow funds can be freely sustained

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on port performance: Evidence from China

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a serious effect on the global economy, particularly the volume of port trade between imports and exports. We construct a panel regression model with month as time series where panel data from 14 major ports in China from January to October 2020 to analyze how the macro economy, the severity of the epidemic, and government control measures affect port operations. Based on the results, we have identified the key factors affecting port operations in the context of the pandemic and the managerial insights can help shipping company, port operator and government to change the strategy to copy with the effect of COVID-19 pandemic.

Trade Volume Prediction Based on a Three-Stage Model When Arctic Sea Routes Open

With the advancement of global warming, the Arctic sea routes (ASRs) may open for the entire year. The ASRs will be far more competitive than they are now, and they will be the major international sea routes in the future. To date, most studies have researched the economic feasibility in the short term from a company’s perspective. To help to plan the shipping market in the future, we developed a three-stage model to simulate the trade demand of the ASRs for the long term. This model firstly considers the seasonal sea ice dynamics in the future and plans new paths for vessels shipping through the Arctic. Additionally, an improved trade prediction model was developed to adapt to the long-term forecasts. After verification, the accuracy of the model was found to be very high (R2 = 0.937). In comparison with another transportation cost model and a trade prediction model, our model was more reasonable. This study simulated the trade volumes of China, Europe (EU), and North America (NA) in 2100 with the ASRs open. The results show that the percentage of port trade can be up to 26% in representative concentration pathway (RCP)2.6, and the percentage of port trade can be up to 52% in RCP8.5.

Port Heritage, Planning Challenges and the Role of GIS Tools in Multi Layered Cities

The aim of this study is to present arguments showing that on the port heritage area, underground cultural inventory should be considered from the historic landscape point of view within the framework of the conservation plans. This study focuses on the Yenikapi region, whose settlement history of the Historical Peninsula changed following the rescue excavation performed at the end of The Bosphorus Rail Tube Crossing Project (Marmaray). The area covering the Port of Theodosius, whose multi-layered urban formation started in the Neolithic period and which was one of the most significant grain trade ports in the Byzantine era, and the port heritage within the background of this area consist of important spatial formations. However, waterfront regeneration projects have disrupted the spatial continuity of cultural heritage under the effect of neoliberal policies. The methodology of the study, which involves the use of the Geographical Information System (GIS), is based on the overlapping of the archaeological surveys from the Istanbul Archaeology Museum, geological structure data from the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, and historical maps. The conservation planning approach in a metropolitan city like Istanbul, whose archaeological layers reflect the port heritage, should be developed by applying the concept of historic urban landscape.

Research on Convolutional Neural Network-Based Virtual Reality Platform Framework for the Intangible Cultural Heritage Conservation of China Hainan Li Nationality: Boat-Shaped House as an Example

Hainan is located at the southernmost tip of China, since ancient times it has always occupied an important position on the Silk Road. Hainan culture is dominated by minority and marine cultures and has a rich intangible cultural heritage. Hainan has always been committed to the development and utilization of its wide cultural heritage, and the development direction is mainly based on live display and folk activities. In May 2020, the Chinese government announced the establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Port Policy and System, the establishment of a Hainan International Free Trade Zone, and the development of tourism, modern services, and high-tech industry. All these put forward higher requirements for the protection of Hainan’s cultural heritage, not just traditional ways to protect and promote, but also to use the dividends of current scientific and technological development to keep up with the times to protect and promote. The integration of digital technology will be the development direction of cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage. This paper enumerates and analyzes other cases and academic directions of intangible cultural heritage, combined with the present situation of intangible cultural heritage in Hainan. It also analyzes the predicament of handiwork inheritance in Hainan intangible cultural heritage, expounds the structure, humanistic connotation, and construction skills of Li nationality ship house, and summarizes the role of a novel deep learning convolutional neural network- (CNN-) based virtual reality framework of intangible cultural heritage conservation in promoting the intangible cultural heritage of traditional skills. It also puts forward the scheme and heritage conservation virtual reality content construction and provides the process of building a virtual reality platform for the intangible cultural heritage of ship-shaped houses, which as an example can be used as a reference for intangible cultural heritage researchers in other areas. At the same time, it fills the gap for the artificial intelligence-based digitization of the intangible cultural heritage.

