Tourism Development Policies Research Articles

Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution of tourism resource carrying capacity performance in China

Rapid development of the tourism industry has brought various challenges by causing unbalance between tourism resource load (TRL) and tourism resource carrier (TRC), such as the decline in tourist satisfaction, and the destruction of tourist attractions. The concept of tourism resources carrying capacity (TRCC) can be used to describe the relationship between TRL and TRC. Due to the vast territory, different provinces in China have different resource endowments and socio-economic environments, and their TRCC performances are different. Therefore, this paper investigates the temporal-spatial evolutionary performance of TRCC at provincial level in China. The theory of “Load-Carrier” is used to select evaluation indicators, the Entropy Weight Method and the Linear Weighted Summation Method are used to calculate the performance value, and the Quartile Method is adopted to classify the TRCC performance. Data used in this study were collected from 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2019. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From a temporal evolution perspective, the overall TRCC performance in China has been improved, due to the implication of various tourism development policies. (2) From a spatial differences perspective, the TRCC performance of Northeast China has changed from High Utilization Interval to Low-Medium Interval; TRCC performance of Eastern China maintained in High Utilization or High Risk Overload Interval, and TRCC performance in Central and Western China has been continuously rising. This study provides valuable references for both central and local governments to take appropriate policy measures to improve their TRCC performance.

Pathways toward the Transformation of Sustainable Rural Tourism Management in Central Java, Indonesia

Managing sustainable rural tourism requires a strategic transformation adapted to local conditions, the complexity of rural institutions, and the dynamics of future changes. In addition, it must be inclusive. This paper presents transformation pathways toward sustainable rural tourism management in developing countries. The general objective is to develop sustainable development strategies in the context of rural tourism. The specific objectives are to develop policy pathways and the best scenarios in this context. The study was conducted in the Kedung Ombo area in Central Java, Indonesia: a representative area involving several districts and other public organizations as stakeholders. Data analysis was performed using the MULTIPOL method. The results show that an integrated development policy that considers the interests of all stakeholders, the potential of rural resources, the infrastructure, and human resources capacity would be the optimal policy. Priority programs to be implemented are infrastructure development, strengthening private investment, strengthening governance, developing amenities, and developing information and communication technology. Furthermore, the “flight of the flamingos” and “leapfrogging” scenarios can be considered to achieve future tourism growth goals and objectives. This study is an essential resource for authorities in determining rural tourism development policies in the research location and can be applied in other areas with similar characteristics.

The Surakarta City Tourism Development Policy is based on Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2017 Concerning the Implementation of Tourism Businesses

A city with a cultural identity (tourism) which becomes a collective spirit so that it is able to move the pulse of trade, services and education. This scheme was realized through the commitment to the birth of Surakarta City Regional Regulation (Perda) Number 5 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Tourism Businesses. The regional regulation strengthens Surakarta City as a city with a cultural and tourism identity with various potentials. With a variety of good capital history, destinations, agro to spirituality that can be an attraction for tourists. Various agendas to encourage and make tourism a joint effort to promote regional potential are carried out at the same time that tourism is expected to have a broad economic impact. Preliminary findings in several studies show that tourism agendas managed on the basis of inter-regional partnerships have become policy nodes between local governments, one of which is in the form of Regional Regulations (Perda).

Tourism development policy based on digital economy in Lombok national tourism destination

Lombok is one of the national priority tourism areas, which is the government's development target. One of the tourism developments in Lombok that will contribute to the community's welfare is economic development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the digital economy-based tourism development policy in Lombok's national tourism destination. The research method is descriptive qualitative data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. The method of determining the informants used purposive sampling. Test the validity and reliability of the data using data triangulation techniques. The results show that Lombok's digital economy-based tourism development policy is not yet optimal. This can be seen from the limited marketing and distribution of community products, especially for MSMEs. So, it can be concluded that there must be a policy from the government to develop digital economy-based tourism in Lombok so that the community's economy increases.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИЗМУ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ: ДОСВІД НІМЕЧЧИНИ

