Tools Of State Support Research Articles

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УКРАЇНІ

Introduction. In the conditions of war, Ukraine faces numerous challenges that affect the socio-economic situation and the functioning of the labor market. At the same time, the formation of an inclusive labor market, which is able to provide equal opportunities for all citizens, including vulnerable groups of the population, which will contribute to social cohesion and economic stability of the country, becomes particularly relevant. This requires the formation of conceptual approaches to the creation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of wartime and the challenges facing the country. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the study is to determine the conceptual foundations of the formation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine in wartime conditions based on the identification of the main challenges for attracting vulnerable population groups to the labor market and the development of ways to overcome them in order to ensure the social and economic stability of the state. Methods. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis of scientific literature, regulatory and legal framework and statistical data. The research uses methods of comparative analysis to determine barriers in the labor market, a systematic approach to determine the conceptual foundations of inclusiveness, and a method of logical generalization to determine practical ways to solve the identified problems. Results. The article identifies the need for the formation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine in the conditions of war, when socio-economic instability affects access to employment for various population groups. The main barriers to the participation of vulnerable population groups in the labor market, including veterans, internally displaced persons, people with disabilities, youth and women, have been identified. The analysis of the modern legal framework showed that there is currently a shortage of state support tools for their employment. The importance of cooperation between the state, business and the public sector to create equal employment opportunities has been proven. Conceptual approaches to the formation of an inclusive labor market are defined: implementation of professional retraining programs, development of social entrepreneurship and adaptation of workplaces. The need for the formation of a state policy aimed at ensuring equal access to the labor market for all population groups and strengthening the economic stability of Ukraine has been proven. Conclusions. The importance of the formation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine as a key element of socio-economic stability in the conditions of war has been proven. The proposed conceptual principles ensure the expansion of opportunities for vulnerable population groups, the reduction of unemployment and the increase of social cohesion.

Особливості державної підтримки стартап-підприємництва в європейських країнах

The article examines the specifics of state support for startup industries in European countries. The authors analyze the main directions and features of implementing state policies in the field of innovation and startup entrepreneurship development. Existing tools for activating innovative and startup activities applied worldwide were identified. State support for the startup industry includes financial and non-financial assistance, as well as the creation of a favorable business environment. The essence and directions of state support for startups should depend on the stages of the innovation process and the needs of startups at each stage of their life cycle. Therefore, state support tools for startup entrepreneurship need to be differentiated and considered based on the innovation development needs at each stage. European Union countries employ various approaches to state support for innovation. Some countries, such as Spain, France, and Germany, directly support innovation in enterprises by providing financial and non-financial assistance. Others, like Finland, utilize indirect methods to stimulate innovation, such as subsidies and tax incentives. The predictability of state support for innovation is a crucial factor in its effectiveness. The article proposes recommendations for adapting and implementing effective mechanisms and tools to activate innovative and startup activities in Ukraine. Considering the resource constraints faced by Ukraine, particularly during full-scale warfare, the government must prioritize supporting selected startups and projects relevant to the country’s current circumstances. Post-war reconstruction efforts should involve creating a favorable legal and institutional environment to simplify the initiation and management of startup projects. Stimulating collaboration between businesses, research institutions, and universities through the development of innovation and technology spaces, incubators, accelerators, and startup schools is essential to support initiatives from talented youth, providing opportunities for skills enhancement and education for young entrepreneurs.

Defining the Notion ‘Youth Entrepreneurship’ in View of Including in it Specific Features of Entrepreneurial Resource Use

The article studies possible definitions of the notion ‘youth entrepreneurship’ with regard to including in it specific features of entrepreneurial resource use, such as generation of business ideas (initiatives), implementation of business-projects and management of their realization. The author proposed to summarize definitions that take into account both age characteristics of young people and level of their education and features of entrepreneurial resource realization, such as entrepreneurial capital, skills, knowledge, motivation and innovation abilities. Within the frames of the article the model of education lever was put forward and discussed that shows the impact of state support tools being realized in state education policy on the development of youth entrepreneurship. The research findings can be useful for investigators, practical workers and state bodies dealing with the development of youth entrepreneurship.

