Thermal Peak Research Articles

Thermal stress damage effect of matrix modified CFRP subjected to lightning

Aiming at the carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) of poor electrical conductivity which will lead to thermal stress damage due to intense Joule effect under lightning strikes, electro-thermal-structure coupling models of CFRP lightning strikes were established. By analyzing the thermal strain, thermal stress and status of the modified and unmodified CFRP, their thermal expansion characteristics were compared. Compared with the unmodified CFRP, the thermal strain peak value of the modified CFRP is respectively increased by 36.33%, 53.92%, 66.62%, and the thermal stress peak value of them is respectively reduced by 22.63%, 26.53%, and 9.45% in the absence of dielectric breakdown. But in the breakdown state, both specimens appear complete delamination damage, the protective effect of matrix modification becomes invalid. The thermal stress damage is found having little effect on the damage morphology of the specimens after lightning strikes by comparing their CT images.

CENTRALIZED TREATMENT OF WASTE THROUGH COMPOSTING: INFLUENCE OF THE C/N RATIO AND BULKING AGENT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of composting municipal solid waste and agro-waste and the effects of initial C/N ratios of 35/1, 28/1 and 25/1 using 0%, 18% and 28% recalcitrant bulking agent during the composting process and in the final compost. Parameters such as thermal and exothermic profile, losses of organic matter and nitrogen, pH, electrical conductivity and C/N ratio were evaluated during the composting process. The quality of the organic compost was evaluated through the germination test and Brazilian normative instructions. The losses of organic matter were adjusted to a first order kinetic equation and the cluster analysis was applied to assess the similarity between the piles. Temperatures necessary for the elimination of pathogens were reached in all piles. The duration of the thermophilic phase doubled (49 days) in a pile with the initial C/N ratio of 35/1 without recalcitrant bulking agent. In the piles with initial C/N ratios of 28/1 and 25/1 and the addition of 18% and 28% recalcitrant bulking agent, thermal peaks (68 to 72 C) were achieved more quickly (4 to 5 days) and the degradation of organic matter was more intense (0.071 to 0.173 d-1). The organic composts obtained did not present phytotoxicity (germination index > 90%). Composting proved to be viable for the treatment of solid waste in a centralized way and the C/N ratio of 25/1 combined with 28% recalcitrant bulking agent ensured more significant degradation and better quality of the compost.

Distribution and intensity of High-Temperature Low-Pressure metamorphism across the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt: constraints on the thermal record of the pre-orogenic hyperextension rifting

Whereas a straightforward link between crustal thinning and geothermal gradients during rifting is now well established, the thermal structure of sedimentary basins within hyperextended domains remains poorly documented. For this purpose, we investigate the spatial distribution of rift-related High-Temperature Low-Pressure (HT/LP) metamorphism recorded in the preserved hyperextended rift basins inverted and integrated in the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt. Based on Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro) data measured in 169 boreholes and more than 200 peak-metamorphic temperatures (Tmax) data obtained by Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material (RSCM) added to ∼425 previously publishedTmaxdata, we propose a new map depicting the spatial distribution of the HT/LPmetamorphism of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt. We also provide three regional-scale geological cross-sections associated with RoandTmaxdata to constrain the distribution of paleo-isograds at depth. Based on these results, we show that the impact of rift-related metamorphism is restricted to the pre- and syn-rift sequence suggested by the depth profiles of Rovalues measured in different tectonostratigraphic intervals (pre-, syn- and post-rift and syn-convergence sediments). However, a small strip of early orogenic sediments (Santonian in age) appears also affected by high temperatures along the North Pyrenean Frontal Thrust and above the Grand Rieu ridge, which we attribute to the percolation of hot hydrothermal fluids sourced from the dehydration of underthrust basement and/or sedimentary rocks at depth during the early orogenic stage. The map shows that the HT/LPmetamorphism (reaching ∼500 °C) is recorded with similar intensity along the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt from the west in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin to the east in the Boucheville and Bas-Agly basins, for similar burial and rift-related structural settings. This thermal peak is also recorded underneath the northern border of the Mauléon Basin (calibrated by wells). It suggests that the high temperatures were recorded at the basement-sediment interface underneath the most distal part of the hyperextended domain. At basin-scale, we observe in the Basque-Cantabrian, Mauléon-Arzacq and Tarascon rift segments an asymmetry of the thermal structure revealed by different horizontal thermal gradients, supporting an asymmetry of the former hyperextended rift system. Using our results, we compare the Pyrénées to the Alps that also recorded hyperextension but no HT/LPmetamorphic event and suggest that the high-temperature record within the basins depends on high sedimentation rate promoting a thermal blanketing effect and circulation of hydrothermal fluids.

