Work Tool Research Articles

Artificial intelligence model system for bone age assessment of preschool children.

Our study aimed to assess the impact of inter- and intra-observer variations when utilizing an artificial intelligence (AI) system for bone age assessment (BAA) of preschool children. A retrospective study was conducted involving a total sample of 53 female individuals and 41 male individuals aged 3-6 years in China. Radiographs were assessed by four mid-level radiology reviewers using the TW3 and RUS-CHN methods. Bone age (BA) was analyzed in two separate situations, with/without the assistance of AI. Following a 4-week wash-out period, radiographs were reevaluated in the same manner. Accuracy metrics, the correlation coefficient (ICC)and Bland-Altman plots were employed. The accuracy of BAA by the reviewers was significantly improved with AI. The results of RMSE and MAE decreased in both methods (p < 0.001). When comparing inter-observer agreement in both methods and intra-observer reproducibility in two interpretations, the ICC results were improved with AI. The ICC values increased in both two interpretations for both methods and exceeded 0.99 with AI. In the assessment of BA for preschool children, AI was found to be capable of reducing inter-observer variability and enhancing intra-observer reproducibility, which can be considered an important tool for clinical work by radiologists. The RUS-CHN method is a special bone age method devised to be suitable for Chinese children. The preschool stage is a critical phase for children, marked by a high degree of variability that renders BA prediction challenging. The accuracy of BAA by the reviewers can be significantly improved with the aid of an AI model system. This study is the first to assess the impact of inter- and intra-observer variations when utilizing an AI model system for BAA of preschool children using both the TW3 and RUS-CHN methods.

Investigation of Energy Consumption and Surface Roughness in Hot Work Tool Steel (DIN 1.2367) and Cold Work Tool steel (DIN 1.2550)

Investigation of Energy Consumption and Surface Roughness in Hot Work Tool Steel (DIN 1.2367) and Cold Work Tool steel (DIN 1.2550)

Non-financial incentives and performance of teaching hospitals in Enugu State Nigeria

This study examined non-financial incentives and performance of teaching hospitals in Enugu State.. The study adopted survey design. The population consists of junior, senior and management staff of both teaching hospitals, numbering 1813, out of which 328 were sampled for the study. A structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Simple percentage rating were used for analysing the data while simple regression technique were used for testing the hypotheses. It was revealed, among other things that staff development and training have significant positive effect on workers’ efficiency; that provision of working tools and equipment have significant positive effect on patients’ satisfaction; and that issuance of honorary awards and recognition have significant positive effect on worker’s attitude. In its recommendation, the study submitted that since teaching hospitals double as health and educational institutions, they should provide professional development programmes for in-house staff. Furthermore, since they are public service institutions, the government should do well to provide modern innovative working tools to help staff members update their on-the-job skills and boost patients’ confidence on the quality of healthcare services rendered in these institutions.

Wear characteristics of cold tool steels for recycling plastic preprocessing

Abstract Eight type of commercial cold work tool steels were heat treated to achieve the equal hardness of 650 HV. Heat-treated samples were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify microstructural features and phases. The samples were examined in three distinct wear modes: adhesion, two-body wear using pin wear on SiC, and recycling plastic cutting machine, respectively. The wear surfaces of samples were analyzed by 3D scanning technology. The microstructure of steels determined their wear characteristics. For low sliding and higher cutting speeds, the order of adhesive wear performance of the steels was reversed due to the stress occurring in the cutting line. The wear rate of all samples was commensurate with load. In the recycling plastic cutting process, the sample with the minimum and homogeneously dispersed carbides exhibited the best wear performance. Tempering the S3 sample prevented crack formation and improved fracture toughness.

Workshop Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Kurikulum Merdeka Bagi Mahasiswa Calon Guru Agama Katolik

In practical field experiences with an independent curriculum framework, learning tools, become interactive learning media that help teachers practice when teaching and interacting with students. The problem that occurs is that student teachers do not yet properly understand the concept and implementation of the curriculum. The pre-test results show that students do not have sufficient understanding, as evidenced by the average score obtained of 60.9. The improvement solution offered is a workshop on the implementation and preparation of independent curriculum tools in schools. This activity was carried out for 6 days with 120 participants. The implementation method uses a participatory approach with pretest activity steps, material presentation and posttest. The results of this workshop activity show that the workshop activity has a positive impact on students. In terms of the ability to understand the curriculum they are learning and the components in the learning tools, this is proven by the post-test scores with an average score of 82.3, while in terms of the ability to develop learning tools in group work, students can develop teaching modules and Pancasila profile modules correctly. The positive impact of this workshop activity increases students' self-confidence in carrying out practical field experiences at school in educational units according to their phases and characteristics.