Оценка технико-технологической составляющей сельского хозяйства: методологические подходы разработки

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the need for an assessment of the technical and technological component of agriculture, as well as the development of methodological approaches to its implementation. Methods. To achieve the goal of the study, such methods of scientific cognition as monographic, abstract-logical, institutional, analysis and synthesis, generalization of data were used. The information and theoretical and methodological base was made up of normative legal acts and strategic programs for the development of the industry, the works of domestic and foreign scientists and economists. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the research consists in substantiating the need to assess the technical and technological component of the agricultural sector of the country as a basis for the development of state projects and programs for the modernization of the industry in the transition to a new technological order. Methodological approaches are proposed for assessing the level of technical and technological development of the industry at three levels: federal, regional and the level of an economic entity. Results. The article substantiates the need to assess the technical and technological components of agriculture. The current state of the agricultural machinery industry, the main results of its work in recent years are analyzed. In order to identify problem areas and potential growth points of domestic agricultural machinery, its SWOT analysis has been compiled. It is noted that the modern Russian agricultural sector has a high dependence on imported machinery and equipment. To ensure the ability of the domestic agricultural machinery industry to replace imported supplies of machinery in the shortest possible time, it is necessary to expand and improve state support. In order to work out the most effective working directions and tools of state support in a particular region, a reliable assessment of the level of technical and technological development of the agricultural sector is necessary.

ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ТА СФЕРА ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ СУБ’ЄКТАМ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

The article considers that the issue of state assistance in the digital sector is quite new, and especially relevant for Ukraine during the martial law and during the post-war reconstruction of the country. Understanding the possibilities of digital technology and the risks of being left behind in the race for digital transformation, governments around the world are increasingly putting digital transformation front and centre of their policy agenda to stimulate social development and economic prosperity. This involves significant investment, the need to address legal issues, and requires constant adaptation to the specific conditions of each country. The provision of state assistance in the digital sphere is regulated by the regulations of the EU Commission, in particular the articles regulating the provision of state assistance for innovations. It is noted that the digital portal Diya deserves special attention in the field of development of digital tools of state support for business entities. State assistance in the digital sector is focused on achieving long-term goals for the security of digital infrastructure, digital business transformation and digitalization of public services based on the widespread introduction of digital technologies. The success of digital transformation depends on the coordination of efforts of the state and entrepreneurs to expand the implementation of e-services and the transition to inclusive electronic interaction between state supervision and control bodies and business. The impact of the war proved to be an extremely powerful stimulus to the digitalization of Ukraine. The IT industry has become the only one that in 2022 showed positive growth rates, although its development indicators were much worse than expected (the increase was only 6% against the expected 40%). According to the NBU, in 2022 The IT industry provided foreign exchange earnings to the Ukrainian economy in the amount of $7.34 billion. The volume of exports increased by $400 million compared to pre-war 2021, an increase of 5.8%; the number of IT specialists in Ukraine has reached a record high of 300 thousand people.

Stimulating the processes of attracting investments in industry of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