Влияние облучения протонами и ионами высоких энергий на структуру и свойства композитных ВТСП-2 лент

The paper considers the effect of radiation defects caused by irradiation with protons (2.5 MeV), heavy ions 132Xe27+ (167, 80, 40 MeV), 86Kr17+(107 MeV), 40Ar8+(48 MeV), on the critical parameters of HTSC-2 tapes based on compounds YBa2Cu3O7 – x and GdBa2Cu3O7 – x. The results of calculations based on the model of the thermal peak of the ion track sizes are presented. The projective ranges of ions and protons in these samples are calculated. The radiation resistance of the studied samples to ion and proton radiation of the indicated energies is determined. The performed studies made it possible to detect, at low fluences of irradiation with heavy ions, an increase in the critical current (Ic), an improvement in the adhesion between the superconducting layer and the substrate, and a decrease in internal stresses in the HTSC layer. At higher values of fluences, the critical current and critical temperature decrease. It is important that the decrease in Ic begins at lower fluences than Tc.

BURNUP CALCULATIONS OF THE JSI TRIGA REACTOR FUEL AND COMPARISON WITH MEASUREMENTS

Fuel burnup of the JSI TRIGA was calculated by simulating complete operational history consisting of 240 different core configurations from 1966 to 2020. At the moment we are unable to perform burnup measurements, e.g. gamma spectroscopy on burned fuel elements, hence we used weekly measured excess reactivity as a reference point of different core configurations to verify the calculated core reactivity. Changes in reactivity due to burnup were assumed to be linear and this assumption was verified for burnup intervals smaller than 3 MWd/kg(HM). The comparison was performed on 46 different core configurations with different type of fuel elements. The Serpent-2 calculations decently predict the rate of reactivity change on different cases, as 52 % of calculations are withing 1σ and 86.9 % within 2σ of the measurements for total number of 46 cases. Additional analysis was performed by comparing unit cell calculations of different fuel types. Four different types of TRIGA fuel were used to analyse burnup changes in LEU and HEU fuel, where positive reactivity feedback on burnup was observed for HEU fuel due to burnable absorbers. Serpent-2 and WIMSD-5B were compared on unit-cell basis where good agreement within 200 pcm of reactivity change for large burnup was observed. In addition neutron spectrum changes due to burnup were investigated using unit-cell calculations where 4 % increase of the thermal peak and 1 % decrease of fast peak of the spectrum was observed for typical fuel burnups of 20 MWd/kg(HM), which approximately represents JSI TRIGA burnup at this moment.

A DC-Biased Scanning Induction Thermographic System for Characterizing Surface Cracks in Ferromagnetic Components

Detecting surface cracks in ferromagnetic components during the manufacturing process is of critical importance to guarantee high-quality production. Scanning induction thermography (SIT) can be used to dynamically scan components and identify such cracks. However, in testing ferromagnetic components, the capability of SIT to characterize crack depths and orientations is limited under certain operating conditions, such as cracks parallel to the coil, quick detection via early heating. To address these problems, this article proposes the use of a DC-biased scanning induction thermographic system, which relies on the effective permeability variation in physics and a thermal data reconstruction procedure in image processing. Specifically, the thermal peak is used to characterize crack depths, and the average of thermal contrast and a morphology-based method are introduced to characterize crack orientations. Results show that the proposed system can effectively characterize crack depths up to 6.0 mm and orientations varying from 0° to 90°.

