Synchronization Time Research Articles

The application of big data technology in online subject education innovation research

This paper applies big data technology to promote the innovative development of online subject education and improve students' self-learning efficiency to promote innovative management interaction in the education industry. In the design process, big data technology is used to mine and analyze massive educational data, combine the learning needs of online subjects, and provide technical support for six application levels of the online subject education system. Document transformation of education data is performed through the DCF mechanism, and the synchronization time slot is divided into a safe time slot and a reservation time slot. Then, the adaptive recommendation function is used to extract valuable information from behavioral data for personalized learning resource pushing. To verify the practical application effect of big data technology in the online subject education innovation system, the simulation analysis results show that after applying big data technology, the recommended resources preference of the education system is above 86%, the subject coverage rate is 90.48%, and the performance of test scores is improved by 17.5% relative to Class C. This shows that big data technology optimizes the application mode of online subject education and can provide students with better-quality educational resources.

Communication-efficient ADMM-based distributed algorithms for sparse training

In large-scale distributed machine learning (DML), the synchronization efficiency of the distributed algorithm becomes a critical factor that affects the training time of machine learning models as the computing scale increases. To address this challenge, we propose a novel algorithm called Grouped Sparse AllReduce based on the 2D-Torus topology (2D-TGSA), which enables constant transmission traffic that does not change with the number of workers. Our experimental results demonstrate that 2D-TGSA outperforms several benchmark algorithms in terms of synchronization efficiency. Moreover, we integrate the general form consistent ADMM with 2D-TGSA to develop a distributed algorithm (2D-TGSA-ADMM) that exhibits excellent scalability and can effectively handle large-scale distributed optimization problems. Furthermore, we enhance 2D-TGSA-ADMM by adopting the resilient adaptive penalty parameter approach, resulting in a new algorithm called 2D-TGSA-TPADMM. Our experiments on training the logistic regression model with ℓ1-norm on the Tianhe-2 supercomputing platform demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the synchronization time and training time compared to state-of-the-art methods.

A cybernetic participatory approach for policy system of systems mapping: Case study of inclusive economies

Traditional participatory systems modelling demands synchronous time from many experts and face-to-face interaction. This is not always feasible (e.g., during a pandemic) and can restrict which participants can be included. There are additional limitations in the effectiveness of physical paper-based modelling when handling large complex systems with numerous variables and links between them. The key challenge facing practitioners is then how can we retain the benefits of traditional participatory modelling whilst exploiting the advantages of new technologies? This paper contributes to development of an original systematic methodology inspired by Cybernetic principles. The proposed method, referred to as 5X – standing for Expose, Explore, Exploit, Explain, and Expand – offers a fully virtual co-produced environment for iterative cycles of stakeholder engagement and feedback before, during and after workshops, leading to developing more confidence in systems mapping, and promoting knowledge across policy areas. A primary application of the proposed method in a real policy setting illustrates its capability to generate a shared policy understanding of a complex inclusive economy system, where there is conflicting or dispersed knowledge about system structure, refine this understanding through online feedback channels and dynamic visualisations, and transfer this understanding to wider policy and academic partners.

Encryption algorithm based on fractional order chaotic system combined with adaptive predefined time synchronization

An image encryption and decryption method of fractional order chaotic systems (FOCS) with predefined time synchronization is proposed in this article. Compared with the existing integer order chaotic systems (IOCS), fractional order chaotic systems has the advantage of increasing the complexity of the ciphertext. At the same time, by using the predefined synchronization time, the key space is expanded, the complexity of the key is increased, and the security of the algorithm is improved. To further improve the security of encryption and decryption process, this article uses a combination of DNA encoding, row/column cyclic shift and XOR diffusion, position scrambling and Arnold scrambling. The simulation tests of image encryption and decryption are carried out, and the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed encryption/decryption method are verified by histogram analysis, correlation analysis, entropy analysis, key sensitivity analysis and plaintext sensitivity analysis.

