Tissue Culture Laboratory Research Articles

Kultur Embrio Kelapa Kopyor Menggunakan Beberapa Konsentrasi BA Dan Air Kelapa

Coconut Kopyor is an abnormal fruit, the ordinary coconut flesh is attached to the shell and separated from coconut water while Coconut Kopyor, fruit flesh is not attached to the shell but is mixed with coconut water. Kopyor coconut cannot be used as a seed (seed). The growth of kopyor coconut embryos can only be done in a laboratory with embryo culture technology. Embryo culture is the only way to produce true to type coconut kopyor seeds that can produce 80% kopyor coconut in one kopyor coconut plant, kopyor coconut seedlings produced can support government programs in increasing the productivity of kopyor coconut through the provision of quality seeds. Research on kopyor coconut embryo culture was carried out at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture at Lampung State Polytechnic. The experiment was carried out using a RAL, with 15 treatment combinations of BA media formulations (0, 2, and 4) with coconut water (0 ml / l, 100, 150, 200, 250 ml / l). The observed variables were the percentage of embryos sprouting, when the shoot appeared, shoot height, number of roots, and number of leaves. The results showed that the use of BA 4 mg / l without the addition of coconut water increased the percentage of sprouts, faster time for shoots, and highest shoot height.

‘Dar Sofiyivky’ as a new Ukrainian cultivar of persimmon (Diospyros L.)

Aim. Creation of new domestic persimmon cultivars (Diospyros spp.) adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine will contribute to the introduction of new fruit plants into the industrial horticulture that combines high productivity and fruit quality, enriches the assortment of food products and improves the components of rational alimentation. Methods. Field studies of the persimmon species, cultivar and form collection, hybridization and station testing of hybrid seedlings have been conducted in the orchards of State Enterprise Experimental Facility “Novokakhovska” of Institute of Rice of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (Kherson region). In vitro seed germination of and two-year hybrid persimmon seedlings growth has been carried out in the Department of Genetics, Breeding and Reproductive Biology of Plants of the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The rest of the experiments and data statistical analysis have been done using generally accepted methods in breeding. Results. Advantages of D virginiana L. in hybridization with D. kaki Thunb. to increase the persimmon adaptability to unfavorable wintering factors have been confirmed in the extreme temperature conditions of the winters of 2005–2006 and 2011–2012. In the hybrid progeny from free pollination of the ‘Kolhospnytsia’ cultivar with the American persimmon D. virginiana in the genealogy, a new cultivar ‘Dar Sofiyivky’ has been selected. It combines increased winter hardiness with good fruit quality, early fruit production and early ripeness. In 2019, the cultivar ‘Dar Sofiyivky’ has been included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine. In vitro technologies have been used in the tissue culture laboratory of the “Sofiyivka” Dendrological Park for germination of interspecific hybrids seeds, which have insufficient germination in the field. A initial hybrid seedling has been obtained, from which the ‘Dar Sofiyivky’ genealogy is derived. Conclusions. Horticultural plant breeding, in particular persimmons (Diospyros spp.), in areas with ecologically different contrasting conditions within the framework of a single program to increase the adaptability of plants and the quality of fruits is promoted to accelerate breeding and expand the northern border cultivation of thermophilic fruit crops.

EVALUATION OF SALT AND HEAVY METAL STRESS FOR SEEDLING TRAITS IN WHEAT

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop of the world. It is one of the staple foods for major portion of world population. There are various biotic and abiotic factors responsible for low production of wheat in our country. Among these factors, soil salinity is major problem playing an important role in soil degradation, thus consequently reducing wheat production and quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various salinity and heavy metal levels against three wheat cultivars fir salinity resistance. Three different varieties of wheat were screened against the salinity under controlled conditions in the laboratory of tissue culture, University of Lahore. Seeds of three wheat varieties (Anaj-2006, Faisalabad-2008 and Inqalab-91) were sown in seedling trays. NaCl and CuSO4 were applied as salinity and heavy metal treatment upon wheat cultivars. In order to evaluate, hazardous effects of salinity and heavy metal on wheat certain growth parameters were observed i.e. leaf length and width, leaf area, stem and root length, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root, root shoot length ratio and photometry of leaf, stem and root was measured. Results depicts salinity and heavy metal application has negative correlation with growth parameters of wheat particularly combine application of NaCl and CuSo4 have led to impose major detrimental effects on wheat cultivars. Regarding varietal comparison, “Anaj-2006” proved to be comparatively better in context of less salt’s residual accumulation in leaf, stem and roots along with lower root to shoot length ratio thus exhibiting a strong genetic potential to keep surviving and maintain healthy growth. However, it was concluded that salinity and heavy metal have adversely affected growth and yield potential of “Faisalabad-2008”. So conclusively, there is dare need to screen out indigenous and exotic wheat germplasm available throughout the country for finding some suitable genetic resources having moderate to high resistance levels against salinity and heavy metal which can be further used for breeding purpose in varietal improvement program.

Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma terhadap Pertumbuhan Stek Tunas Apikal dan Aksilar Kopi Arabika

<p><em>The Arabica coffee is predominantly self-pollinated plants thereby contributing to low genetic diversity. The effort to increase the genetic diversity of Arabica coffee through crossing strategy is time-consuming, and induce mutation is necessary to enhance the rate of genetic variation. The aims of this study were to observe the effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the growth of apical and axillary bud cuttings and to determine the value of LD<sub>50</sub> on apical cuttings and Arabica coffee axillaries. The study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, from January to December in 2018.. The planting material that was irradiated was Arabica coffee plantlets resulting from somatic embryogenesis propagation. Irradiation is carried out at the National Nuclear Energy Agency. The irradiated plantlets were cut and subcultured onto MS medium without growth regulators, 30 g L<sup>-1</sup> sucrose, and 2.5 g L<sup>-1</sup> phytagel were added. The design used a completely randomized design with 10 replications. The treatments tested were the dose of gamma-ray irradiation (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy). The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation had an effect on all observed parameters. The mortality percentage of apical shoot cuttings began to be found at 30 Gy, while axillary cuttings at 20 Gy increased with an increasing dose of gamma-ray irradiation. The number of shoots and leaves varied between irradiation doses on both apical and axillary cuttings. The LD50 value of apical shoot cuttings was 36.80 Gy, while axillary cuttings were 22.24 Gy</em></p>

Effect of Cytokines On The In Vitro of Sweet Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix Dc)

Sweet kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix Dc), also called "Boh Kruet Mameh" is one of Aceh's local plants, which is currently very difficult to obtain. Sweet kaffir lime is not like the ordinary kaffir lime, which tastes sour. The fruit of sweet kaffir lime has a larger size than the regular kaffir lime, sweet and sour taste, aromatic and fresh, which can be consumed as a fruit table. The problem of developing the propagation technique of sweet kaffir lime plants is the seeds' condition, which are conventionally difficult to germinate and limited in number, making it difficult to get a high-quality seed. Thus, to overcome these problems, suitable solutions to plant propagation techniques should be sought. As for the right plant propagation technique is tissue culture technology or in vitro propagation technique. This research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Malikussaleh University. The research was conducted from February to April 2018. This research used a single randomized complete design (CRD) with ten replications. The treatment is a combination of the basic media, which consists of MS0 (MS media without BAP) and MS1 (MS + BAP 4 ppm). The result showed that the adduction of 4 ppm BAP in MS media influenced the in vitro sweet kaffir lime seeds' growth. Sweet kaffir lime seeds that were given 4 ppm BAP grew buds faster with more percentage of shoot growth, the number of shoots, and a number of leaves than the seeds without BAP adduction.

Callus Production Protocol for Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.: As a Tool for Extraction of Secondary Metabolites

Background: Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. is an important medicinal and a fruit tree belongs to the family Rutaceae possessing numerous valuable secondary metabolites. The growing commercial importance for secondary metabolites has led to a great demand in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. Therefore, an efficient callus production protocol was developed as a tool for extracting valuable secondary metabolites from Aegle marmelos.Methods: For seeds, callus induction was observed under three conditions as with seed coat, after removing seed coat and split into two halves after removing seed coat. For callus multiplication, 1cm2 pieces of initiated calli were used. These explants were established in MS medium supplemented with combinations of 2, 4 D either with BAP or Kinetin. All experiments were arranged according to the completely randomized design (CRD) with 20 replicates at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, for a period of 1 year. Percentage of fungal and bacterial contaminations and percentage of bleached explants were observed to select the best explant/s. Percentage of responded explants were observed to select the best condition for callus induction and quality of callus. Growth of callus was observed visually by giving a score. Best hormonal combination for callus multiplication was observed as fresh weight and dry weight of callus produced under each treatment.Result: High quality callus with higher growth was observed in all combinations of BAP and 2, 4 D tested: ranging from 0.5 mgL-1 to 1.5 mgL-1 BAP and 1.0 mgL-1 to 2.0 mgL-1 2,4 D in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Initiated calli were further multiplied in MS medium supplemented with 2,4 D combined with either BAP or Kinetin. Highest amount of callus biomass was recorded in the MS medium with 0.5 mgL-1 2, 4 D and 1.0 mgL-1 Kinetin (132.58 gL-1 fresh weight). The optimized protocol could be used to produce higher amount of callus in order to extract secondary metabolites from Aegle marmelos (L).