<p>The current conditions of the world economy development are characterized by the aggravation of the struggle between countries for technological leadership in the transition to a new technological mode on the basis of Industry 5.0, and the negative impact of barriers in international trade in goods and technologies due to sanctions against Russia, which creates windows of opportunity in the field of ensuring technological sovereignty on its own industrial base. One of the most important factors for the successful implementation of the windows of opportunity for the development of domestic production of high-tech products is the stimulation of the processes of attracting private investments in industrial enterprises of large, medium and small-sized business, including through the formation of an effective system of state support tools. The aim of the article is to improve the processes of attracting industrial investments, specifically in the context of identifying factors that can have a negative impact on the investment activities of Russian enterprises of various size groups by analyzing and adjusting the existing tools of state support for industrial enterprises, including small technology companies, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and developing areas for their improvement in order to ensure technological security under the conditions of sanctions. The article studies the features of the investment industrial infrastructure as exemplified by the most industrially developed regions of the Volga and Ural Federal Districts. The insufficient level of investment of small industrial enterprises in comparison to large and medium-sized business has been revealed. It has been found that the sanctions did not affect small and medium-sized business in comparison to large enterprises due to their insufficient role in the production of gross regional product and exports. The efficiency of investment resource utilization in the regions under consideration has been assessed using the data envelopment analysis model oriented on maximization of the result. According to the modeling results, the Republic of Tatarstan and the Sverdlovsk Region have been identified as efficient regions. The experience of the best practice of these regions has been analyzed, and the tools of key federal and regional development institutions has been considered, including those cofinanced by them as part of joint development projects. Promising directions for stimulating investment processes in the Republic of Bashkortostan and other regions of Russia on the basis of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of their investment industrial infrastructure for the timely implementation of the windows of opportunity to achieve technological leadership have been proposed.</p>

New Instruments for Investment Support of Technology Sovereignty Projects

The growth of restrictive measures against the Russian Federation in the context of the high import dependence of the national economy calls for special attention to be paid to the country’s achievement of technological sovereignty and the launching of a new sustainable investment cycle. This involves the task of dynamically increasing the creation of new medium- and high-technology industries, with a central role being given to the creation of a resource database of projects. Limited public budgets and the inaccessibility of external financial markets make it appropriate to consider domestic private and (or) resources as priority sources of financing debt, especially when the latter are not sufficiently involved in the investment process. In turn, it is unlikely to accumulate the funds of credit organizations and the business sector without the use of modern state support tools that would reduce the cost of capital for the implementation of investment projects and, thus, they redirected financial flows to the highest priority, albeit low-margin, of the real sector. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze new instruments of investment support of projects of ensuring technological sovereignty in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Ресурсные центры как инструмент государственной поддержки социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций (на примере города Москвы)

The study is intended to raise the problem of how to analyze the activities of NPO resource centers as one of the main state support tools for socially oriented non-profit organizations as providers of main social services in the city of Moscow. As part of the conducted research, the main directions of work of the resource center of NPOs in Moscow on the issues of property, information, consulting and educational support of socially oriented organizations of the city were considered. The presented results make it possible to identify the best practices in the organization of state support for SONPOs in the conditions of the economic crisis and development of the social sphere in the city of Moscow. The conducted analysis of the activities of the Resource Center of NPOs in the city of Moscow allowed to systematize the work experience of the State Budgetary Institution of Moscow “Moscow House of Public Organizations” in the field of interaction and support of socially oriented projects.

State Policy Regulations of Agriculture for Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism

In order to ensure the high efficiency of the functioning of the actors of the rural tourism sector, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study, taking into account its sustainable development. This research paper underlines that the particular features of state regulation of the domestic agro-industrial complex need the expansion of state support tools through the development of rural tourism, conducting in same time at diversification factors helping its development. The paper explores state policy regulations underling the positive effects of rural tourism upon economy as a whole, factors that influences development of tourism, the integration of agriculture activities with those of tourism which implies constant inter-sectoral interaction; last but not least is analyzed the data on the share of agriculture and rural tourism in the structure of Kazakhstan's GDP, the level of the average monthly nominal wage of one employee by type of economic activity which is unappealing due the fact the structure peasants’ farms could be a mean rural tourism in which economy is enhanced.