A Model of Time Representation in the Nineteenth Century: The Spaces for Written Culture in <em>Diary of a tour in Sweden, Norway and Russia, in 1827 with letters</em> by Lady Elizabeth Mary Grosvenor, Marchioness of Westminster

This article aims to rebuild, from a specific case such as the analysis of the Diary of a tour in Sweden, Norway and Russia, in 1827 with letters by Lady Elizabeth Mary Grosvenor, the way in which a social group belonging to the nineteenth century, the nobility, offered in written form, in our case the formula of the diary with interspersed letters, one of the basic dimensions of its exis- tence as a society: the time, its social organization and the different facets in which that time has been recorded in writing. Thus, by intervening the axis of time, and based on various documentary sources, we will review visits to educational institutions; entertainment and leisure linked to theatre and music; sending and receiving correspondence; the acquisition of books and writing supports and the synchronous time in relation to Genealogy and History reflected on the pages of this diary. All this from the methodological perspective of the studies of Social History of the Written Culture in connection with Gender studies.

Finite-Time Synchronization and Energy Consumption Prediction for Multilayer Fractional-Order Networks

The finite-time synchronization (FTS) of the prediction of the synchronization time and energy consumption is discussed for multilayer fractional-order networks (MFONs). First of all, according to fractional-order calculus properties, a sufficient criterion is obtained to guarantee the FTS for MFONs. Second, the bound on synchronization time and energy consumption prediction are obtained. Furthermore, the effect of the system order on energy consumption for MFONs is revealed. An example of a three-layer fractional network is given to illustrate the validity of results obtained in the end.

Finite-Time Synchronization of Neural Networks With Infinite Discrete Time-Varying Delays and Discontinuous Activations.

This article investigates finite-time synchronization of neural networks (NNs) with infinite discrete time-varying delays and discontinuous activations (DDNNs). By virtue of theory of differential inclusions, comparison strategies, and inequality techniques, finite-time synchronization of the underlying DDNNs can be developed via a discontinuous state feedback control law, and the synchronous settling time can be estimated. The delayed state feedback controller and finite-time stability theorem are not employed during the analysis. As a special case, finite-time synchronization of NNs with bounded delays and discontinuous activations is given. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the validity of the theories.

P19: Modeling the Effects of Heartbeat Synchronized Speed Modulation for a Pediatric LVAD

Study: Increasing the pulsatility of combined LVAD and heart output can be done by modulating the speed of the pump driver in synchrony with the heart rhythm. Increased pulsatility is closer to the physiological norm, lessens blood stagnation, and improves baroreceptor feedback for pressure regulation. This study is a first step to model the systemic response to pump speed modulation to develop the precise synchronization timing and controls for an optimized outcome and to analyze the results. Methods: A previously validated computational model of a mock circulatory loop is used as a platform to observe the hemodynamic effects of synchronized pump speed modulation on the heart. A model of a brushless DC motor used to drive the pediatric LVAD is established using the speed, torque, and inertia constants of the manufacturer specification sheet to represent the motor’s ability to change speed. The pressure and flow HQ curve of the LVAD impeller is used to calculate the pump output flow at different pressures and impeller speeds. The flow of the set speed LVAD is 3L/min, and the flow of the speed modulated LVAD varies between 1 L/min and 5 L/min at diastole and systole respectively. A PID controller is used to control the pump speed to reach the desired flow output. Results: The modulated LVAD flow results in larger changes in aortic pressure. The speed modulated LVAD had an aortic pressure difference of 20 mmHg between the minimum diastole and maximum systole values while the set speed LVAD had a difference of 7 mmHg. The set speed LVAD and the speed modulated LVAD had similar average aortic pressure values of 93mmHg and 91mmHg respectively. The changes in aortic pressure at systole and diastole resulting from the speed modulated flow show that synchronized motor speed modulation results in physiologic conditions closer to the norm.Figure 1. Overview of the Mock Circulatory Loop model and LVAD motor speed controller.Figure 2. Left Ventricular and Aortic Pressure with a set speed LVAD and a speed modulated LVAD.