The article examines the peculiarities of the sustainable development of tourism in Germany in the modern conditions of climate change. It is noted that the country has a huge tourist attraction, which is determined by the presence of natural resources, cultural and historical attractions, developed infrastructure of traditional health resorts and modern architecture of large cities, which have all the possibilities for organizing various types of tourism. The contribution of tourism to the German economy is quite significant and is characterized by the following indicators: it ranks second in terms of revenue after mechanical engineering, creates 4% of the country's gross domestic product, and provides jobs for 6 million people. The results of a survey of tourism companies regarding their attitude to sustainable development in view of all economic challenges during the coronavirus period are presented. The organizational chart of state tourism bodies in Germany is characterized and the main responsibility for the development, formation and promotion of the country's tourism policy is indicated. The federal government has primary responsibility for the development, formulation and promotion of tourism policy. It is assisted by the Tourism Advisory Council, which brings together the interests of government, the tourism industry, academia and other stakeholders. The rating of the world's most sustainable cities was reviewed and it was determined that Munich and Frankfurt am Main are among the top ten of the rating. Hamburg and Berlin ranked 17th and 18th, respectively. This index ranks 100 cities around the world based on three criteria: social and societal factors such as mobility and quality of life, environmental factors including energy consumption, pollution and emissions, and economic performance. The analysis of the positive experience of Germany in the development of its tourism industry showed that it can be used to solve problems in the development of a similar industry in Ukraine, namely: in improving the system of state regulation of tourism, as well as in overcoming problems and improving the process of promoting tourism opportunities in Ukraine country and abroad. The further successful implementation of the principles of sustainability in the development of tourism and the need to consolidate the efforts of all stakeholders at all levels, taking into account the interests of all groups, including local communities, tourists, representatives of the tourism business, etc., were emphasized. The role of the government is undeniably important, as it is called upon to develop a strategic basis for planning the development of the tourism industry taking into account the principles of sustainability, to ensure the study of the recreational capacity of territories, to initiate the development of certification systems, indicators of sustainable development in order to monitor the consequences of tourism activities from a social, ecological and economic point of view.

Rural tourism potential in the development of the agriculture-industrial complex

This study explores the potential of rural tourism in the context of sustainable societal development. The demand for tourism services in the post-COVID-19 period is analyzed, as is the trend of travelers’ ability to pay for tourism services and the spectrum of tourism offerings. The objectives and directions of investment programs aimed at developing rural tourism and the issues associated with its development are identified. For 59% of European countries, rural tourism is a direct priority in their development, and 66% of European countries have state investment programs for rural tourism. The research results showed an increase in the level of travel by tourists in the post-COVID-19 period, characterized by a desire for lower costs when consuming relevant services. It has been revealed that the policy directions of countries regarding the development of rural tourism can be direct or indirect as part of the overall tourism development policy. Rural tourism offerings have several drawbacks that have led to dissatisfaction with demand, and as a result, most travelers have a desire to receive rural tourism services but do not utilize them due to the aforementioned reasons. The study forms the structure of rural tourism services based on the examples within the European Federation of Rural Tourism Offerings and potential directions and strategies for their further development.

Tourism in the context of contemporary theories of regional development

Tourism is a significant segment of development policy at the national level, and it is important in terms of contributing to the Gross domestic product (GDP) diversifying of economy, reducing disparities between regions, fostering development capital, and promoting regional development. Tourism greatly contributes to the sustainable development of a region and a unit of local self-government, in an environment where sometimes there are no other alternatives for achieving that goal. Theories of regional development and tourism have evolved over a similar period after the Second World War. The concept of regional development has undergone a significant transformation through various theories. The paper analyzes the main principles of the theory of endogenous regional development and the possibility of its application for tourism research as a development factor. Tourism development policy is often created by the views of these theories. The purpose of this paper is to indicate, based on the analysis of modern ideas and approaches to regional development, whether they are suitable for the study of tourism and which factors are decisive in achieving its development function. The paper points out certain elements of theories that can individually or together represent the theoretical basis for tourism development planning in regions and local government units.

Tourism Spatial Spillover Effect and Economic Growth in Indonesia

Economic growth and prosperity are often associated with the development of key sectors such as agriculture, construction, and manufacturing. The importance of tourism in driving economic growth and prosperity is often overlooked. The study focuses on Indonesia and its diverse tourism resources, pointing out that different provinces have varying impacts on the overall economy due to their distinct tourism assets. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of tourism diversity on regional economic growth. Data were collected from the Central Agency of Statistics (BPS), Ministry of Tourism, and Ministry of Public Works and Housing from 2010 to 2017, using such variables as economic growth, physical investment, population, human capital, and the tourism competitiveness index. Moreover, we considered spatial effects by employing a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to account for the interdependence of different regions in Indonesia. The results reveal that tourism spillovers occur between provinces, meaning that tourism development in one area is influenced not only by its own resources but also by neighbouring provinces. The spatial regression analysis demonstrates that neighbouring areas have a positive impact on each other, reinforcing the idea that tourism development tends to cluster geographically. This suggests that regional tourism development policies should consider these spatial dependencies, aiming for integrated programmes that have an impact not only within a single area but also between regions. The suggestion for further research is to use a type of spatial weight in the form of inter-regional tourist moving, namely the movement of tourists between provinces in Indonesia.