Numerical Analysis of Temperature Fields and Thermal Stress Fields in Heating Process of Large-Diameter Seamless Steel Pipe Blanks

Abstract In the piercing process of large-diameter seamless steel pipe blanks after heating, severe lateral cracks easily occur on the surface of pierced pipe blanks owing to the effects of the large temperature difference and thermal stress during the heating phase, influencing the finished product ratio and the safety and stability of use. Therefore, obtaining pipe blanks with uniform temperature distributions and low thermal stress peaks is the basis for the quality assurance of seamless pipes. In this paper, a study was conducted with large-diameter TP321 seamless pipe blanks with an example. The heating process of the pipe blank was investigated from two perspectives, temperature fields and thermal stress fields. Moreover, the effects of heating rate, initial furnace temperature, and hot-charging temperature were quantitatively analyzed. It was found that the peaks of the temperature difference and thermal stress both occurred at the early stage of heating. The temperature field and thermal stress distribution of the pipe blank gradually changed during heating. At the initial stage of heating, the temperature at the outer diameter edge was the highest, and the maximum thermal stress zones were concentrated on the inner hole edge and external surface. At the late stage of heating, the highest temperature zone and the maximum thermal stress zone were both focused on the inner hole surface. Lower initial furnace temperature and higher hot-charging temperature were more conducive to decreasing the maximum temperature difference and peak thermal stress, while the changes in heating rate had insignificant effects.

Compact Model of Latent Heat Thermal Storage for Its Integration in Multi-Energy Systems

Nowadays, flexibility through energy storage constitutes a key feature for the optimal management of energy systems. Concerning thermal energy, Latent Heat Thermal Storage (LHTS) units are characterized by a significantly higher energy density with respect to sensible storage systems. For this reason, they represent an interesting solution where limited space is available. Nevertheless, their market development is limited by engineering issues and, most importantly, by scarce knowledge about LHTS integration in existing energy systems. This study presents a new modeling approach to quickly characterize the dynamic behavior of an LHTS unit. The thermal power released or absorbed by a LHTS module is expressed only as a function of the current and the initial state of charge. The proposed model allows simulating even partial charge and discharge processes. Results are fairly accurate when compared to a 2D finite volume model, although the computational effort is considerably lower. Summarizing, the proposed model could be used to investigate optimal LHTS control strategies at the system level. In this paper, two relevant case studies are presented: (a) the reduction of the morning thermal power peak in District Heating systems; and (b) the optimal energy supply schedule in multi-energy systems.

Study on energy release characteristics of reactive material casings under explosive loading

Reactive Materials (RMs), a new material with structural and energy release characteristics under shock-induced chemical reactions, are promising in extensive applications in national defense and military fields. They can increase the lethality of warheads due to their dual functionality. This paper focuses on the energy release characteristics of RM casings prepared by alloy melting and casting process under explosive loading. Explosion experiments of RM and conventional 2A12 aluminum alloy casings were conducted in free field to capture the explosive fireballs, temperature distribution, peak overpressure of the air shock wave and the fracture morphology of fragments of reactive material (RM) warhead casings by using high-speed camera, infrared thermal imager temperature and peak overpressure testing and scanning electron microscope. Results showed that an increase of both the fireball temperature and air shock wave were observed in all RM casings compared to conventional 2A12 aluminum ally casings. The RM casings can improve the peak overpressure of the air shock wave under explosion loading, though the results are different with different charge ratios. According to the energy release characteristics of the RM, increasing the thickness of RM casings will increase the peak overpressure of the near-field air shock wave, while reducing the thickness will increase the peak overpressure of the far-field air shock wave.

Investigation of the Laser Radiation Focusing Effect on the Sensitivity of Analysis of the Hydrogen Isotope Content in Plasma-Deposited Layers by Laser-Induced Desorption

The efficiency of the laser-induced desorption method as a detector of hydrogen isotopes under pulsed laser irradiation (wavelength 1064 nm, 100 mJ, duration 10 ns) for different power densities of incident radiation on deuterium-saturated thin titanium films was investigated. When the power flow density increases by 16 times, the intensity of the thermal desorption peak increases by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Long-term repeated irradiation of the surface does not lead to significant depletion of the content of hydrogen isotopes in the studied layers, allowing their further ex-situ analysis.