Audience analytics and tensions in digital news work: evidence from Swiss news media

PurposeTracing audience preferences via audience analytics software has become a vital strategy for many news organizations to ensure their competitiveness in media markets. Extant research also confirms the growing presence of these tools in digital news work in recent years across many local and international news media. However, little is understood about the analytics-driven tensions emerging among journalists and media managers. This paper aims to address this gap by drawing on the labor process theory, which critically analyzes labor and workplace transformations under capitalism.Design/methodology/approachThe present study employs an interview-based qualitative methodology to deeply understand the factors at the base of the emerging tensions between news workers and managers brought about by audience metrics tools.FindingsResults show how some perceptions, activities and contextual triggers related to analytics could make relationships between workers and managers problematic. The pressures felt by some journalists stemmed from the way their media managers introduced, interpreted, communicated and applied analytics in the workplace, which were not tied to the quality and learning goals related to journalists’ aspirations. As our evidence suggests, the analytics-induced tensions among news workers were rather an outcome of managerial deficits than of systematic plans to exploit journalists.Originality/valueBy identifying the nature of fundamental analytics-driven tensions in newsrooms, this paper contributes to our understanding of how media managers can embrace more effective approaches toward audience analytics, workforce and organizational performance.

A thorough assessment of various forest management planning initiatives and development of improvement strategies towards an ecosystem-based planning

Management planning for forests in Turkey has undergone gradual evolution over the last century. Developing and implementing a comprehensive management planning framework present significant challenges. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of various forest management planning approaches implemented across the country over different time periods, with overarching planning principles. It formulates a robust planning framework and proposes improvements grounded in scientific advancements and international standards. The assessment indicated that the management plans were developed using reputable scientific methods and principles aimed at ensuring the sustainable management of forest resources with certain strengths and opportunities presented by SWOT analysis. All management plans shared a common planning concept primarily focused on maximizing wood production through the area-control harvest scheduling method (except for continuous cover forest, which employed the single tree selection method). Each management plan established its unique vision, targets, policies, objectives, and planning guidelines. Forest inventory data were gathered through a combination of ground surveys and remotely sensed data to characterize and stratify the landscape. A robust in-house management authority and governance system with appropriate technical capacity and guidelines were developed and implemented, fostering a sound common working culture and tools. However, some notable drawbacks were identified, including political pressure, biomass/carbon accounting, growth-yield modelling, economic analysis, limited characterization of the full range of ecosystem services, risk and uncertainty analysis, food security and, particularly, long-term sustainability and scenario analysis with the appropriate decision-making tools and methods. Despite a few strengths, these limitations may raise concerns about the far-sighted design and application, potentially jeopardizing the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. Proposed improvement strategies for an efficient forest ecosystem management planning system include characterization of ecosystem services, modelling their productivity, scenario analysis with a decision support system, stakeholder involvement, balancing utilization and conservation targets, conducting risk and uncertainty analysis and economic analysis of management actions.

What types of performance level labels and descriptors are better suited for equity measurement tools? Contrasting recommendations

ABSTRACT The Equity Audit was designed to measure diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within workplaces. The tool has three versions and is currently undergoing the standard setting process to gather validity evidence for its use within schools and organizations. This study reports on the recommendations from two panels of experts (one for the school version, the other for the Nonprofits/For-profit versions) regarding language use for performance level descriptors and labels. Our findings show that the panels were similar in their recommendations for performance level labels but differed in recommendations for the language of descriptors given workspace type. We discuss these findings in relation to the ethical and critical lens evaluators may adopt in considering the development of tools for DEI work.