Representation of the greatness of Kambang Putih Seaport in the past on Ganggeng motif

In the 11th century, precisely in the kingdom of Kahuripan under the reign of King Airlangga (1019-1041), Tuban in East Java – Indonesia had a port called Kambang Putih. This port played an ancient international trading port that has the role to connect the western and eastern parts of the world. The greatness of the port gradually faded away, and its location has now turned into a recreational area known as Pantai Boom. For the people of Tuban, the great history of Kambang Putih port still leaves a pride that is manifested in the form of Ganggengbatik motif, especially inspired by seaweed plants. This motif is one of the classic motifs which until now still continues to be used by batik artisans. Furthermore, in order to keep up with the times, this batik motif has also started to be created by utilizing the role of technology in the form of design software. Through a review of various data sources including scientific literature, interviews with experts, and communication with traditional batik artisans, it was expected to be able to reopen the knowledge of the history of the greatness of the Indonesian sea, especially in Tuban so as to encourage various efforts to preserve and maintain the tradition. In addition, the study came down to mention the efforts to preserve the tradition of batik belonged to the community of Tuban by encouraging initiatives in creating motifs with inspiration from their maritime potential.

Potential Pest Status of the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), in Response to Climate Change in the Korean Peninsula

Climate change impacts the current and potential distribution of many insects, since temperature is often a limiting factor to where the insects can survive. The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), has never been reported in South Korea despite its close proximity to 2 countries (China and Japan) where this economically important pest has been reported. This may be due to the average winter temperature in South Korea which is below 4 °C, the lower limit of the current distribution range of Formosan subterranean termite. However, with climate change leading to increased temperatures, South Korea may be susceptible to successful invasion by Formosan subterranean termite. The objective of this study is to estimate the future possible distribution of Formosan subterranean termite in Korea based on temperature. Climate data from Korea showed a significant increase of 2.19 °C per 100 yr in average annual temperature from 1910 to 2018. Previous and current average winter temperatures were higher than 4 °C only in Jeju, and most provinces did not exceed 4 °C, except for some southern cities such as Busan in 2000 to 2019. With the estimated rate of temperature rises, winter temperatures in Gyeongsangnam-do will exceed 4 °C starting from 2020, and Jeollanam-do will exceed 4 °C from 2060. Coupled with the statistically significant, increased annual trade between Korea and other countries (China, Japan, Taiwan, and the USA) where C. formosanus is currently distributed, we predict that Formosan subterranean termite will become established in South Korea, probably starting from a southern trade port such as Busan.

PARFMETRIC FEATURES AND CRITERIA OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKET FOR LINEAR TRANSPORTATION

The need to develop scientific regulations is determined by the basic conditions and new trends in the global market for linear technologies, the problems of functioning of maritime transport enterprises on the market of transportation services.
 The experience of the development of the global maritime market confirms the influence of the number of operators on the economic balance of the subsystem. As the number of shipping and carrier companies increases, the degree of satisfaction of the need for goods transportation according to urgency criteria increases. At the same time, with an increase in the number of shipping companies, competition in the main segments of the freight market intensifies, which ultimately leads to a slowdown in the growth of tariff and charter rates at development stages. Therefore, a relatively low rate of return on capital, especially for vessels with a high level of innovative technologies, remains. The key players in the container market are the state business and diversified business.
 The conditions of operation of shipping companies within the maritime trade market system are analyzed. An assessment of the development prospects of linear shipping companies in the light of new trends. The process of consolidation of the container technology market is considered and evaluated, and the factors that are not conducive to cartel agreements are highlighted. Criteria features of the positioning of marine transport enterprises are identified.
 The specifics of competitive positioning of container terminals in the Black Sea-Azov region are noted. The analysis of the working conditions of national stevedoring container operators is conducted and the problems of their competitive positioning on the regional market of linear transportation are revealed. For example, a graphical model showing monthly dynamics of container turnover of Ukrainian ports in 2017 is represented.
 The parametric features of the functioning of container lines passing through the ports of Ukraine are substantiated. The conditions for achieving the adequacy of the technical and economic level of the national sea trading ports with respect to the requirements of the external system are noted. Thus, an information and logistic model is suggested. It reflects the interconnection between the system parameters affecting the sustainable development of the maritime business in the sector of container technologies. As a result, the conditions for making rational decisions regarding investments of maritime transport enterprises have been substantiated.

Features of Attracting Prisoners to Loading and Unloading Operations in the Trading Ports of the Russian Empire at the Beginning of the 20th Century

In order to improve the activities of the penitentiary system of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century, prisoners’ labor was actively used in trade ports of the Black Sea coast. The legal basis for this process was normative acts obliging certain categories of prisoners to hard physical labor. The economic factor was the desire to reduce the cost, on the one hand, the costs of maintaining convicts, on the other hand, the costs of production, loading and unloading operations in commercial ports, and the desire of the port authorities to streamline and stabilize the these types of labor.

