Theory Policy Research Articles

THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRADE POLICY THEORIES IN STUDYING THE EXPORT OF TEXTILE PRODUCTS

The article examines the essence of international trade and trade policy theories in order to ensure adaptability to market changes in textile industry enterprises in search of opportunities to increase their export potential.

Legal acts in the theory of constitutional and legal policy

The quality of legal life can be considered as the main criterion for the effectiveness of legal policy. Legal acts are the main form of manifestation of legal life. Today, the theory of legal acts in all its aspects does not lose its theoretical and practical significance. There studied legal acts-documents in the aspect of instrumental theory of constitutional and legal policy, which are the means of forming and implementing the constitutional and legal policy. The main provisions of the theory of legal acts are analyzed in the article: the notion and nature of legal acts, their ratio with closely-related concepts; the notion of legal acts’ system, interaction within the integral complex of doctrinal legal, political-legal, normative legal, law-enforcing, legal-interpretative acts; theoretical and practical significance of the problem. Thus, normative legal acts are the main legal means of forming the legal policy of the state, since they contain legal norms that have a general effect nature, a certain legal force and their implementation is ensured by a system of state guarantees, including means of state coercion. At the same time, the doctrinal legal acts (concepts, strategies, doctrines) and political-legal acts (resolutions, declarations, appeals, statements) are exactly the most important means for the forming the constitutional and legal policy, because the formers are scientifically grounded and encourage the adoption of normative legal acts, and others determine the vectors of development of national constitutional legislation and stipulate the content of normative legal acts and normative legal agreements. The normative legal agreement is a new, somewhat unconventional legal instrument for regulating social relations in the sphere of public law in Ukraine, but which is gradually gaining more importance in the conditions of decentralization of legal regulation that significantly contributes to the development of civil society. Law-enforcement acts, despite their individual and personalized nature, play an important role in the mechanism of implementation of constitutional and legal policy because they are indicators of the quality of legal policy. Legal interpretative acts as a result of normative delegated and doctrinal interpretation play a leading role in the process of implementing the constitutional and legal policy, because they contribute not only to the adequate embodiment of its provisions in life, but also to the formation of the appropriate legal interpretative policy. It is concluded that there needed a systematic approach to the study of the nature of legal acts as legal means of forming and implementing the constitutional and legal policy as a strategic direction of the state’s legal policy, as well as the normative definition of the concept and system of legal acts in a special law. Key words: constitutional and legal policy, legal means, legal act, system of legal acts.

Indonesia’s pro-people foreign policy: the protection of Indonesian women migrant workers in Malaysia in 2022

This study investigates the Indonesian government's strategies to safeguard its informal sector in Malaysia, which has experienced considerable human rights violations and exploitation. Such incidents breach both the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and Law No. 18 of 2017 on the Indonesian migrant workers' protection. Utilizing the pro-people foreign policy theory and the citizen protection concept, this research explores the government's responses to these issues as a protective measure for its citizens. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, data was gathered through library studies. The findings reveal that the Indonesian government, in its bid to protect indonesian women migrant workers in malaysia by 2022, has publicly criticized the Malaysian government, implemented a Moratorium, and pushed for immediate bilateral meetings between the two nations. Hence, the study concludes that these efforts have positively influenced the protection of indonesian women migrant workers in malaysia in 2022

Policy Implementation of Lembah Putri Beach Tourism Development in Putrapinggan Village, Pangandaran Regency

Implementation of the Policy for Development of the Lembah Putri Beach Tourism Object in Putrapinggan Village, Pangandaran Regency. The aim of this research was to find out the implementation of the Policy for Development of the Lembah Putri Beach Tourism Object and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the policy.This study is analyzed using policy theory that focuses on policy implementation from George C. Edward III which consists of communication indicators, resource indicators, disposition indicators, and bureaucratic structure indicators. In this study using a qualitative descriptive method, namely the type of research that seeks to describe the object or subject under study in accordance with what it is. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by interviews, observation, literature study, and documentation. As well as data analysis used using memos, coding, and transcripts. Based on the research results obtained, it can be seen that the Implementation of Policy for Development of the Lembah Putri Tourism Object has not been implemented optimally, there are perceived obstacles such as: There is still a low level of human resources who have knowledge in the field of tourism and do not yet have inter-sectoral functions.