(061) The State of Female Sexual Medicine in a Major US City: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Mmedical Education in Chicagoland

Abstract Introduction Sexual health is a critical aspect of overall health and well-being. While research shows that roughly one-third of patients in the United States (US) have sexual dysfunction, only half of US medical schools require formal sexual health instruction. With limited standardization, medical students and trainees have little to no training in how to approach a patient with sexual health concerns. This results in under-preparedness among physicians in addressing essential issues related to female sexual medicine (FSM). Therefore, we identified the need to determine which components of FSM are included in medical education. Objective This study examines current preclinical and clinical curricula from medical institutions in the Chicagoland area to evaluate the extent to which FSM is being included in medical education in this major US city. Methods Preclinical curriculum materials on female sexual anatomy, physiology, and pathology, as well as Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) clinical materials (i.e., syllabi, synchronous lecture materials, and supplemental resources) were collected from all seven medical schools, including six allopathic and one osteopathic institution, in the Chicagoland area. To standardize our needs assessment, we utilized previous literature to identify specific components of medical school content to evaluate. Upon reviewing each institution's educational materials, we assessed goals of each syllabus in terms of required content and evaluated materials for topic saturation. Results Curriculum materials were collected from seven (n=7) medical schools. In the preclinical assessment, 4/7 discussed clitoral anatomy, with 1/7 mentioning the corona, 2/7 mentioning the clitoral hood, and 4/7 mentioning the corpus spongiosum. In addition, 4/7 discussed the physiology of the female orgasm, 3/7 highlighted the prevalence and epidemiology of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), 3/7 included information on treatment for FSD, and 1/7 taught a genitourinary physical exam specific to assessing FSD. When assessing clinical materials, 5/7 institutions dedicate 6 weeks to the core OBGYN clerkship. When comparing the aims specified in the clerkship syllabi, 5/7 institutions included topics related to FSM. Of these, only one institution had corresponding required synchronous clerkship time dedicated to these topics as a one-hour long lecture. One other program offered supplemental case-based gynecology modules including topics such as vulvar and vaginal diseases and chronic pelvic pain, though sexual pleasure, arousal, and libido were not discussed. Furthermore, only one program offered training to third-year clinical students in comprehensive sexual history taking practices, including screening for female sexual dysfunction. The format for this was an optional online module for students to complete independently. Conclusions Our focused needs assessment of both allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the Chicagoland area reveals inconsistencies in outlined institution-specific course goals and thus highlights the need for restructuring the medical school curricula to include topics related to FSM. Future directions of this work will include proposing curricular recommendations to these institutions with the goal of standardizing and enhancing medical student exposure to FSM topics. FSM is a critical domain that requires consistent representation in medical education to equip physicians to recognize and treat patients with sexual dysfunction. Disclosure No

(355) Sexually Speaking: How are Medical School Clinical Curricula Preparing Future Physicians?

Abstract Introduction Sexual health is an essential component of overall health and wellness. It has been demonstrated that roughly one-third of patients in the United States have sexual dysfunction defined as persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response, desire, orgasm, or pain that cause distress. Currently, only half of United States medical schools require formal sexual health instruction, which contributes to the under-preparedness physicians experience in addressing essential issues related to female sexual medicine (FSM). Previous work from our group revealed a need for restructuring pre-clinical medical school curricula as they pertain to FSM and female sexual dysfunction. Thus, a comprehensive education in medical schools’ clinical curricula covering FSM, including standardized screening for sexual dysfunction, assumes an important role. Objective This study focuses on educational content within the obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) core clerkships of medical schools to determine if and how FSM is taught to third-year medical students as they interact with patients. Methods OBGYN clerkship syllabi, synchronous lecture materials, and supplemental resources were collected from four medical schools, including three allopathic and one osteopathic institution, in the surrounding Chicago, Illinois area. To standardize our clinical curriculum needs assessment, we limited content review to lectures and resources provided directly from the institution to students during their OBGYN rotation. Upon review of each institution’s clerkship materials, we assessed the goals set forth in each syllabus in terms of lecture or online learning content required for completion by rotating students. Results Clerkship curriculum materials were collected from four (n=4) medical schools. Three of the four institutions dedicate 6 weeks to the core OBGYN clerkship, while one dedicates only 4 weeks. When comparing the specific aims and course content outlines in the rotation syllabi, 3 out of 4 institutions included topics on FSM or female sexual dysfunction. Of these, only one institution had corresponding synchronous clerkship time dedicated to these topics as a one-hour-long required lecture for students. Furthermore, only one program offered training to third-year clinical students in comprehensive sexual history-taking practices, including screening for female sexual dysfunction. The format in which this was fulfilled was through a recommended online module for interested students to complete independently. Conclusions Our focused needs assessment of both allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the Chicagoland area reveals inconsistencies in the outlined institution-specific goals of their OBGYN clinical rotation and the content that was available and required for students to complete. A single one-hour lecture was included at only one institution specifically dedicated to the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of female sexual dysfunction. This same school was the only of the four to offer any training in screening for female sexual dysfunction, and this was not required, only recommended. Future work includes emphasizing FSM as crucial a domain for medical students to gain proficiency and confidence during clerkships, particularly in a didactic setting that can be utilized clinically on the wards. Disclosure No