Metallographic and Extraction Replica Methods for Characterization of Tungsten Heavy Alloy: H13 Clads

Tungsten heavy alloys are used in demanding high pressure die casting applications due to their high temperature strength, high thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion. High cost limits applications to small sintered die inserts and manual gas tungsten arc weld repairs. A new tungsten heavy alloy consumable, Anviloy wire, was developed for automated cladding of hot work tool steel dies. Literature regarding characterization of tungsten heavy alloy die steel clads was lacking. Understanding base metal dilution effect on clad microstructure is critical but required new sample preparation methods. An Anviloy wire-H13 clad was made using hot wire gas tungsten arc cladding and analyzed with metallography. Samples were found to have grain boundary M6C carbide phase as-welded with the help of an alkaline sodium picrate etchant. An isothermally aged arc crucible melted sample of the same composition was characterized using metallography, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron diffraction. The clad representative arc crucible melted sample was subjected to isothermal aging at 725°C for 100 hours. Isothermal aging resulted in precipitation of a high volume fraction of intermetallic platelets. Using a new carbon extraction replica sample preparation method involving two chemical polishing steps, transmission electron diffraction of precipitates indicated they were mu phase intermetallic.

Increasing Energy Efficiency by Optimizing Heat Treatment Parameters for High-Alloyed Tool Steels

AbstractIn the paper industry, machine circular knives are used in the cutting process to provide industrial quality cuts on a variety of products. In the production of paper rolls, they cut the long-rolled paper products into commercial sizes. For this application, the high-alloyed ledeburitic cold work tool steel, DIN EN 1.2379 (X153CrMoV12; AISI D2), in the secondary hardened heat-treated condition has become the widely used industry solution. However, its heat treatment is a very energy-intensive production process. It consists of a quenching from an austenitizing temperature above 1050 °C, followed by three high-temperature tempering steps of more than 500 °C. In the study, the heat treatment process was optimized for energy efficiency, resulting in superior material properties with lower energy consumption. The most promising low energy heat treatment developed in the laboratory was reproduced in the industrial scale, and the required energy consumption was quantified. Subsequently, the resulting properties of the tools such as hardness, wear resistance and fracture toughness were determined. The energy production costs and mechanical properties of the tool steel were evaluated in comparison to conventional production methods. The newly applied heat treatment condition showed very promising and positive results in all analyzed parameters.

Additive manufacturing of carbon-martensitic hardening ledeburitic cold work tool steels using Fused Filament Fabrication and subsequent Supersolidus Liquid-Phase Sintering

Additive manufacturing of carbon-martensitic hardening ledeburitic cold work tool steels using Fused Filament Fabrication and subsequent Supersolidus Liquid-Phase Sintering

Analisis Produktivitas Alat Berat Pada Pekerjaan Peningkatan Jalan Batas Kota Pegaf – Batas Kabupaten Manokwari Selatan

Roads in Manokwari City still need a lot to be improved, especially on the Pegaf city boundary road - South Manokwari district, because this road connects the border between the City and the district.... This study aims to calculate the productivity of heavy equipment working on road improvement work, Analyzing the balance of road improvement work tools and knowing the total cost and time required in road improvement projects. So that this research is expected to be useful for optimizing the performance of road sections and being able to provide solutions to problems that occur and can provide an overview of the process of using heavy equipment that is effective and efficient. Productivity is the ability to produce something, so it can be said that heavy equipment productivity is the ability of heavy equipment to produce something per unit of time. In general, heavy equipment work production has the same calculation principles. The basic principles of calculating heavy equipment work production are 4 steps, namely calculating actual capacity, cycle time, calculating gross work production (PKK) and calculating actual work production (PKA). So it can be concluded that the productivity of ordinary embankment excavator 173.68m3 / hour, dump truck 10 tons of ordinary embankment 45.58m3 / hour, optional embankment 36.3m3 / hour, asphalt foundation layer (HRS Base) 7.91m3 / hour, Dump truck 4 tons of Class A aggregate layer 4.02m3 / hour, Class B aggregate layer 4.06m3/hour, motor grader 315m2/hour regular embankment, 174.30 m3/hour optional embankment, 561m2/hour pavement preparation, Class A aggregate layer 274.63m3/hour, Class B aggregate layer 274.63m3/hour, vibratory roller regular embankment 159.36 m3/hour, class A aggregate layer 77.02m3/hour, class B aggregate layer 77.02m3/hour asphalt distributor binder layer 4980 liters, air compressor binder work 1365.35 liters, asphalt finisher asphalt foundation layer (HRS Base) 69.85 tons, tandem roller regular embankment 39.84m3/hour, preparation of the road body 272.98m3 / hour, paving 86.59m3 / hour, wheel loader preferred embankment 117.58m3 / hour, class A aggregate layer 114.98m3 / hour, class B aggregate layer 116.53m3 / hour and tire roller paving 104.06 tons and the total cost of all equipment rental is Rp. 254,091,569.