Relationship between meat quality and intramuscular collagen characteristics of muscles from calf-fed, yearling-fed and mature crossbred beef cattle

Intramuscular Ehrlich Chromogen (EC) and pyridinoline (Pyr) concentrations in the gluteus medius (GM) and semitendinosus (ST) from crossbred Angus calf- (n = 14) and yearling-fed (n = 14) steer and mature cow (MC, n = 12) carcasses were related to collagen and intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) thermal stability and peak Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). In both muscles, Pyr density was greater in MC, while EC concentrations were comparable in calf- and yearling-fed steer muscles and lowest in MC muscles. Thermal denaturation temperature and enthalpy of IMCT were highest in both muscles when from MC, although only total collagen was correlated with WBSF in calf fed-yearling fed steer data. Results confirmed that EC concentration contributed to collagen thermal stability in steer muscles, but decreased it in MC muscles, while Pyr was consistently associated with collagen thermal stability.

Reflection of inhomogeneous plane waves at the surface of a thermo-poroelastic medium

SUMMARYWe analyse the reflection coefficient of an inhomogeneous plane wave incident on the thermally insulated surface of a thermo-poroelastic medium. The theory, which includes the classic Lord-Shulman (LS) and Green-Lindsay (GL) theories as well as a generalization of the LS model, predicts three inhomogeneous longitudinal waves and one transverse wave, described by potential functions specified by the propagation direction and inhomogeneity angle. The GL model can give a stronger P1-wave thermal attenuation and consequently a stronger velocity dispersion than the LS model. We investigate the influence of inhomogeneity angle, type of incident wave, frequency and surface boundary conditions. The generalized LS model exhibits increased P1-wave thermal attenuation with increasing Maxwell–Vernotte–Cattaneo relaxation time and consequently predicts more interference energy, irrespective if the surface is open or sealed. The inhomogeneity angle affects the energy partitions particularly near the grazing incidence, with a significant interference energy, which must be taken into account to satisfy the energy conservation. The thermal dispersion occurs at frequencies around the thermal relaxation peak, which moves to low frequencies when the conductivity increases.

Impact of Surface Treatments and Hybrid Flame Retardants on Flammability, and Thermal Performance of Bamboo Paper Composites

ABSTRACT In this article, bamboo nonwoven fabric (BF) is introduced as reinforcement into the vinyl ester (VE) matrix for the manufacturing of BF/VE composites through Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Mold process. Eco-friendly (NaHCO3) and other common treatments (NaOH and Silane) are applied to BF to modify the surface chemistry, thereby improving the mechanical strength (tensile modulus 10(NHTB), 11(NCTB) and 11% (SiTB); flexural modulus 11(NHTB) and 90% (SiTB) and impact strength 23% (SiTB)) and thermal properties. Besides, the three flame retardants (FRs) (chitosan (CS), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and zinc borate) are incorporated with various percentages (3 and 6) for the improvement of flame retardancy of the BF composites and the experiments are proceeded by Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) through the layup method. The nature of pure and modified BF is analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy exhibited the removal of the constituents and formation of reactive sites, etc. The effect of treatment on the thermal and flame retardant properties is analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, horizontal burning test, and microcalorimeter, respectively. The thermal stability, burning rate, and peak heat release rate were significantly changed than that of pure BF composites.

Simultaneous determination of Fe and Zn in dried blood spot by HR-CS GF AAS using solid sampling