Антропологические материалы из погребальных комплексов сарматского времени (могильник Вонючка-1, Кавказские Минеральные Воды)

Introduction. Most of the burial mounds of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region combine the burials of representatives of different archaeological cultures separated by thousands of years. Therefore, the rate of accumulation of monocultural synchronous materials in collections for some epochs is quite low, and slows down even more due to the unequal preservation of bone remains. The introduction of new information into scientific circulation based on the results of recent archaeological work will allow faster accumulation of materials and data exchange between researchers working on the same issue. The purpose of this work is to publish morphological features of the skeleton of individuals belonging to the Sarmatian culture of the Pre-Caucasus. Materials and methods. The skeletons of three individuals, from three burials of one mound, dating from the III-I centuries BC and belonging to the nomads of the early Sarmatian time were investigated. The study used both traditional methods of anthropology and bioarchaeological approaches. Sex and age studies were carried out on all preserved parts of the skeleton according to standard anthropological methods. A program for fixing markers of stress and pathological conditions was applied to all the studied individuals. Results. Skeletal remains of two young women and a mature man were studied. Both women had anomalies in the development of teeth: in one case – underdevelopment of enamel, in the other – partial congenital adentia. A set of specific features on the postcranial skeleton of a man allow us to characterize him as a rider, right-handed. Discussion. The results of the study supplement our knowledge about the variability of morphological features of the skeleton of representatives of the nomads of the early Sarmatian culture. Some of the detected signs have a pronounced genetic determination; however, the data obtained is insufficient to identify kinship ties, despite the fact that according to the interpretation of archaeologists, this group of burials is defined as a generic cemetery created during the lifetime of one generation. All the discovered features of the skeleton find analogies among the published materials of synchronous time. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Security of Neural Network-Based Key Agreement Protocol for Smart Grids

Recent developments in quantum computing pose a significant threat to the asymmetric cryptography currently in use. Neural cryptography offers a potential alternative that is resistant to attacks of known quantum computer algorithms. The considered solution is lightweight and computationally efficient. If a quantum computer algorithm were successfully implemented, it could expose IoT sensors and smart grid components to a wide range of attack vectors. Given the lightweight nature of neural cryptography and the potential risks, neural cryptography could have potential applications in both IoT sensors and smart grid systems. This paper evaluates one of the suggested enhancements: the use of integer-valued input vectors that accelerate the synchronization of the Tree Parity Machine. This enhancement introduces a new parameter M that indicates the minimum and maximum values of input vector elements. This study evaluates the nonbinary version of the mutual learning algorithm in a simulated insecure environment. The results indicate that, while the Nonbinary Tree Parity Machine may involve some trade-offs between security and synchronization time, the speed improvement is more substantial than the decrease in security. The impact of this enhancement is particularly significant for smaller adjustments to parameter M.

New fixed-time synchronization results for discontinuous dynamic networks: A novel two-stage analysis approach

This paper concerns the issue of fixed-time synchronization (FXTS) for complex networks composed of dynamical nodes with discontinuous dynamics, abbreviated as discontinuous dynamic networks, under the concept of Filippov solution. In terms of [Formula: see text]-norm and [Formula: see text]-norm, two types of simple control schemes without the linear feedback part are, respectively, designed to compel the considered discontinuous dynamic network to fixed-timely synchronize with a desired trajectory. By utilizing a novel two-stage analysis approach, some new FXTS criteria are derived. Compared with the existing research works, the established theoretical results not only are more relaxed, but also improve the estimation accuracy of synchronous settling time. Finally, the validity of the analytical results is verified via numerical simulations.