The research on the characteristics of domestic tourists to An Giang province

An Giang province, with its diverse tourism resources both in nature and culture, has long been considered a prominent tourist destination with tourists from many regions in the country. Since 2016, An Giang has identified tourism as a key economic sector that contributes significantly to the province's development. In fact, domestic tourists play a particularly important role in the development of tourism in An Giang in particular and in the Mekong delta in general. In the context of the world facing severe impacts from the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as economic, political, and energy crises on a large scale, the recovery and development of international tourism is threatened. Therefore, domestic tourists are even more crucial in maintaining the tourism development in localities at least in the short term. With the aim of understanding the characteristics of this tourist group, the study was conducted using the secondary document analysis method and the sociological survey method with the semi-structured questionnaire tool targeting domestic tourists visiting An Giang to learn about some key demographic and behavioral characteristics. With the obtained research results, this study provides valuable information for practical tourism exploitation and tourism development policy making in order to attract tourists more effectively to the locality in the coming period.

Geotourism as a 16-Geosite Empowerment Strategy—For Tourism Sustainability in Toba Caldera Geopark

The study on empowerment strategies for tourism sustainability was carried out in 16 geosites located in seven regencies. These include Karo, Dairi, Simalungun, Samosir, Toba Samosir, North Tapanuli, and Humbang Hasundutan, in Toba Caldera Region (TCA), North Sumatra Province. The empowerment strategies will enhance local and national tourism development policy directives, boost development geared towards community tourism interests, and achieve GGN directives according to the concepts outlined by UNESCO. This geotourism development has been formulated through a synthesis of various investigations including the analyses of government references, potential tourist attractions, and SWOT. Furthermore, the SWOT analysis showed that a travel plan combining the elements of cultural heritage and geosites is an alternative empowerment for sustainable regional development through geotourism, using Pusuk Bukit as a pilot area. Geosites have been mapped as the basis for Toba Caldera’s development.

Kebijakan Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Di Desa Pulau Maringkik Kabupaten Lombok Timur

Maringkik Island Village is the outermost island of Lombok Island, located in the middle of the sea, in the Keruak District, East Lombok Regency with an area of 6 ha, consisting of a population of 2343 people. This paper aims to analyze sustainable tourism development policies, the obstacles faced, and solutions. The method used in this activity was carried out using a participatory method by conducting focus group discussions (FGD). In conclusion, Pulau Maringkik Village is the only Archipelagic Tourism Village in East Lombok which was determined based on East Lombok Regent Decree No 188.45/QB3/Par/2021, the obstacles faced, namely population density, the allocation for tourism development at the village level is only 1,67%. the people are not yet open to tourists, especially foreign tourists, public awareness of the potential for tourism in their area has not been built, limited supply of clean water, guidance, and assistance has not been carried out by the Regional Government of East Lombok Regency, waste management has not been carried out, facilities and infrastructure supporting tourism are still limited, Solution, The East Lombok Regency Government needs to carry out continuous guidance and assistance in order to build sustainable tourism, provide counseling about tourism potential in Maringkik Island Village so that people understand the benefits of developing tourism in their area, structuring clean water sources, waste handling, provision of facilities and tourism infrastructure can cooperate with, East Lombok Regency Government, Tourism Office, and Travel Bureau

ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD) SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KOTA KUPANG

This study aims to analyze tourism development policies to increase local revenue during the Covid-19 Pandemic period in Kupang City, obtained from the Kupang City Tourism Office. Analysis of two stages is carried out; In the first stage we analyzed the tourism development policy during the Covid-19 pandemic period in Kupang City, as well as analyzing the impact of these policies on the tourism sector and the contribution of the tourism sector to regional original income using a qualitative descriptive approach. In the second stage, the priority of tourism development policies to increase local revenue during the Covid-19 Pandemic Period Analysis through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the tourism development policy during the Pandemic period is the development of Human Resources (HR) of tourism, improving the quality of the tourism industry, developing tourism attractions, developing tourism imagery, and community empowerment through tourism. The contribution of the tourism sector to local revenue is not optimal because it is still sourced from the tourism industry. With AHP, this research identifies the priority of tourism development policies to increase local revenue during the Pandemic period, namely tourism destinations, tourism marketing, tourism institutions, and the tourism industry. This study shows that the level of training, supervision, and low management of tourism, increasing the development of tourism destinations, and increasing cooperation. The basic implications of this study are to improve tourism training, supervision, and management, establish regional regulations on tourist attractions and build cooperation with private and other regions. Keywords: Tourism Development Policy, Regional Original Revenue