Dried Blood Spot (DBS) was evaluated as a solid sampling (SS) strategy for the simultaneous determination of Fe and Zn in blood samples by Solid Sampling High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (SS HR-CS GF AAS). The alternative lines of Fe and Zn at 307.572 and 307.589 nm, respectively, were evaluated. A good correlation between the area of DBS (in mm2) and volume of blood (in µL) was observed up to 200 µL of blood. A 3.4 mm diameter paper disk, equivalent 3.86 ± 0.13 µL, was punched from the DBS and employed for blood analysis. Random sampling through the area of the paper circle produced by 50 μL blood samples showed no chromatographic effects. The upside of the solid sampling 'boat type' graphite platform was coated with a W-based film. This coating allowed around 350 firings. The use of 3 µL of 15% v/v H2O2 solution as chemical modifier improved both the thermal stability and peak profile of Zn for aqueous medium (standard solution deposited onto Whatman paper), possibly because of the weakening of Zn-paper interactions or even by the formation of thermally more stable Zn oxides. Solid standards used for calibration in the 0.1–3.0 µg Fe and 5.0–50.0 ng Zn ranges were prepared with Whatman 903® paper discs impregnated with standard solutions of the analytes. Results for Fe and Zn determined by the proposed SS HR-CS GF AAS method were in agreement at a 95% confidence level (paired t-test) with those obtained by the comparative method (except for one sample) based on microwave-assisted acid digestion of blood and High-Resolution Continuum Source Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HR-CS F AAS). The limits of quantification were 10.2 mg/L (0.04 µg) for Fe and 1.2 mg/L (4.6 ng) for Zn. The relative standard deviation was < 10% (n = 12) for a sample containing 516 mg/L Fe and 8.7 mg/L Zn, and the sample throughput was equivalent to ca. 90 s per measurement.

Transport Coefficients of Air - PMMA Mixtures Thermal Plasmas

The transport coefficients of Air - PMMA mixtures thermal plasmas is important to estimate the performances of cutting of the electrical arc in this gas by a circuit breaker. In this paper, Air - PMMA mixtures thermal plasmas dynamical viscosity, thermal and electrical conductivities coefficients are calculated in a temperature range from 5000K to 30000K. The calculations are made by supposing thermodynamic equilibrium at pressure of 1 bar to 10 bar. The results of the calculations show the influence of the initial proportion of PMMA but also that of the pressure on the mixture plasma transport coefficients. As the efficiency of the breaking of the electric current by the circuit breaker depends closely on the thermal and electrical characteristics of the extinguishing medium, this extinguishing medium should have a high thermal conductivity and an electrical conductivity varying rapidly with temperature. The plasma of the mixture constituted by 80% of air and 20% of PMMA presents at first sight best characteristics for the breaking of electric current. It has the highest thermal conductivity peak among the plasmas of the mixtures studied.

Пики термодесорбции водорода: моделирование и интерпретация

Various models of hydrogen thermal desorption peaks are analyzed. The dynamics model of the volume-averaged concentration with a continuum parameter allows integrally taking into account the degree of dominance of the limiting factors (diffusion and recombination of atoms into molecules during desorption). An analytical criterion for peaks symmetry is proposed in the context of comparison with the method of decomposing the component spectrum into the sum of Gaussian. Modifications of the Kissinger method for estimating the activation energy of desorption in experiments with several heating rates and procedures for solving the inverse problem of parametric identification of a unimodal peak using only one heating rate are presented. A comparative with a diffusion model with dynamic boundary conditions is performed. It is shown that the cause of local peaks can be not only capture with different binding energies but also the dynamics of interaction of bulk and surface processes, change in the surface structure during heating.

Correlation Between the Clinical Severity, Bacterial Load, and Inflammatory Reaction in Children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia.

Given the lack of defining features in the clinical manifestations and radiographic findings for children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has become a useful diagnostic method. This study was performed to explore the relationship between the qPCR findings, clinical symptoms, and inflammatory markers in children with MPP. Four hundred children with MPP have been enrolled in this retrospective analysis. All clinical and analytical information, including mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) PCR results, has been collected. Based on the PCR results, the patients were divided into groups with load values (copy number) < 105 (54 cases), ≥105 and <106 (71 cases), ≥106 and <107 (112 cases), ≥107 and ≤108 (114 cases), and >108 (49 cases). The clinical features (including symptoms and signs) and inflammatory indicators were compared among the groups. The incidence of high fever (above 39°C), thermal peak during the entire hospitalization period, fever duration, days of hospitalization, and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were statistically correlated with the MP PCR load value in children with MPP. The analysis of relevance degree showed the correlative order as a thermal peak of hospitalization > duration of fever > period of hospitalization > LDH value > C-reactive protein value. The host immune response was significantly greater in the complication group than in the non-complication group.