Effect of Plant Gowth Regulator on The Gowth of Zygotic Embryos in Three Types of Oil Palm Fruit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Tissue Culture

Surahman H, Sulaksono G, Sembiring Z, Kurnianingsih A, Priadi DP, Asmono D. 2020. Effect of plant gowth regulator on the gowth of zygotic embryos in three types of oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in tissue culture. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(2): 149-159.Embryo culture is a widely used and effective way of overcoming the dormancy nature of seeds in oil palm. At the germination stage, the influence of gowth regulators play an important role although in relatively lower concentrations in the germination media. This aim research determined the effect of adding various concentrations of gowth regulator on the three types of oil palm fruit based on the thickness of the shell. This research carried out at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of PT. Sampoerna Ago Tbk. from September 2018 to January 2019. The gowth regulator substances used in this study were NAA, BAP and GA3. The composition of the gowth regulators used were H1 = 0.05 mg/L NAA + 0.1 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L GA3, H2 = 0.05 mg/L NAA + 0.3 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L GA3, H3 = 0.05 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L GA3 and H4 = No gowth regulator. While the types of oil palm fruit used were C1 = Dura, C2 = Tenera and C3 = Pisifera. This research used a factorial complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that in general the use of gowth regulator substances H1 = 0.05 mg/L NAA + 0.1 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L GA3 and the type of dura fruit showed positive results based on viability, scoring, survival and height of plantlets when compared with other treatments.

Effective isolation distance for prevention of cassava virus infections in Uganda

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) are the major viral diseases of cassava in Uganda. Although isolation distance of “50 m” has been recommended by MAAIF in Uganda for prevention of virus infections in crops, the minimum isolation distance has not been verified for effectiveness in cassava. This study assessed the effective isolation distance for management of viral diseases in cassava. Virus-clean cassava cultivars (NASE 03, NASE 14 and NAROCASS 1) from farmers’ fields were used as field sourced (FS) planting materials. Tissue culture (TC) material of the same cultivars were sourced from the National Crops Resources Research Institute and Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute tissue culture laboratories. Both FS and TC materials were tested at isolation distances of 50, 100, 150 and 250 m for virus prevention. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design and was run for 12 months after planting (MAP). Mean CBSD/CMD prevalence significantly varied (P<0.05) among isolation distances in both FS and TC plants, and the 250 m isolation distance was the most effective in reducing disease prevalence. Across cultivars and planting material category at 12 MAP, the 50 m isolation distance had the highest foliar incidence for CBSD (29.2%) and CMD (16.1%); while severity for CBSD was 1.4 and 1.2 for CMD. At 250 m, all FS and TC plants had CBSD/CMD severity of 1.0 and 0% incidence. These results show that 250 m isolation distance can provide an option to disseminate popular, but CBSD/CMD susceptible cassava cultivars thereby manage CBSD/CMD.

Effective isolation distance for prevention of cassava virus infections in Uganda

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) are the major viral diseases of cassava in Uganda. Although isolation distance of “50 m” has been recommended by MAAIF in Uganda for prevention of virus infections in crops, the minimum isolation distance has not been verified for effectiveness in cassava. This study assessed the effective isolation distance for management of viral diseases in cassava. Virus-clean cassava cultivars (NASE 03, NASE 14 and NAROCASS 1) from farmers’ fields were used as field sourced (FS) planting materials. Tissue culture (TC) material of the same cultivars were sourced from the National Crops Resources Research Institute and Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute tissue culture laboratories. Both FS and TC materials were tested at isolation distances of 50, 100, 150 and 250 m for virus prevention. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design and was run for 12 months after planting (MAP). Mean CBSD/CMD prevalence significantly varied (P&lt;0.05) among isolation distances in both FS and TC plants, and the 250 m isolation distance was the most effective in reducing disease prevalence. Across cultivars and planting material category at 12 MAP, the 50 m isolation distance had the highest foliar incidence for CBSD (29.2%) and CMD (16.1%); while severity for CBSD was 1.4 and 1.2 for CMD. At 250 m, all FS and TC plants had CBSD/CMD severity of 1.0 and 0% incidence. These results show that 250 m isolation distance can provide an option to disseminate popular, but CBSD/CMD susceptible cassava cultivars thereby manage CBSD/CMD.&#x0D;