THE VALUE OF INFORMATION PROVISION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF TOURIST ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN CHALLENGES

The article highlights the basics and practical tools for the use of information provision in the tourism business in the conditions of modern challenges. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current state of information provision for the activities of tourist enterprises and to identify promising key directions for its development. The current state of the enterprise in Ukraine under martial law conditions is analyzed. The key areas of implementation of the state policy in the field of information provision of tourist activity and the tools of state support for the activities of enterprises in the conditions of modern challenges have been identified. The methodological basis of the research is general theoretical and specific methods, in particular, the method of logical generalization (logico-dialectical), the method of scientific abstraction, and the grapho-analytical method. Currently, there is an objective need to continue scientific developments in the field of information provision for the tourism industry and to create new scientific approaches and practical models for the formation of state policy of the tourism development.

РАЗВИТИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

The efficiency of enterprises in a market economy is based on their ability to quickly respond to rapidly changing economic realities. At the same time, one of the fundamental factors affecting the effectiveness, speed and efficiency of such a response is the presence and use of innovative technologies by an economic entity in its activities. Due to the focus of the modern economy on the development of innovation, state support for innovative enterprises is of key importance, since it is financial assistance from the state that is the foundation for the successful development of an innovative enterprise. The search for ways of state regulation and response, mechanisms, tools of state support is the main task when considering the problem of development of innovative enterprises. At the same time, an increase in innovative activity requires the participation of all public authorities, since in addition to monetary resources, tax policy, including various state benefits, credit policy, etc., should also be directed to solving this problem. In other words, the development of innovative activity and innovative enterprises requires the coordination of all state bodies involved in the regulation of the innovation sphere, which predetermines the relevance of the topic of the present study.

Special economic zones: Econometric assessment of effects and development prospects

Introduction. The article examines the efficiency of special economic zones and their impact on economic growth and investments. Various special economic zones have been organized in many countries over the past decades, but an overview of the international literature concerning their impact on regional development gives unclear conclusions about their long -term efficiency. The demand for the most productive tools of state support of the economy in uncertain times, prolonged stagnation and transformation processes unfold ing at the turn of the decades can explain the relevance of the paper. Purpose . The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of special economic zones as a tool for faster development of the regions in the Russian Federation. The key idea of the paper is to develop and justify an econometric model aimed to assess the impact of special economic zones on the regional development. This econometric model is supposed to give reliable conclusions about the introduction of these zones as public units of regional development. Materials and Methods . Theoretically and methodologically, the paper comes from the theories and approaches taken from institutional and regional economies. The key methods are the natural experiment and the difference -in-difference method which estimate the average effect from special economic zones on the gross regional product, investments, and employment with due regard to the overall economic growth dynamics in the country and the displacement effect caused by self- selection. The primary 2010– 2020 Rosstat figures were analyzed . Results . It has been reliably proven and national practices show that special economic zones produce an adve rse effect primarily on the gross regional product per capita and the average annual employment rate. Conclusion . The proposed model represents a novel approach in the studies. Together with the economic theory, the findings the model gave support the demand for a customized state -implemented tool for its intervention in the economic development of different territories and could persuade the authorities to adjust their approaches in practice. Further studies could be focused on finding public regulatory tools tailored for specific territories and conditions.

Legal regulation of financial support for agricultural producers

The article is on the topic “Legal regulation of relations in the field of agricultural development”. The author analyzes the legal regulation in the field of agro-industrial in the Russian Federation. Agrarian legal relations include such features that must be taken into account when norm-setting activities in the field of agricultural development. The subject of the agro-industrial complex are enterprises engaged in the cultivation and sale of agricultural products. The objects of legal relations are related to the cultivation and processing of products, works and services that are performed in the course of economic activity. Agrarian policy, in combination with all other types of state policy, serves as an economic tool for ensuring food security, therefore requires the development of effective mechanisms for its implementation, analysis of the effectiveness of strategic planning and existing tools to support and stimulate the development of the agricultural sector. The author considered a new Strategy for the development of agriculture until 2030. We also analyzed the effectiveness of state financial support for 2023. It was concluded that the formation and implementation of state support tools for the development of the agro-industrial complex should take place on the basis of the developed conceptual foundations, it is necessary to activate the competitive advantages of all structural and functional components of the sector.