Leverage Analysis, Investment Opportunity Set, and Ownership of Company Value

Purpose: This study examines the effect of leverage, investment opportunity sets, and managerial ownership on firm value with dividend policy as an intervening variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Theoretical framework: The general framework of this research includes two theories on it firstly, Signaling Theory which is an action taken by management to guide investors about how management views the company's prospects in the future (Taleb, 2019), and secondly, Dividend Policy Theory is part of the company's spending decisions, primarily related with the company's internal spending, this is because the size of the dividends distributed will affect the size of retained earnings. Retained earnings are one of the company's internal funding sources (Lumapow & Tumiwa, 2017). Methodology: We use a quantitative approach with a survey approach. The population in this study are all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2018-2020. In this study, the sample was taken using a purposive sampling method. The purposive sampling method limits the selection of sampling based on specific criteria. Findings: This study found a positive and significant relationship between leverage and investment opportunity sets on company value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. Meanwhile, managerial ownership and dividend policy have a positive and insignificant effect on the company's corporate value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. Leverage does not have a significant adverse impact on firm value through dividend policy. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study analyzes and evaluates the Effect of Leverage on Firm Value. That is, companies that have a high level of leverage can increase firm value because investors assume that the value of companies that have high debt are large-scale companies and the influence of dividend policy on substantial value, namely the use of debt, can increase the firm value if the profits are more significant than costs. Used at the time of use of debt. Originality/value: The findings show a positive and significant relationship between leverage and investment opportunity sets on company value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. Influence does not have a significant adverse effect on firm value through dividend policy. Dividend policy cannot mediate the impact of power on solid value.

"Georgia’s Foreign Policy from Geopolitical Perspective" (2008-2022); Evaluation Based on The James Rosenau’s Foreign Policy Theory

After the Georgian-Russian war in August 2008, the Geopolitical equation for Georgia changed. It lost 20% of its territory. Georgia was an attractive destination for the West from the very beginning of the dissolution of the USSR. Since this country had a suitable geography to replace the energy transfer route to the West, it could achieve membership in NATO and the EU as an Eastern European State. Due to its location between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, and its Geopolitical superiority, it could open the region to new regional energy projects such as BTC. However, this territorial disintegration suspended Georgia's membership in NATO and the EU, affecting Georgia's foreign policy. Based on the geopolitical characteristics and Rosenau’s foreign policy, which defines the individual and the role of leaders during each government, their decisions reflect differently on the government and society, so the international system is affected by their policies and affecting to their policies. From this viewpoint, the foreign policy of Georgia is derived from the combination of geopolitical elements and James Rosenau’s foreign policy criteria. This descriptive-analytical research is based on data gathering in the library method and it is going to infer the realistic outcomes of foreign policy goals regards to the geopolitics of Georgia based on its leaders' role.

The Analysis of Sustainable Performance Management of Government Institution in Indonesia: A Public Policy Perspective

This research aimed to understand sustainable performance management that was significant at the ontological and sociological levels. The problem was very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a qualitative research method based on public policy theory. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation related to cases in Indonesia. Data analyzed by using interactive models were data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on the ontological and sociological levels using public policy perspectives for improving sustainable performance management policy and practice. The vision and mission of public policy in managing policy were needed to provide stakeholders with information related to the regulations and sanctions. This result provided inputs to improve regulation on sustainable performance management policy in Indonesia for state agencies as public officials and practitioners.

Implementation of Sustainable Performance Management of Government Institution: A Case Study in Indonesia

This research aimed to understand the implementation of sustainable performance management of government institutions that were significant at the ontological and sociological level. The problem was very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a qualitative research method based on public policy theory. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation related to cases in Indonesia. Data analyzed using interactive models were data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on the ontological and sociological levels using a public policy perspective to improve the implementation of sustainable performance management of government institution policy and practice. The vision and mission of public policy on managing policy are needed to provide stakeholders with information related to the regulations and sanctions. This research results provided inputs for improving regulations on the implementation of sustainable performance management of government institution policy in Indonesia for state agencies as public officials and practitioners.