Screening of Indonesian rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes against salinity stress using NaCl under hydroponic condition

The development of rice in saline soils was constrained by the limited number of genotypes suitable to be developed in the area and also the lack of germplasm as a gene donor for saline soil tolerant properties. The study aims to select rice genotypes that are tolerant of salinity stress at the level of germination and hydroponic production. The research on the level of germination carried out at the University of Hasanuddin Tissue Culture Laboratory and the level of production carried out at the Screen House in Tamalanrea District, Makassar. Trials were set using a split plot design with NaCl concentration set as the main plot and rice genotypes as the subplots. Four NaCl were used in the germination trial 0, 3, 6, and 9 g L−1, while NaCl concentration used in the production trial were 0 g L−1 and 6 g L−1. A total of 25 rice genotypes was tested. The results show that genotypes that were tolerant to salinity stress at the germination test with the concentration of 6 g L−1 NaCl were Inpari 43, Limboto, Inpago 10, IR 58443-6B-10-3, Inpari 35, Inpari 4, MSP 8 and Cigeulis. Whereas the rice genotype with the potential to be tolerant to salinity stress, indicated with production of > 15 g per plant at the 6 g L−1 NaCl concentration, were Inpari 35 (21.53 g per plant), Inpari 43 (20.24 g per plant), Pokali (19.39 g per plant), and IR 58443-6B-10-3 (18.87 g per plant).

Impact of Kinetin and Benzyladenine on Growth Performance of Croton in Vitro

This study was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory, Faculty of Agric., Saba Basha, Alex. Univ. to fined reliable protocol for in vitro propagation of Croton (Codiaeum variegatun L.) during the period from 2019 to 2020 was developed. Moreover, nodal explants were used during in vitro culture study for indication of multiple shoots and inoculated on various media with different combinations of NAA as auxin and (BA & KIN) as cytokinin to study compare the effect of the two types of cytokinins on proliferation and development of multiple shoots, and the elongation of the new formed on medium. The best medium for multiplication was a medium supplemented with 2.00mg/l KIN and (0.50 or 1.00) mg/l NAA. Furthermore, the in vitro shoots showed healthy root development when the tested medium was supplemented with combination of 1.00mg/l KIN and NAA each, in turn. The new formed shoot plantlets (rooted plants) were acclimization ex vitro successfully. The survival rate of the ex vitro grown plants was 95%.

MORFOGENESIS EKSPLAN TUNAS EUCALYPTUS PELLITA F. MUELL SECARA IN VITRO PADA MEDIA MURASHIGE AND SKOOG DENGAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH BENZIL AMINO PURIN

Eucalyptus pellita is fast growing species and have many advantages such as: pulp and paper industry raw material, building construction, charcoal, and medicine. The research was carried out to study plant morphogenesis from shoot explant of E. pellita F. Muell by in vitro technique. The experiment was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty of Mulawarman University from March until June, 2016.Single factor experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 10 replications. The factor was BAP concentrations (B) consisted of 1.00 mg BAP L-1 (b1); 2.00 mg BAP L-1 (b2); 3.00 mg BAP L-1 (b3); and 4,00 mg BAP L-1 (b4). The explants was innoculated on MS medium supplemented with BAP according to the treatments. Data analyzed by analysis of variance (anova) and continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with level 5%. Results of the experiment showed that the BAP concentrations can promote shoot formation of E. pellita. Statistical analysis indicated that the effect of BAP concentrations significantly difference on number of shoots at 8 weeks after innoculation (WAI), shoot length, and number of leaves at 4; 6; and 8 WAI, however it’s no significantly difference on shoot formation time and number of shoots at 4 and 6 WAI. The highest number of shoots, shoot length, and number of leaves achieved by 4,00 mg BAP L-1.