ՀԱՑԱՀԱՏԻԿԻ ԱՐՏԱԴՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ԿԱՐԳԱՎՈՐՄԱՆ ՈՒՂԻՆԵՐԸ ՀՀ ՊԱՐԵՆԱՅԻՆ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱՊԱՀՈՎՄԱՆ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ

Food security of the population is one of the main challenges of the 21st century, which, due to the events of recent years (Artsakh war, pandemic, Russian-Ukrainian conflict, sanctions, export restrictions) and their consequences, has become more acute. The stability of the grain sector in the country is of particular importance from the point of view of improving the food security in Armenia. Based on the study of international practice of state support for agricultural production, the results of analysis on the effectiveness of the state support tools traditionally used in different countries, as well as evaluating the state support for the development of grain production in RA, we have developed a model of state regulation of grain production, where the application of a number of realistic methods and measures is emphasized. The results of the studies document that, despite the government’s efforts to expand grain production, the grain sown areas are decreasing year by year, yield growth is not ensured, and the total growth is decreasing. Studying the international experience of state support for agricultural production, analyzing the results of the effectiveness of the state support tools traditionally used in different countries, as well as evaluating the state support for the development of grain production in RA for 2010-2021, we propose to revise the state regulation tools. In particular, to create a grain commission, form a guarantee and collateral price institute, set grain production and distribution quantities, strengthen contractual relations, form a commodity credit company and a grain price stabilization fund, apply commodity intervention, as well as promote economy-infrastructure intervention. We believe that the mentioned fundamental measures will contribute to the prospective development of grain production, ensure realistic results in the medium term, strengthen the cooperation between the state, production and science, as well as increase the self-sufficiency level of grain and, most importantly, will contribute to ensuring the food security of the Republic of Armenia.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА НИЗКОУГЛЕРОДНЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ В ОТРАСЛЯХ ЭКОНОМИКИ, ВКЛЮЧАЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС: ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ

The presented analysis of studies by foreign authors (China, USA, Brazil, EU, Malaysia, Iran) allows us to evaluate the range and effectiveness of state support tools for low-carbon projects in economic sectors, including the agro-industrial complex. The increase in costs at the initial stage of the energy transition must be offset by a variety of government support instruments (subsidies, preferential loans, preferential taxation, access to resources, innovation) is an inevitable problem for the global renewable energy market. Using world practice, it is natural for the developers of the state policy of low-carbon regulation in Russia to raise and solve the following questions: what are the incentives for the introduction of low-carbon projects for business and the population, is the existing set of state support tools sufficient, how are indicators of the state low-carbon policy compared with market identifiers associated with the energy transition to decarbonized economy. The study allows us to state that the instruments of state support for low-carbon projects in the sectors of the Russian economy, including subsidies for the modernization of existing industries, the introduction of the best technologies with low and zero greenhouse gas emissions, tax incentives, should be worked out at the level of regions or macroregions – federal districts, using foreign experience.

Basic issues in the development of grain production in the Republic of Armenia in the context of food security

Ensuring food independence and food safety is one of the most important issues of social and economic development of the Republic of Armenia. This has a key meaning, since in the current conditions of the social-economic and international policy of the Republic of Armenia, the role of supremacy of national interests and economic security of the state has become even more important. The food security of the country directly depends on the indicators recorded by the agricultural sector, and although the agricultural sector is of strategic importance for the Armenian economy, in 2022, compared to the previous year, the growth was only 0.4%, which is associated with an increase of 5.7% and a decrease by 5% in the horticultural sector. It is especially alarming that one of the main branches of RA agriculture saw a 38.9% decrease in grain output quantities from 2005 to 2022. Emphasizing the role and importance of grain production in the context of food security and security of the country, it becomes necessary to assess the internal reserves for increasing grain production, creating sufficient conditions for the full and effective use of arable land, and developing multifaceted state support tools to intensify the industry.