Millennials as Cross-Cutting Interpreters on Village's Tourism Development Policy in Lampung Province

Millennials play an essential role in exploring the potential of tourist villages. The purpose of this study is to elaborate on the role of millennials as cross-cutting interpreters. Millennials, as cross-cutting interpreters, are representatives of all tourism stakeholders, both internally and externally, such as tourists, local governments, and private parties (investors). Millennials also have a role as the interpreter group because they are easy to accept. The reason is that modernity domination that offers camouflage in the consumerism life frame blinds the millennials. Thus, the level of confidence in self-actualization with local cultural wisdom decreases due to global capitalism. This research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data are collected through interviews and FGD with key informants relevant to this research study. The result of this research is that the Rigis Jaya and Kelawi Village millennial generation, who are members of the Minang Rua Bahari tourism groups, is a component of village institutions that needs to be embraced by all relevant parties. An effort to collaborate with the millennial generation to equalize opinions and raise tourism development requires commitment from all village components. This effort provides an understanding that the millennial generation is part of the "producer" in developing tourist villages and is aware of the importance of tourist villages in their living environment as a shared responsibility.

ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL OF COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM TOWARD SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY IN TUA CHUA KARST PLATEAU – DIEN BIEN – VIET NAM

Tua Chua Karst Plateau - a living area of the Mong ethnic group with spectacular natural landscapes, cool weather, and unique indigenous cultural values. They are all prerequisites for tourism development. This study aims to evaluate the potential of community-based ecotourism development in the Tua Chua Karst Plateau. This research uses the AHP method. Evaluation criteria include (i) uniqueness of natural landscape, (ii) indigenous cultural value, (iii) stakeholder engagement, (iv) local tourism development policy, (v) quality of infrastructure, (vi) quality of tourism facilities, (vii) accessibility, (viii) connectivity. The evaluation system includes eight criteria that have classified tourism resources according to each resource point and identified suitable internal and external potentials to exploit the geological value of the plateau and preserve indigenous culture. Results of this study reveal that the indigenous cultural values, the participation of local communities, and the uniqueness of the natural landscape have an important impact on the development of ecotourism. Tua Chua Karst Plateau has great potential for community-based ecotourism development with 14 tourist resource sites, of which 8 are highly appreciated.

TOURISM POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA: DOES LOCAL STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT COUNT?

Municipalities are at the lowest level of Government, and it is where the actual implementation of tourism policies takes place. District municipalities and communities globally often face poorly planned development projects resulting from inefficient and ineffective policy and planning implementation. One of the reasons for this is that there is, at times, a lack of participation by key stakeholders. The success of tourism development policies and their implementation rests on the involvement of all relevant stakeholders. This study adopted a qualitative research approach whereby purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to identify the research sample from the research population. The research population included the district municipality staff, regional and local tourism organisations, also known as tourism forums, tourism development agencies, and the rural planning and economic development departments. Consequently, fourteen (14) semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from the district municipality, local municipalities, tourism organisations and Eastern Cape Parks Tourism Agency. A thematic analysis technique was used to analyse the data. This study focused on stakeholder involvement in the development and implementation of tourism policies in the O.R Tambo District Municipality (ORTDM). The key findings from the study revealed that there is a lack of stakeholder collaboration in development and the implementation of tourism-related policies in ORTDM.

Problematizing tourism for conservation: An eco-cultural critique on sustainability

Nature conservation has often been depicted as an effective policy measure to redress the ongoing environmental problems across the globe. The need to ensure sustainability for people’s secured subsistence has rendered nature conservation an indispensable scheme in the tourism development policy. It is evident that during the last couple of decades, the notion of “conservation” has become less established whilst tourism development has been prioritised as a profit making venture by both the national and international agencies. Numerous solutions have been prescribed by international organisations adopting tourism as an “immense potentiality” which mostly represented a sustainability effort for the local development and environment. South Asia in general and Bangladesh, in particular, are no different, since policy for nature conservation has been misplaced and misread to reach sustainability goals, as it has always been connected with the tourism development agenda. From a systematic literature review, it was found that the use of natural resources by local people was exemplified as a threat to sustainability where the relations between conservation and tourism became a policy issue. The paper intends to problematise the mechanism of tourism policies for nature conservation or conservation policies for tourism development that overlooks the local eco-cultural management practice for sustainability. Along with the environmental discourses, an eco-cultural critique on sustainability was employed.