Optimization of Alocasia amazonica proliferation through in-vitro culture technique

Excised explants were in-vitro cultured on multiplication medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS). This study was carried away inside the tissue culture lab. Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center. Giza, Egypt through the period from 2015 to 2017, to research some factors affecting in-vitro propagation of the indoor ornamental plant Alocasia amazonica using benzyladenine amino purine (BAP) and Kinetin at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ppm and their interaction.The obtained results indicated that BAP gave the greatest number of shoots, plus the lowest values for shoot length, shoot fresh weight, number regarding roots and total chlorophyll content. Meanwhile, kinetin achieved the highest values for shoot length, shoot fresh weight although it was not necessarily significant. The same was observed in number of leaves, number of roots and total chlorophyll content with no significant difference. MS medium free of hormones demonstrated the greatest number of leaves, number of roots and total chlorophyll content, and the lowest values of number of shoots and shoot length.Using cytokinn at 1 ppm gave the highest shoot length and number of leaves; and the second position for number of shoot and roots. As for 2 ppm of cytokinin application, it gave the greatest values of shoot length, number of leaves and shoot fresh weight, despite the last one was not significant. this concentration got also the other position for number of shoots, 3 ppm had the greatest number of shoots, and the lowest shoot length, number of roots and shoot fresh weight and 4 ppm occupied the second grade concerning number of shoots, and the lowest grades for shoot length, shoot fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots and total chlorophyll.Regarding the interaction between cytokinin type and concentration found that, the control treatment (Free MS) gave the highest number of leaves. Using BAP at 2 or 3 ppm attained the highest number of shoots. Using Kin at 1 or 2 ppm attained the highest shoots length. Also, Using Kin at 2 ppm attained the highest fresh weight. The application of Kin at 1 ppm was connected with the highest value of number of leaves. The development of roots showed great values on free medium of BAP and Kin as well as medium supplemented with Kin at 1 and 2 ppm. Whereas, root did not demonstrate any presence at higher concentrations of BAP of 2, 3 and 4 ppm. It is usually recommended to use the MS medium supplemented with BAP at 3 ppm which often gave the highest number of shoots. However, the highest values for shoot length, shoot fresh weight and number of roots were recorded on particularly on MS medium supplemented with Kin at 2 ppm.

Early Performances of Topaz Gen-1 Tenera Clones in Clonal Trials and Commercial Plots in Indonesia

Asian Agri’s oil palm research station’s (OPRS-Topaz) breeding programme involves the complementary development of both seedling and clonal planting materials. From 2010-2018, a total of 18 clonal trials and 890 hectares of commercial clonal plots were established in two provinces (North Sumatra, Riau) and on three major soil types (volcanic, inland, peat). This paper reports on the early performances of the clones in the latter sites. Comparatively, elite clones only achieved 82 per cent and 85 per cent of their ortet fresh fruit bunch (FFB) and crude palm oil (CPO) yields, respectively. Analysis undertaken in five of the oldest mineral soil trials indicated either a negative or very low positive correlation between clone and ortet FFB yield, but correlations of oil to bunch (O/B) and annual height increment (Hi) were positive and highly significant, confirming the better heritability of the latter two parameters and their suitability as criteria for ortet selection. In clonal trials, the highest yields were obtained on inland soils in Riau province, with elite clones recording average peak FFB and CPO yields of 45.1 tonnes per hectare and 11.6 tonnes per hectare, respectively. Slightly lower yields were attained on volcanic soils (36.2 tonnes FFB/ha; 9.9 tonnes CPO/ha) and on deep peat (32.6 tonnes FFB/ha; 8.5 tonnes CPO/ha) in North Sumatra. However, as the latter two sites contained some younger trials, they may have yet to achieve their maximum potential. O/B values also differed for the same clones planted on three different soil types. On average, oil content of clones planted on peat was approximately 3 percentage points lower than their counterparts planted on either inland or volcanic soils. In all nine trials which included DxP seedling controls, the top five clones recorded higher CPO yield over their seedling controls by 7-47 per cent. However, these results should be interpreted with caution as all the DxP seedling controls belonged to the same generation as the clones. Their true yield superiority can only be ascertained when evaluated against the latest improved Topaz Series 4 DxP crosses. Nevertheless, nine clones showed good potential for commercial scale propagation, having high CPO yield (9.5 tonnes/ha), O/B (32 %) and good adaptability and consistency in performance over a wide range of sites. Performances of untested clones (directly planted in commercial plots without evaluation in clonal trials) followed the same trend as in clonal trials. Highest yields were recorded on inland soils (39.4 tonnes FFB/ha), followed by volcanic (30.8-36.0 tonnes FFB/ha) and peat soils (27.1-29.8 tonnes FFB/ha). Likewise, as some of the latter commercial plantings were only 5-6 years of age, it is likely that their peak yields have yet to be attained. Census conducted from 2014 to 2016 indicated a low incidence of palms with mantled fruit, averaging 3.3 per cent in clonal trials and only 0.3 per cent in commercial plantings. Such acceptable to low abnormality levels are a reflection of the good quality control practices adopted by AA’s tissue culture laboratory. Keywords: Clones, height increment, oil to bunch, oil palm, tissue culture.