О ПОДДЕРЖКЕ И СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПОДХОДАХ К СОЗДАНИЮ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ КЛАСТЕРОВ КАК ЭКОСИСТЕМ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ

The article is devoted to the analysis of support and modern approaches to the creation of industrial clusters as ecosystems for the organization of distributed industries. It has been established that logistics, industrial and multifunctional sites, as well as economic clusters, play an important role in the formation of distributed industries. logistics sites provide efficient transport and storage solutions, speeding up the flow of materials and goods. The authors proved that despite the significant scientific interest in the effectiveness of state support tools and the application of modern approaches to the creation of industrial clusters, the scientific problem of the formation of ecosystems for the organization of distributed industries based on industrial clusters has not been completely resolved. In this regard, the purpose of the article was to study modern trends in the development of industrial clusters in the context of organizing distributed production systems based on them. It has been established that logistics, industrial and multifunctional sites, as well as economic clusters, play an important role in the formation of distributed industries. logistics sites provide efficient transport and storage solutions, speeding up the flow of materials and goods. Industrial sites provide space and infrastructure to host manufacturing plants and specialized services. Multifunctional sites combine different activities such as production, logistics and research, creating synergies. Economic clusters attract companies from similar industries and areas of activity, creating a high concentration of economic activity and spurring innovation and economic growth. All these elements contribute to the formation of distributed industries, where companies can collaborate, share knowledge and resources, increasing their competitiveness and operational efficiency. The authors set themselves the task of further researching the trends in the development of industrial clusters in the context of organizing distributed production systems based on them, including the theory and practice of managing distributed production systems, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of Russian territories and the conditions for introducing a business. The analysis of existing industrial clusters in Russia and the world is carried out in the context of organizing distributed production based on them. It is shown that each of the considered industrial clusters has its own characteristics and specialization. For example, the Kama Machine-Building Industrial Cluster in the Republic of Tatarstan combines enterprises in the automotive industry, the production of auto components, rubber and plastic products. It has a highly qualified staff and leading innovations in chemistry, petrochemistry and mechanical engineering. The pharmaceutical cluster in the Kaluga region specializes in research, development and implementation of pharmaceutical drugs. The cluster includes industrial parks, warehouse infrastructure and a container terminal, and also cooperates with scientific and educational institutions. MidAmerica Industrial Park in the USA is the largest industrial park in Oklahoma. It provides sites for the location of industries, mainly in the field of metalworking and chemical production. The fleet has a rich history of over 60 years and continues to attract new industries, including electric vehicle manufacturer Canoo.

Разработка региональных государственных программ поддержки сельхозтоваропроизводителей, внедряющих углеродно-нейтральные технологии

The article presents an analysis of research on state support for agricultural producers implementing carbon-neutral technologies, which allowed us to assess the range and effectiveness of tools for this support in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The relevance of the development of regional programs in accordance with the requirements of the importing countries of our agricultural products is proved. The increase in costs at the initial stage of energy transition should help to implement technological sovereignty projects that provide for the sustainable production of high-tech products of a full innovation cycle based on domestic developments, including carbon-neutral technologies. These costs should be compensated by various instruments of state support (subsidies, preferential loans, preferential taxation, access to resources, innovation). The developers of the state policy of low-carbon regulation in Russia should, using international practice, raise and solve the following questions: what are the incentives for the introduction of low-carbon projects for business and the public, whether the existing set of state support tools is sufficient, how the indicators of the state low-carbon policy are compared with market identifiers associated with the energy transition to a decarbonized economy. The conducted research suggests that the instruments of state support for low–carbon projects in the sectors of the Russian economy, including subsidies for the modernization of existing production facilities, the introduction of the best technologies with low and zero greenhouse gas emissions, tax incentives, should be worked out at the level of regions or macro-regions - federal districts, using foreign experience.