Strategi Komunikasi Pengembangan Pariwisata di Kelurahan Matakando Kota Bima

The implementation of tourism development policies in the Matakando Village Kota Bima requires an appropriate communication strategy. Mapping a communication strategy is one way for the government to develop regional potential in 10 Matakando Villages with all forms of available Natural Resources. Researchers examine tourism development through the implementation of communication strategies in understanding existing regulations as well as describing the use of government communication strategies to collaborate with various parties in tourism development in local areas. This situation requires a relevant collaborative approach and analysis of the suitability of the concept of implementing a communication strategy originating from regulations, observational data, collection of complementary documents to meet the needs of research on tourism development. Examined from this context, the researchers used a type of qualitative research through a literature review approach. This position places researchers to sort, select, analyze phenomena that occur within the scope of implementing communication strategy policies through a number of supporting documents, articles, tourism narratives in interpreting various issues regarding tourism development communication strategies. Based on the results of observations in the field and the results of document analysis, it was found that a number of implementations of policy communication strategies were found in the communication strategy for tourism development in Matakando Village, including adaptation to facility development and implementation of strategic policies. Facility development adaptation is related to environmental management through various supporting facilities in the development of local area spatial planning. Facility development adaptation is related to environmental management through various supporting facilities in the development of local area spatial planning. Meanwhile, the implementation of strategic policies is related to government collaboration with various parties in assisting tourism development in the Matakando sub-district.

Environmental-Based Tourism Village Modeling in Tasikmalaya District, West Java

The tourism sector in Tasikmalaya Regency has very good potential to be developed towards an ecotourism-based tourism area. The objectives of this study were: to identify the level of fulfillment of the criteria for a tourist village in Santana Mekar Village, Tasikmalaya; and formulate the development and modeling of environmentally-based tourism villages. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a field survey. Analysis of the potential of the three tourist areas using SWOT analysis. Santana Mekar Village has tourism potential which can be divided into three categories, namely: natural tourism, educational tourism, and cultural tourism, based on these three potentials, Santanamekar village can be used as a model for eco-based tourism village and become leading tourism in Tasikmalaya Regency. The results of this study are expected to provide important information about tourism potential that can be developed and can be input for local governments in tourism development policies in Tasikmalaya Regency.

A quantitative analysis of the impact of explicit incorporation of recency, seasonality and model specialization into fine-grained tourism demand prediction models.

Forecasting is of utmost importance for the Tourism Industry. The development of models to predict visitation demand to specific places is essential to formulate adequate tourism development plans and policies. Yet, only a handful of models deal with the hard problem of fine-grained (per attraction) tourism demand prediction. In this paper, we argue that three key requirements of this type of application should be fulfilled: (i) recency-forecasting models should consider the impact of recent events (e.g. weather change, epidemics and pandemics); (ii) seasonality-tourism behavior is inherently seasonal; and (iii) model specialization-individual attractions may have very specific idiosyncratic patterns of visitations that should be taken into account. These three key requirements should be considered explicitly and in conjunction to advance the state-of-the-art in tourism prediction models. In our experiments, considering a rich set of indoor and outdoor attractions with environmental and social data, the explicit incorporation of such requirements as features into the models improved the rate of highly accurate predictions by more than 320% when compared to the current state-of-the-art in the field. Moreover, they also help to solve very difficult prediction cases, previously poorly solved by the current models. We also investigate the performance of the models in the (simulated) scenarios in which it is impossible to fulfill all three requirements-for instance, when there is not enough historical data for an attraction to capture seasonality. All in all, the main contributions of this paper are the proposal and evaluation of a new information architecture for fine-grained tourism demand prediction models as well as a quantification of the impact of each of the three aforementioned factors on the accuracy of the learned models. Our results have both theoretical and practical implications towards solving important touristic business demands.

Tourism policy and United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 16: peace and stability in the Middle East and North Africa

PurposeThis article explores the ways in which the relationship between tourism, sustainable development and peace in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is presented in national tourism policies, with a focus on United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)16: peace justice and strong institutions.Design/methodology/approachLeximancer 5.0 software is used to analyze national tourism policy documents. Themes and concepts from the documents are presented visually in a concept map, and further qualitative analysis is carried out on the theme of sustainability to generate insights.FindingsThe relationship between tourism and peace is not well developed in tourism policies in the MENA region. This is a missed opportunity to use the engine of tourism development to promote regional sustainable development, but increased engagement with nongovernmental organization (NGOs) and communities by tourism policy-makers can help to address this.Originality/valueThis article links SDG 16 to tourism policy and provides insights into how this relationship could be developed in a region experiencing recurrent crises and high levels of tourism growth.