Effect of Ferrous Iron Stress to West Sumatera Paddy Rice (Oryza nivara) Growth on Nutrient Culture Media

Aims: The research aimed to study the response of West Sumatera brown rice growth on nutrient culture media.&#x0D; Study Design: Factorial design with 2 factors in completely randomized design.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Laboratory of Seed Technology and Shade net house, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia from May to July 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: Factorial design with 2 factors in completely randomized design was used in the research. The first factor was brown rice genotypes (Talang Babungo, Sigambiri, Pido Manggih, Labuh Baru, Balingka, Situjuah, Banuhampu, Pulen Talao, Ladang Talamao and Sikarujuik. The second factor was FeSo2 concentrations (0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm). The data was analysed using F test 5% and continued by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) 5%.&#x0D; Results: The result showed that there was interaction between brown rice genotypes and Fe concentrations to plant height and root dry weight in early growth stage. According the stress sensitivity index, Sigambiri and Ladang Talamao were the tolerant genotypes to high Fe stress and Talang Babungo and Banuhampu were moderately tolerant genotype in high concentration of Fe stress.&#x0D; Conclusion: High Fe concentration affected the brown rice growth. This result can be a consideration to cultivate brown rice in high iron content land.

Response of Some Cameroonian Cocoyam Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott. Cultivars/ Landraces to Tissue Culture Techniques

Aims: This study was aimed at exploring tissue culture technique as a tool for mass propagation of some Cameroonian cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) cultivars/landraces (red, yellow and white skin colour).&#x0D; Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three treatments in four replications.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui, Cameroon, in the first half of 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: Explants were gotten from three Cameroonian cocoyam landraces (red, white and yellow skin colour). Shoot tips were excised and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 30 g of sucrose, 5ml of ascorbic acid, 4ml of 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP 1mg/l), 1 ml indole-3- acetic acid (IAA 1 mg/l) and 6 g of agar at pH of 5.8±0.1 for shoot initiation and proliferation. Data was collected after 4 weeks (number dead, number rooted, number of roots, number of buds) and 12 weeks (number of leaves, shoot length, number contaminated) of initiation.&#x0D; Results: All the landraces responded positively to the growth media since none died. The number of explant rooted did not vary significantly (p &gt; .05). The highest number of roots and buds were from the white cultivar, followed by the red cultivar. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p = .05) in most of the parameters measured except for number rooted. Highest numbers of leaves and shoot length were recorded from the red cultivar, followed by the yellow and white cultivars. However, the white cultivar (4.2) was more susceptible to pathogen than the yellow (3.5) and red (2.67) cultivar (F = 19.13, df = 2, 8, p &lt; .001.&#x0D; Conclusion: Cameroonian cocoyam cultivars responded positively as far as growth parameters are concern on growth media. It is recommended that the three cocoyam cultivars be followed from growth media to the field and evaluate their growth and yield parameters.

Determining the effect of bioregulators on in-vitro rooting of Carica papaya L. through shoot tip and inflorescences

Papaya is a highly heterozygous fruit crop, therefore there is a need for multiplication of plant through Tissue Culture for bearing fruits in almost all the plants. Keeping these facts in view the multiplication of Papaya Carica papaya L. cv. Pusa Delicious through Tissue Culture were studied in the Tissue Culture Lab of the Department of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, (U.P.) during the year 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted in two way factorial design with 10 treatments comprising 5 levels of NAA (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 ppm) and 5 levels of IBA (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 ppm) replicated thrice. The different concentrations of Auxins alone are applied. The effect of these treatment was observed among the different concentration of the bio-regulators, In case of rooting of explants, the effect of IBA and NAA was studied with the half dose of CHU (N6) media, NAA 3 ppm was most effective in terms of root induction in explant which induced the root just in 11.66 days. IBA 1 ppm was best in inducing maximum number of roots. Hence based on the result obtained from the investigation it can be concluded that the NAA 3 ppm is the best for early rooting and IBA 1 ppm is ideal for obtaining maximum numbers of root in CHU (N6) media for Papaya (Carica papaya L.) tissue culture.