Governing coalitions and key performance indicators of port governance

The port is a crucial part of the international transportation of goods. As technological advances in the maritime industry have driven drastic changes in port policies, scholars have studied decisions on cargo shipping, port regulatory frameworks, and the interests involved in such changes. However, the connection of policy actors to port performance in the maritime transport literature remains largely understudied due to the complexity and heterogeneity of institutional designs chosen by countries. To move towards filling the gap, this paper explores links between governing coalitions and key performance indicators of port governance. We propose eight typologies for classifying governing coalitions of port governance, drawing insights from the Advocacy Coalition Framework. We then explore how different port governance forms are associated with key performance indicators of 17 countries. This paper finds that countries opting for decentralization do not necessarily support trade liberalization or port privatization. The results also show that decentralized governing coalitions are positively associated with higher key performance indicators of port governance.

Study of the Present Situation of Architectural Protection in Taizhou Historic district of Zhejiang Province-Take Haimen Old Street as an Example

Taizhou is one of the important port cities and trade centers in Zhejiang Province in Chinese history. The traditional buildings retained in its historic districts have not only conformed to the development of the times, but also witnessed the local historical changes and finally formed their own unique local characteristics. The paper takes Haimen Old Street in a good condition of protection as the research object, conducts a comprehensive investigation on the protection status of modern architectures in the Old Street, and deeply explores the spatial forms and architectural features of the buildings. After investigation, it was found that Haimen Old Street has a good architectural shape and characteristics after undergoing conservation and restoration work, which can be said to be a model of architectural protection in eastern Zhejiang. This survey can provide evidence and suggestions for the protection of buildings in historical districts in Zhejiang, so as to achieve the purpose of inheriting the regional culture of Taizhou’s characteristic buildings.

Guangdong Tropical Agriculture Regional Distribution and Industrial Structure Situation: Perspective of Choice for Optimization and Adjustment

It is necessary to clarify the current regional layout and industrial structure of Guangdong tropical agriculture. Speed up the research on the selection of suitable industries for tropical agriculture, scientifically guide the concentration of various agricultural industries in the most suitable areas, help all kinds of social funds clarify the investment direction and key areas, promote the professional division of labor in agricultural regions, deepen the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and form a reasonable distribution of agricultural productivity, are of great importance. Focus on situation of agricultural regional distribution and industrial structure in tropical area of Guangdong, this research analyzes the characteristics, industrial development model and existing problems, and puts forward the optimization and adjustment path and policy suggestions of tropical agriculture in Guangdong. The characteristics include agricultural environment rich in resources, the industrial regional characteristics are distinct, advantageous industries gradually concentrated on advantageous regions, industrial structure become more and more reasonable, modern agricultural model has taken shape with good basic conditions, the "dumbbell" characteristics of agricultural industrial organization structure have gradually emerged, agricultural operation service organization led by supply and marketing cooperatives has been preliminarily established. The existing problems in developing tropical agriculture in sub-tropical areas of Guangdong include industrial structure and variety structure among counties need to be optimized, imperfect industrial chain, land fragmentation leads to the miniaturization of production and operation, the agricultural socialized service system needs to be further improved, imperfect agricultural technology extension system. The optimization and adjustment path of tropical agriculture in sub-tropical areas of Guangdong are making efficient tropical agricultural industrial structure and layout with appropriate scale regional agricultural products as the main body, selecting suitable industries and extend their industrial chain, constructing professional agricultural socialized service system, strengthening construction of grass-roots agricultural technology popularization system, enhancing agricultural cooperation between Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Hainan Free Trade Port.

Sulphuric Utopias: A History of Maritime Fumigation by Lukas Engelmann and Christos Lynteris