Fixed/predefined-time synchronization on complex networks in the light of T-S fuzzy system

This research studies the realization of fixed-time synchronization and predefined-time synchronization over complex networks in the light of T-S fuzzy system by employing ameliorating control strategies. Firstly, different from the previous results, some novel results of considered system are acquired to ensure fixed-time synchronization and predefined-time synchronization. Secondly, some more relaxed conditions are acquired for fixed-time synchronization, besides, several exacter settling time estimates are obtained by using some specific functions. Thirdly, via special control schemes, the synchronization based on predefined-time method is studied, whose synchronization time can be set up in advance according to actual needs. It is worth noting that synchronization time is not only irrelevant to the system parameters but also independent of the initial states. Particularly, the necessary conditions of fixed-time and predefined-time synchronization on T-S fuzzy complex networks are obtained. Lastly, the improved fixed-time and predefined-time synchronization results are confirmed by a numerical simulation.

Stability and Finite-Time Synchronization Analysis for Recurrent Neural Networks with Improved Integral-Type Time-Varying Delays

This paper studies the stability criterion of integral time-varying recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with zero lower bound and finite-time synchronization based on improved sliding mode control (SMC). Firstly, a sufficient criterion for universal asymptotic stability of RNNs with integral time-varying delays is obtained by estimating a tight upper bound of augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) derivative with inequality scaling technique and mutually convex combined inequality. Secondly, in order to eliminate the time that error system state trajectory slides along sliding mode flow pattern until convergence at the origin, based on drive response and SMC theory, a suitable sliding mode controller is designed by considering that sliding mode flow pattern is equal to synchronization error. Finally, maximum allowable upper bound of delay under different delay derivatives are obtained by considering trajectory change of input function under different initial value. Synchronization trajectory of drive and response systems with mismatched parameters and activation functions under the influence of controller are studied, and synchronization time which is required for error system to reach stability is obtained. Simulation results show that the introduction of integral delay can be more comprehensive from both difference and area, so that drive system state is eventually steady at equilibrium point and synchronized with response system. Stability criterion of this paper not only has less conservative and computation complexity but also has shorter synchronization control time.

OPTIMAL SIGNAL-CODE CONSTRUCTIONS FOR INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF 5G AND 6G MOBILE INFOCOMMUNICATION RADIO SYSTEMS

The article discusses methods of increasing the efficiency of information communication radio systems of mobile communication, which includes increasing spectral efficiency and energy efficiency when used for telecommunication radio equipment. A comparison of block error coefficient values for f-OFDM, W-OFDM and OFDM methods with mixed numerology of uplink and downlink subscriber channels of access to information resources of the telecommunications network was made. As a result of the study of compression methods using several carriers, the dominant compression method for mobile communication systems, in particular, the CP-OFDM method due to its high efficiency of spectrum use, scalability and flexibility due to the introduction of a cyclic prefix, has been determined. It is proved that the CP-OFDM compression method is free from the Doppler range shift problem, thus the range and Doppler shift estimations can be considered as independent tasks in CP-OFDM. In addition, CP-OFDM parameters such as carrier distance, guard interval size, frame length, and pilot shape can be tailored to optimize the performance and robustness of detection and data transmission. However, such advantages are based on perfect synchronization (time and frequency) between the transmitter and receiver – although perfect synchronization may not be possible, especially for bistatic scanning, where the transmitter and receiver of the scan signal are not adjacent. In this case, the cyclic prefix may not provide any advantage for quality scanning, and multiple unprefixed waveforms may be considered. The main disadvantage of rejecting the prefix is the difficulty of data detection (due to intersymbol interference), which must be eliminated. Another important challenge for scanning, where energy efficiency is extremely important, is the large PAPR of multi-carrier (prefixed or unprefixed) signals. Single-carrier compression methods, which are based on the expansion of the code area of common radar signals and communication, in which the radar characteristics are affected by sequence autocorrelation, have been studied. However, the long spreading code, which leads to good autocorrelation, reduces the spectrum utilization efficiency for communication systems. In this case, the estimation of the Doppler effect is not trivial and requires more complex algorithms. The justification of the choice of the signal modulation scheme in 5/6G radio systems has been made.