Research on China's Education Poverty Alleviation Policy

In the new generation, China has implemented the "Socialist Poverty Alleviation" strategy, characterized by Chinese features. In this phase, it is essential to reduce poverty by educating people, and it is also the basis for achieving the goal of reducing poverty. The policy has effectively solved the issue of the prevalence of poverty in low-income families. This study analyzes Chinese poverty-relief policies and reviews the residual shortcomings of implementing these policies. At last, it is recommended that China takes measures to reduce education poverty in China to improve national education and advance social equity. Based on the theory of harm policy, this article proposes several methods and recommendations to enhance the precision, effectiveness, and science of reducing education poverty. For policymakers, it is necessary to recognize the social constructiveness of poverty, pay attention to the reform of school education structure, and create favorable conditions for "poor families to bring out rich children" through the structural reform of the education supply side.

Marketing strategy with marketing mix for Lake Toba tourism destination

Purpose: This study aims to identify effective and targeted policy strategies to improve the quality of Lake Toba. Lake Toba, a popular tourist destination in Indonesia, faces global competition and needs continuous development to maintain its appeal to domestic and international travelers. This study incorporates marketing mix policy theory to guide the design of these strategies. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify effective and targeted policy strategies to improve the quality of Lake Toba, a popular tourist destination in Indonesia. Scope: The scope of this study includes various aspects related to marketing strategy and marketing mix in the context of Lake Toba as a tourist destination. Research Methodology: Qualitative research included field studies, stakeholder interviews, and secondary data analysis. Results: This study provides a comprehensive marketing strategy for the Lake Toba tourism area that encompasses positioning, market analysis, product development, market penetration, and market development. Limitations: The strategy discussed in this study concerns a marketing strategy in which the marketing mix is included. Contributions: The results and recommendations of this study will be valuable for local governments, tourism entrepreneurs, and communities involved in addressing challenges and improving the tourism sector in the Lake Toba area. Novelty: This study explores the development of appropriate marketing strategies to promote Lake Toba as a tourist destination.

Why Should Health Researchers Use Policy Theories? Comment on "Modelling the Health Policy Process: One Size Fits All or Horses for Courses?"

Powell and Mannion suggest that 'health policy process' research should draw more lessons from 'the wider policy process literature.' While health research could continue with sector specific models, the wider literature is 'conceptually stronger.' In that context, I clarify how and why health researchers should use policy theories. I describe a review of the use of policy theories in public health research to show that many researchers use them to not only understand policy-making but also influence policy and policy-making. Most policy theories are not designed for that purpose, but it is still possible to produce practical lessons. I outline the issues that arise when repurposing theory-informed insights, such as that policy change takes a long time, and the scale of policy-making is potentially overwhelming. I then highlight the valuable role of theories in raising dilemmas in relation to modes of governance and evidence production.

Poverty Policy: Between Hope and Reality

This study examines the inherent duality in poverty policy, analyzing the discrepancy between the goals established by policies and the actual outcomes of their execution. The study employs an analytical methodology to examine diverse poverty programs implemented in various countries, emphasizing their accomplishments and shortcomings. The paper begins by providing an overview of the historical development of poverty policy and elucidating how economic and social perspectives have influenced strategies for poverty management. The study subsequently explores the implementation of these rules, encompassing the frequently encountered issues and obstacles. Emphasis is placed on examining case studies that demonstrate effective poverty reduction measures and cases when expectations were not fulfilled. Using data and case studies, the paper examines the crucial aspects that impact the efficacy of poverty initiatives, including the political framework, economic resources, and community participation. In addition, the topic encompasses the influence of technology and innovation on developing more flexible and receptive poverty policies. Ultimately, the study thoroughly examines the interplay between theory and practice in poverty policy. This indicates that a more all-encompassing and inclusive strategy may be required to tackle poverty concerns effectively. Hence, the article's objective is to offer valuable perspectives for policymakers, practitioners, and academics concerned with addressing poverty in a constantly evolving global environment.

Distribution of the impact of monetary and fiscal policy instruments by technological modes and sectors of the economy