A comparison of the performance of cold work tool steels used in die-making

A comparison of the performance of cold work tool steels used in die-making

Analysis of hair integrity according to the use of different tools and cutting techniques

Introduction: Hair cutting is present in most people's routine and over time tools and techniques have been developed to achieve it. The professional's choice of their working tools has always been based on texture and finishing effects to achieve aesthetic results. Thus, to better understand the importance of tool and haircut technique selection, we investigated the differences in segmentation patterns that the ends of the strands exhibit following various cuts – using four techniques with three types of tools. Furthermore, the question of the need to pay attention to hair cutting was raised by assimilating the concept of fiber, whose cutting direction can increase or decrease its resistance. Material and Methods: Therefore, this study identified different cutting patterns with the aid of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and analyzed the variation in hair fiber integrity through analysis of split ends and breakage. Results and Discussions: Each cutting tool produces a unique pattern, potentially causing different damage to the hair fiber.

Dreaming of a psychomotrician in a medical-psychological emergency room

The psychomotrician is a healthcare professional trained in mind-body approaches. They take into account sensoriality, motor skills, cognition, psyche and emotions in relation to the individual's environment and the expression of disorders. It is an integral part of the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. For some years now, psychomotricians have been part of volunteer teams in medical-psychological emergency units, where they offer an integrative approach. Using the body and mediation as their working tools, they rely on non-verbal communication and body language to bring the patient back to the present moment within a reassuring framework.

Hold Tight: Identifying Behavioral Patterns During Prolonged Work in VR Through Video Analysis.

VR devices have recently been actively promoted as tools for knowledge workers and prior work has demonstrated that VR can support some knowledge worker tasks. However, only a few studies have explored the effects of prolonged use of VR such as a study observing 16 participants working in VR and a physical environment for one work-week each and reporting mainly on subjective feedback. As a nuanced understanding of participants' behavior in VR and how it evolves over time is still missing, we report on the results from an analysis of 559 hours of video material obtained in this prior study. Among other findings, we report that (1) the frequency of actions related to adjusting the headset reduced by 46% and the frequency of actions related to supporting the headset reduced by 42% over the five days; (2) the HMD was removed 31% less frequently over the five days but for 41% longer periods; (3) wearing an HMD is disruptive to normal patterns of eating and drinking, but not to social interactions, such as talking. The combined findings in this work demonstrate the value of long-term studies of deployed VR systems and can be used to inform the design of better, more ergonomic VR systems as tools for knowledge workers.

The effects of austenitization temperature on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Cr–Mo–V hot work tool steels with different nitrogen contents

Two kinds of Cr–Mo–V hot work tool steels with different nitrogen contents, i.e. High-N steel and Low-N steel, were heat treated to investigate phase transformation phenomena in the present study. Microstructure characterization revealed the existence of numerous particles within both steels, which could be further categorized as the following three types: large- (>150 nm), medium- (50–100 nm), and tiny-sized (<10 nm) particles. It should be noted that numerous nanometer-sized V (C, N) precipitates were randomly dispersed within the tempered martensite matrix. Fewer V (C, N) precipitates were found in the High-N steel than in the Low-N steel, which was consistent with the hardness test results. Microstructure analysis (EBSD) also revealed that the matrixes of both hot work tool steels consisted of primarily tempered martensite matrix with extremely low amounts of retained austenite, indicating that the retained austenite could be eliminated effectively by suitable tempering treatment, even in the High-N steel. On the other hand, from the impact toughness and hardness tests, it was found that a higher nitrogen content was beneficial in achieving higher impact toughness, especially at higher austenitizing temperatures, which could be ascribed to the smaller austenite grains in the High-N steel.

Bonding of ceramics to silver-coated titanium-A combined theoretical and experimental study.