Reviewed by: Sulphuric Utopias: A History of Maritime Fumigation by Lukas Engelmann and Christos Lynteris Brad Bolman (bio) Sulphuric Utopias: A History of Maritime Fumigation By Lukas Engelmann and Christos Lynteris. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020. Pp. 320. Sulphuric Utopias: A History of Maritime Fumigation By Lukas Engelmann and Christos Lynteris. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020. Pp. 320. In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, transport ships became objects of added suspicion, with governments recommending masks and handwashing for crews, as well as routine disinfection and increased air circulation. In extreme cases, quarantine was required, threatening the transit of goods across the globe. Although written before the outbreak, Lukas Engelmann and Christos Lynteris's Sulphuric Utopias feels like urgent reading. Maritime fumigation is no one's first choice for a good time, but Engelmann and Lynteris's ambitious study, which knits together histories of technology, medicine, and science, offers a timely account of how the expansion of international commerce relied on relatively unheralded technologies, namely fumigation. Focused, in particular, on the sulfereous Clayton machine—its New Orleans genesis and distribution across the world's major trading ports—the authors reveal how quarantine and commercial mobility became reconciled, making the Clayton machine, they argue, "a forgotten pillar of globalization" (p. 5). The book opens with a history of the medical and scientific underpinnings of fumigation, as well as an abbreviated history of quarantine (ch. 1). From J. C. Galès's "fumigatory box" to the earliest international sanitary conferences, fumigation supported an expanding system of maritime sanitation and a view of the absolutely central chemical battle against infectious disease. Next, the authors introduce the "Clayton" (ch. 2). The device, Engelmann and Lynteris argue, was neither a result of the broader bacteriological revolution nor of particular breakthroughs regarding disinfection. Rather, besieged as New Orleans was by yellow fever and a host of other ailments, the need to slow or eliminate the spread of illness without imposing longer, "barbarous" detentions spurred development of the Clayton and related devices (p. 68). The authors then turn from New Orleans to explore carbon-based fumigation in Ottoman and German contexts around the turn of the twentieth century, showing how rats became the prime target of maritime fumigation (ch. 3). Readers witness the Clayton's introduction to England and France, where the attraction of destroying rat populations helped ensure the device's utilization (ch. 4). In this account, it was the ship itself, rather than ports, that became the key object of disinfection during the first decades of the twentieth century, with Claytonization a relatively economic as well as politically palatable method for maintaining inter-imperial trade. The authors then reveal how international conferences acted to "stabilize" [End Page 616] the Clayton machine as a preferred fumigation device—even amid concerns about its effectiveness—due to its adaptability for larger and smaller spaces (ch. 5 and 6). By 1903, whether one believed in the Clayton, fumigation itself was undeniably attractive, and a French alternative appeared: the Aparato Marot, known as the "Sulfurozador" in Argentina, where it left ships to support a city-wide fumigation strategy. Engelmann and Lynteris call this and other programs "sulphuric utopias": visions of a future commerce uninhibited by the "stasis" of quarantine. Yet in the final chapter, we see sulferic utopias already reaching their demise around the third decade of the twentieth century. After World War I, maritime fumigation abandoned its focus on germicide. Alongside this shift in strategy came a chemical transformation, with cyanides gradually replacing sulfer-based technologies such as the Clayton. Where sulfer had sunk to ship hulls, allowing rats to flee to higher ground, hydrocyanic acid (HCN) was devastating at all levels. "With the disjuncture of disinfection and disinfestation in the practice of fumigation, efficiency in terms of the rapid destruction of pests and vermin became more important than the capacity to kill pathogens" (p. 191). New air-jet sprays that could direct HCN directly into rat nests were sulferization's death knell. Sulphuric Utopias is laudable for its sweeping geographical scope and multidisciplinarity. Its slight chapters, indeed, leave much room for additional scholarship. The book suggests that the Clayton machines and the wider experimental system surrounding...

Research on the Tourism Cooperation Between Zhanjiang and Hainan

On April 13, 2018, Hainan and Guangdong jointly put forward the idea of accelerating the construction of Qiongzhou Strait economic belt and realizing integrated and coordinated development. As the southernmost city in the mainland of China, Zhanjiang is only one sea away from Hainan, they are close to each other in culture, geography, rich in tourism resources and distinctive product features. Both of them have good conditions for developing coastal tourism and winter vacation tourism. It is the common wish of both sides to promote the regional tourism integration of Qiongzhou Strait and build a tourism destination of Qiongzhou Strait. In recent years, under the guidance of the two governments, the two sides have carried out a lot of tourism cooperation, and the basic cooperation mechanism has been established. But at the same time, it also faces the problems of imperfect tourism infrastructure, homogenization of tourism products, imperfect tourism cooperation mechanism and so on. Therefore starting from Zhanjiang, this paper hopes to use Hainan free trade port, international tourism island and other policies to explore how to better explores the appropriate path for the integrated development of tourism between Zhanjiang and Hainan, thus enhancing the popularity and competitiveness of Qiongzhou Strait Tourism at home and abroad.

Grey Prediction Analysis on the Scale of Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Import Transaction in Hainan

Combined with the policy of Hainan free trade port, the advantages of cross-border e-commerce enable the retail import cross-border e-commerce of Hainan free trade port develop rapidly, but Hainan cross-border e-commerce started late, and the data is very limited, so there is almost no reference econometric model. Therefore, this paper used the grey prediction GM (1,1) model to make a short-term prediction analysis of Hainan cross-border e-commerce retail import transaction scale, and used the residual correction model to improve the prediction accuracy, hoping to provide data reference and relevant policy basis for subsequent researchers and managers by analyzing the results in many aspects.

Implications of international experiences for the planning and development of Hainan Free Trade Port

Implications of international experiences for the planning and development of Hainan Free Trade Port

Regional coordination between Guangdong and Hainan and the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port

Regional coordination between Guangdong and Hainan and the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port