ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТУРИЗМУ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ: ДОСВІД НІМЕЧЧИНИ

Abstract

The article examines the peculiarities of the sustainable development of tourism in Germany in the modern conditions of climate change. It is noted that the country has a huge tourist attraction, which is determined by the presence of natural resources, cultural and historical attractions, developed infrastructure of traditional health resorts and modern architecture of large cities, which have all the possibilities for organizing various types of tourism. The contribution of tourism to the German economy is quite significant and is characterized by the following indicators: it ranks second in terms of revenue after mechanical engineering, creates 4% of the country's gross domestic product, and provides jobs for 6 million people. The results of a survey of tourism companies regarding their attitude to sustainable development in view of all economic challenges during the coronavirus period are presented. The organizational chart of state tourism bodies in Germany is characterized and the main responsibility for the development, formation and promotion of the country's tourism policy is indicated. The federal government has primary responsibility for the development, formulation and promotion of tourism policy. It is assisted by the Tourism Advisory Council, which brings together the interests of government, the tourism industry, academia and other stakeholders. The rating of the world's most sustainable cities was reviewed and it was determined that Munich and Frankfurt am Main are among the top ten of the rating. Hamburg and Berlin ranked 17th and 18th, respectively. This index ranks 100 cities around the world based on three criteria: social and societal factors such as mobility and quality of life, environmental factors including energy consumption, pollution and emissions, and economic performance. The analysis of the positive experience of Germany in the development of its tourism industry showed that it can be used to solve problems in the development of a similar industry in Ukraine, namely: in improving the system of state regulation of tourism, as well as in overcoming problems and improving the process of promoting tourism opportunities in Ukraine country and abroad. The further successful implementation of the principles of sustainability in the development of tourism and the need to consolidate the efforts of all stakeholders at all levels, taking into account the interests of all groups, including local communities, tourists, representatives of the tourism business, etc., were emphasized. The role of the government is undeniably important, as it is called upon to develop a strategic basis for planning the development of the tourism industry taking into account the principles of sustainability, to ensure the study of the recreational capacity of territories, to initiate the development of certification systems, indicators of sustainable development in order to monitor the consequences of tourism activities from a social, ecological and economic point of view.