Complex Dynamic Analysis, Circuit Design and Simplified Predefined Time Synchronization for a Jerk Absolute Memristor Chaotic System

In this parper, a 4D absolute memristor Jerk chaotic system is proposed. Firstly, complex dynamics are studied by phase diagram, Poincaré section, power spectrum, bifurcation diagram, 0-1 test, and Lyapunov exponent spectrum. Then, the period doubling bifurcation, degradation, and offset boosting are revealed. For the feasibility of practical application, the analog circuit and FPGA digital circuit are designed. Finally, a simplified predefined time synchronization scheme is proposed; comparing with the full control input synchronization scheme, the simplified predefined time synchronization scheme can not only reduce the controller inputs but also predefine the synchronization time.

Predefined Time Synchronization of Multi-Agent Systems: A Passivity Based Analysis.

This paper deals with the predefined-time synchronization for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems. The notion of passivity is exploited to design the controller for predefined-time synchronization of a nonlinear multi-agent system, where the time of synchronization can be preassigned. Developed control can be used to synchronize large-scale, higher-order multi-agent systems as passivity is an important property in designing control for complex control systems, where the control inputs and outputs are considered in determining the stability of the system in contrast to other approaches, such as state-based Control We introduced the notion of predefined-time passivity and as an application of the exposed stability analysis, static and adaptive predefined-time control algorithms are designed to study the average consensus problem for nonlinear leaderless multiagent systems in predefined-time. We provide a detailed mathematical analysis of the proposed protocol, including convergence proof and stability analysis. We discussed the tracking problem for a single agent, and designed state feedback and adaptive state feedback control scheme to make tracking error predefined-time passive and then showed that in the absence of external input, tracking error reduces to zero in predefined-time. Furthermore, we extended this concept for a nonlinear multi-agent system and designed state feedback and adaptive state feedback control scheme which ensure synchronization of all the agents in predefined-time. To further strengthen the idea, we applied our control scheme to a nonlinear multi-agent system by taking the example of Chua's circuit. Finally, we compared the result of our developed predefined-time synchronization framework with finite-time synchronization scheme available in literature for the Kuramoto model.

A novel convex relaxation technique on affine transformed sampled-data control issue for fuzzy semi-Markov jump systems

This article investigates affine transformed sampled-data control problems for fuzzy semi-Markov jump systems (FSMJSs). First of all, in the novel fuzzy sampled-data control, an affine transformed membership function is introduced, which contributes to constructing the synchronous time scale grades of membership without any constraint condition. Then, by utilizing a mode-dependent Lyapunov function with the looped functions, a sufficient condition concerning the asymptotical stability of the closed-loop FSMJSs is established in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Meanwhile, to solve parameterized LMI (PLMI), a novel convex relaxation technique is proposed, based on which less conservatism stabilization criteria of FSMJSs, and a maximum sampling interval with respect to sampled-data control are further derived. Finally, two examples are carried out to manifest numerically the validity of the raised method.

Fault-tolerant fixed/preassigned-time synchronization control of uncertain singularly perturbed complex networks with time-varying delay and stochastic disturbances

This paper focuses on the fixed-time (FXT) and preassigned-time (PAT) synchronization of uncertain singularly perturbed complex networks (SPCNs) with time-varying delay and stochastic disturbances. Firstly, the fault-tolerant quantized state feedback control strategy for the SPCNs systems to reach PAT and FXT synchronization is considered for the first time. Besides, by adopting suitable Lyapunov functional with parameter ɛ, with an approach of comparison system and mathematical techniques, the FXT synchronization criteria can be obtained. Next, the PAT synchronization can also be derived, which the synchronization time will be pre-designed based on the actual case. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the obtained results.