Microstructural Characteristics and Impact Fracture Behaviors of a Novel High-Strength Low-Carbon Bainitic Steel with Different Reheated Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zones

To obtain the correlation of microstructural characteristics and toughness in a novel high-strength low-carbon bainitic structural steel with medium and heavy plate after multipass welding, a welding thermal simulation experiment was conducted to simulate different subregions in the reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zones (CGHAZ). The microstructure evolution was then analyzed and factors that influence the fracture behavior were studied. The results show that the brittle zone appeared in subcritical reheated CGHAZ, and the fractured morphology was cleavage fracture. Supercritical reheated CGHAZ had the highest impact toughness, and the fractured morphology was primarily the ductile fracture with dimples formed via the micropore polycondensation mechanism. With an increase in the secondary pass welding thermal cycle peak temperature (tp2), the average length size of martensite and austenite (M-A) decreased from 9 to 2 μm. The coarsening of M-A constituents was the main reason for decrease in the crack initiation absorbed energy. A large number of retained austenite and cementite precipitates in subcritical reheated CGHAZ clearly worsened the impact toughness, and the massive austenite and cementite precipitates more than offset the beneficial effects of high-angle boundaries. This phenomenon led to disappearance of the effect of high-angle grain boundary of prior austenite and lath bainite on arresting crack propagation. In supercritical reheated CGHAZ, crack propagation absorbed energy was increased because of grain refinement, fine precipitates, lamellar residual austenite at corners, and high-angle grain boundary.

Multi sensor based strategies for accurate prediction of friction stir welding of polycarbonate sheets

High performance thermoplastic is often used in automotive and aerospace sectors. Friction stir welding (FSW) has been a suitable method for joining these thermoplastic materials. However, the process characteristics vary dynamically, even at same parametric conditions due to process disturbances. While quite a few studies have been reported in experimental investigation, the usage of sensors for the process monitoring during welding has not been explored. Therefore, the present paper focuses on various sensor-based approaches on process monitoring. The study includes an in-depth experimental investigation for joining of polycarbonate sheets using full factorial design of experiments. Three different tool pin profiles like cylindrical, square and triangular have been selected, whereas tool rotational speed and traverse speed are considered as primary process variables. Various statistical time domain features of the force and torque signals starting from average, its deviation and root mean square as well as thermal cycle based weld peak temperature and its cooling rate were found to have a strong correlation with weld bead profile. The axial force and thermal cycles were found to be the major indicators of joint strength efficiency rather than torque as per regression models developed by using response surface methodology. Finally, an attempt has been made for improving the joint strength predictability by using various sensor-based approaches. This work can be used potentially to real time welding process monitoring in industrial sectors.

Effects of Poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) on the Microstructure, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyester Blends.

In this study, a series of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester (TLCP)-based blends containing 1–30 wt% poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PEGMA) were fabricated by masterbatch-assisted melt-compounding. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a uniformly dispersed microfibrillar structure for the TLCP component in cryogenically-fractured blends, without any phase-separated domains. The FT-IR spectra showed that the carbonyl stretching bands of TLCP/PEGMA blends shifted to higher wavenumbers, suggesting the presence of specific interactions and/or grafting reactions between carboxyl/hydroxyl groups of TLCP and glycidyl methacrylate groups of PEGMA. Accordingly, the melting and crystallization temperatures of the PEGMA component in the blends were greatly lowered compared to the TLCP component. The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of the PEGMA and TLCP components in the blends were characterized as higher than those of neat PEGMA and neat TLCP, respectively. From the rheological data collected at 300 °C, the shear moduli and complex viscosities for the blend with 30 wt% PEGMA were found to be much higher than those of neat PEGMA, which supports the existence of PEGMA-g-TLCP formed during the melt-compounding. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) analyses demonstrated that the storage moduli of the blends decreased slightly with the PEGMA content up to 3 wt%, increased at the PEGMA content of 5 wt%, and decreased again at PEGMA contents above 7 wt%. The maximum storage moduli for the blend with 5 wt% PEGMA are interpreted to be due to the reinforcing effect of PEGMA-g-TLCP copolymers.