PEMILIHAN TEKNIK STERILISASI BENIH DAN MEDIA YANG TEPAT UNTUK MIKROPROPAGASI JATI MUNA (Tectona grandis L.)

The existence of the muna teak ( Tectona grandis L.) , is currently threatened with extinction, so a muna teak replanting program is needed. Micropropagation techniques can be one solution for the supply of high quality seed ling s. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimum sterilization technique to get the sterilize explants of muna teak and to get the suitable media for in vitro multiplication. The study was conducted in a tissue culture laboratory of the Forest Tree Seed Technology Research and Development Centre in Bogor. This study consisted of two stages and the experimental design used was a completely randomized design. The first phase of the study was the treatment of sterilization techniques consisted of soaking explants in various concentration of clorox solution and t he second stage of the study was the treatment of multiplication media. The results showed that the proper sterilization technique to obtain sterilize explants of m una teak seedlings was immersed in 20% chlorox solution for 10 minutes, then immersed in 15% of chlorox for 15 minutes. The best medium for the induction stage and multiplication of Muna teak buds which are modified media plus Benzyl Amino Purine ( BAP ) hormone as much as 0.1 mg .l -1

Evaluation of Some Morphological Criteria to Drought Tolerance on Seedling of Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG6000)

Background: Bambara groundnut has the ability to drought tolerance and has high nutritional value and is one than Legume crops untapped, which need attention. Therefore in this research, it will look at the relationship between osmotic stress caused by a concentration of PEG and drought tolerance to get some genotypes has ability drought tolerance. Methods: The experiment was conducted in the Tissue culture Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia in January-March 2019. The objective of the experiment was an evaluation of some morphological criteria to drought tolerance on the seedling for thirty genotypes of Bambara groundnut using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 by three concentrations (0%, 5% and 10%). A complete randomized design was used for this experiment with three replicates. Result: The 10% PEG was the most suitable concentration to select Bambara groundnut lines for drought tolerance. Genotypes give different responses to concentrations of PEG. In susceptible lines, there are germination constraints, such as Prevent and germination delayed, the formation of hypocotyl length, root length, fresh weight and dry matter, while drought-tolerant lines can germinate normally. Obtained six lines that were tolerant to drought, five local, namely BBL 1.1, PWBG 5.2.1, PWBG 6, SS 2.4.2, SS 3.4.2 and one from Thailand which is Tvsu 86.

Different Polarity Extracts of Polygonum minus towards Cytotoxic Activities against Colon Cancer Cell Lines (HT-29, HCT-116, CT-26)

Aims: To investigate the cytotoxic properties of different polarity solvents of Polygonum minus extracts towards colon cancer cell lines, HT-29, HCT-116 and CT-26.&#x0D; Study Design: Experimental study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Central Laboratory, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu between September 2019 until December 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: The different polarity solvents of P. minus extracts had been led to tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay and an inhibition concentration of 50 (IC50) value for their cytotoxic potential against colon cancer cells. Then, cell morphology observation and fluorescence double staining of treatment cells were determined using a light inverted microscope and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining.&#x0D; Results: The results indicated that an extraction yields aligned from 0.01% for acetone and ethyl acetate to 0.45% for aqueous solution with decreasing order of aqueous solution &gt; 70% aqueous ethanol &gt; 50% aqueous ethanol &gt; methanol &gt; ethanol &gt; acetone and ethyl acetate. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate extract showed a higher cytotoxic effect at IC50 values of 7.00 ± 0.06 µg/mL and 7.00 ± 0.30 µg/mL towards the HCT-116 and CT-26 cells; and 50% aqueous ethanol towards HT-29 cells (24.00 ± 0.01 µg/mL). The different solvent extracts of P. minus induced cytotoxic effects on the treated cell lines by altering their normal cell morphology and cell membrane integrity (except for acetone extract).&#x0D; Conclusion: Therefore, the use of different polarity solvent extracts of P. minus as an anti-cancer agent is promising more on ethyl acetate and warrants further investigation.