It would be very beneficial to have a method for joining of ceramics to titanium reliably. Although several techniques have been developed and tested to prevent extensive interfacial chemical reactions in titanium-ceramic systems, the main problem of the inherent brittleness of interfaces was still unsolved. To overcome this problem also in dental applications, we decided to make use of an interlayer material that needs to meet the following requirements: First, it has to be biocompatible, second, it should not melt below the bonding temperatures, and third, it should not react too strongly with titanium, so that its plasticity will be maintained. Considering possible material options only the metals: gold, platinum, palladium, and silver, fulfill the first and second requirements. To find out-without an extensive experimental testing program-which of the four metals fulfills the third requirement best, the combined thermodynamic and reaction kinetic modeling was employed to evaluate how many and how thick reaction layers are formed between the interlayer metals and titanium. With the help of theoretical modeling, it was shown that silver fulfills the last requirement best. However, before starting to test experimentally the effect of the silver layer on the mechanical integrity of dental ceramic/Ag/Ti joints it was decided to make use of mechanical analysis of the three-point bending test, the result of which indicated that the silver layer increases significantly the bond strength of the joints. This result encouraged us to develop a new technique for plating silver on titanium. Subsequently, we executed numerous three-point bending tests, which demonstrated that silver-plated titanium-ceramic joints are much stronger than conventional titanium-ceramic joints. Hence, it can be concluded that the combined thermodynamic, reaction kinetic, and mechanical modeling method can also be a very valuable tool in medical research and development work.

Comparison of Softening Behavior and Abrasive Wear Resistance between Conventionally and Additively Manufactured Tool Steels

Directed energy deposition (DED) is a powerful method for hard‐facing the existing tool components. Herein, three tool steel grades including a newly developed maraging steel (NMS), a cold work tool steel (V4E), and a high boron steel (HBS) are cladded on a hot work tool steel substrate. After tempering, the cladded tool steels are exposed to high temperatures at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 3 h to evaluate their softening resistance. The results show that all three tool steel grades have a significant hardness drop when the softening temperature reaches 700 °C. The investigated NMS has the lowest initial hardness in the tempered state but the best softening resistance. In contrast, HBS has the highest initial hardness but the worst softening resistance among the three steel grades. V4E tool steel has a moderate softening resistance compared to the other two steel grades. The factors contributing to the softening resistance have been discussed. Corresponding conventional tool steels are also adapted as references for comparison. Except for the NMS, the additive manufacturing tool steel samples have a better softening resistance than the conventional counterparts owing to more alloying elements trapped in the matrix. The abrasive wear resistance of the tempered and softened tool steels manufactured by DED and conventional methods is also evaluated and the wear mechanism is discussed. Besides the hardness, the free spacing λ between coarse hard particles is one of the major factors influencing the abrasive wear resistance.

Особенности моделирования шероховатости поверхности при фрезеровании нержавеющих сталей c применением различных сред

Modeling characteristics for surface finish when milling stainless steels using various media (grade steel 12X18H10T) using IOL-20A (industrial oil lubricant), CM-99 (cooling mixture), rapeseed and castor oils and on dry treatment, using the algorithms of the group method of data handling are viewed. The use of various lubricating and cooling technological mixtures (LCTM) is thought of as the theory of metal cutting factor reducing surface undulation. However, the degree of influence of various LCTM, including vegetable oils, when milling steel 12X18H10T has not been determined. The study case of various effects interaction on the milling process has shown that these studies were conducted on the basis of single-phase experiments that do not allow specifying mutual influence of the studied factors on the value of the parameters of the cutting process for various types of treatment. The research methodology provides for modeling surface finish under milling of 12X18H10T steel according to experimental data using various process liquids in the accepted range of cutting modes. At the same time, modern modeling methods allow us to determine these mutual effects. To obtain models, it is urgent, first of all, to be aware of break-in process criterion and dulling tool criterion as well. As a result of processing experimental data for each of processing media, surface finish models in the form of dependencies Ra = f (v, sz, t) were constructed, adequately describing the milling process with various media. It is indicated that the influence of regime parameters on the formation of micro-dimensions take the form of their close interrelation. Their interplay has various effects, depending on the LCTM used for the specified work stock and tool material.