Финансовые инструменты обеспечения эффективности трансформационных процессов развития сельскохозяйственной отрасли

Ensuring the effective development of transformational processes in the agricultural sector is currently one of the key tasks of the socio-economic policy of the Russian Federation. The processes of systemic transformation of the market agro-economy are aimed at ensuring a stable and balanced growth in agricultural production in the country as part of the implementation of the doctrine of food security. Using modern financial mechanisms for preferential lending to agricultural producers should contribute to the dynamic development of the industry by ensuring sufficient investment in fixed capital and timely provision of agricultural enterprises with short loans, the purpose of which is to support farmers “in the moment” taking into account a seasonality factor. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of agricultural production for 1990-2022 the distinctive features of the stages of transformation of the agricultural industry of the Russian Federation are determined. In the course of assessing the level of digitalization of the agricultural industry at the present stage of development it was revealed that the digitalization index and the intensity of the use of digital technologies in agriculture are the lowest among all leading industries, as well as due to the low level of investment activity. Main tools of state support for enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are the direct subsidies and subsidies for preferential loans to ensure the stable functioning of the industry. Analysis of the needs of agricultural producers in preferential loans and the percentage of their satisfaction indicates the insufficient development of the mechanism for preferential lending to agricultural producers on the part of all its subjects. According to the results of the analysis, recommendations were developed to improve the efficiency of the mechanism for preferential lending to the industry, which are designed to ensure the availability of this type of lending for all forms of business, simplify the procedure for issuing preferential loans, reduce the time for filing and considering applications, and increase the percentage of their approval

METHODOLOGY FOR ENSURING, REGULATING, AND MONITORING COMPLIANCE WITH THE APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF EFFICIENCY OF THE ENERGY SECURITY SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

The problem of "systematicity" of the criteria for the safety of the gas sector in Ukraine was considered, where it was necessary to substantiate and analyze the essential content of each of the clearly defined criteria in the structure of the systematicity and generality of the approach, which include: Regarding the first criterion of safety, which meaningfully concerns the issues of elimination obstacles and shortage of gas resources with further supply on the industry market - stimulation of the activities of subsurface developers; With regard to the 2nd criterion of compliance with energy security: ensuring free access by all participants of the gas market to the resource of JSC "Ukrgazvydobuvannya" and promoting compliance with competitive mechanisms - accumulation and activation of efforts to cooperate with foreign partners in the direction of the development of underground gas infrastructure; increasing gas production and drilling new wells by involving independent entities; formation of electronic auctions regarding the free access of entities that can conduct geoexploration work on drilling wells and other activities aimed at increasing gas production; The 3rd criterion for achieving the energy security of the gas sector in the direction of transparent regulation of the activity of the National Energy Regulatory Commission of Ukraine with further non-discriminatory functioning of the gas market and objective tariff formation is to introduce the informative system "electronic passport of the licensee" and the mobile application "Energy Online". The 4th criterion for the availability of energy security in the gas sector provides - strengthening the role of regulating the activities of gas market entities through monitoring, licensing, and control by the National Commission, which carries out state regulation in energy and communal services. 5th criterion: application of new forms of organization of relations between important components of innovative development of production, educational and scientific space, and information - development and implementation of the appropriate regulatory and legislative framework, which involves clarifying several conditions regarding the definition of directions, mechanisms, and tools of state support of the system partnership relations between scientific, educational and industrial (specialized) institutions; development of innovation-venture-type infrastructure by introducing the activities of network business incubators, innovation laboratories, etc., which are designed to combine the interests of academic, industry and university science, as well as on this basis, the everyday use of scientific, scientific-technical and educational-production competences. Criterion 6 provides for an increase in own production of natural gas, as well as exploration and production of gas. Considering question 7 of the criterion of the security of the gas sector, it should be noted that varying forms of the combination of state and market