The subject of the study is the impact of monetary and fiscal policy instruments on the functioning of the structural elements of the economy, represented by sectors and technological structures. The purpose of the paper is to establish how the monetary and individual fiscal policy instruments influenced the structure of the Russian economy. The methodology consists of the “distributed control” doctrine, which modifies Tinbergen’s principle of “goals-instruments” of macroeconomic policy, since it allows to reveal the unequal power of the instrument by objects of economy, structural and empirical analysis, correlation-regression analysis, with which it is possible to show a picture of the distributed influence of monetary and fiscal policy instruments. A general algorithm of research and application of the doctrine of “distributed management” at the macroeconomic level are developed — by technological structures and economic sectors, which made it possible to obtain a picture of the distribution of the influence of monetary policy on economic objects, to identify the significance of individual fiscal policy instruments. The general result of the research is that the doctrine of “distributed management” used not only modifies the classical theory of economic policy, but also confirms that, in addition to the economic structure, the impact structure of standard monetary and fiscal policy instruments arises. The distribution of the most significant instruments of monetary and fiscal policy by technology and three sectors of the Russian economy to ensure its growth in the period 2011–2021 are obtained. It was found that the development of high-level processing and technological modes were more influenced by monetary than budgetary instruments, and the transfer of resources to the national welfare fund hindered their development. Fiscal policy measures — revenues, expenditures, budget deficit/surplus — did not have an equal impact on the development of the considered sectors of the economy. The prospect of further research is to develop a software module that includes ongoing analysis and automates calculations based on available statistics to change of monetary and fiscal policy measures in Russia aimed at developing the manufacturing sector and high-tech.

Bent Hansen’s theory of fiscal policy

Bent Hansen’s The Economic Theory of Fiscal Policy contains a macroeconomic model, based on optimising agents, to analyse how fiscal policy can be used to secure full employment and a constant value of money. Focus is on the coordination of economic policy. In addition to giving an account of Hansen’s analysis, the choice of model (equilibrium model, inflation model or a Keynesian unemployment model) is discussed. The role of and the modelling of monetary policy is treated, and the possibility of implementing the policy.

Denationalization and the recentring of political authority in multilevel governance

AbstractDifferent streams of political research have pointed to two macro‐phenomena that appear as opposite at first glance: On the one hand, the increasing delegation of competencies to jurisdictions beyond the central government, resulting in the denationalization of political authority. On the other, the passing of reforms that reassert the centre of the nation state through policy integration and administrative coordination. In this article, we argue that these two processes can be analysed under a unified framework in terms of multilevel dynamics, whereby delegation ultimately elicits recentring reforms at the national level. To examine this argument and break down the mechanisms at work, we develop two sets of hypotheses: first, we theorise how the delegation of competencies to international organisations, sub‐national entities and independent agencies can eventually trigger recentring reforms; second, we propose that the capacity to act attributed to these actors also shapes such reforms. Our empirical analysis relies on an original dataset across four policy fields and 13 countries. By using multilevel regression models, we show that especially the delegation of competencies to agencies at the national level as well as the double delegation to European agencies increases the probability that governments pass recentring reforms. Furthermore, if these agencies have a stronger capacity to act, recentring becomes more likely. Our findings contribute to the development of multilevel governance as a dynamic theory of policy making.

Dividend policy and ownership structure of Russian companies: An empirical analysis of the crisis years

Amid various crises plaguing the Russian economy and limited access to global financial markets due to unprecedented sanctions pressure, it is becoming increasingly important to ensure investment activity through internal sources of financing. A well-thought-out dividend policy of Russian public companies, which makes it possible to attract non-speculative resources of resident savers, can play a significant role in this process. The article empirically analyzes the determinants of the companies’ dividend policy with the crisis period specificities considered. Particular attention is paid to the impact made by companies’ com position and ownership structure on dividend payouts. The research methodology is based on dividend policy theory. Among the methods used are univariate analysis of the relationship between Russian companies’ characteristics and the amount of dividends, as well as multivariate analysis using regression models based on panel data. The empirical evidence was data on 1,500 Russian companies with the largest revenue in the non-financial sector in 2012–2021. The test results show that the amount of dividends does not have a statistically significant relationship with the interaction of dummy variables of the ownership structure and crisis years. This can mean that in the crisis period companies identical in terms of this kind of structure do not employ sufficiently homogeneous strategies in the field of dividend payouts. At the same time, dummy variables of state participation and the presence of foreign shareholder are significant in all models. The status of publicly traded company and availability of exchange quotations did not have a significant impact on the dividend payouts of Russian companies. The results obtained as part of the empirical analysis help to frame an effective dividend policy in the crisis years, taking into account possible changes in the com position and structure of ownership, as well as additional financial restrictions associated with limited access to global markets.

Government Policy Regarding Education in Indonesia: Analysis of Competence-Based Curriculum, Educational Unit Level Curriculum, and Curriculum 2013

The curriculum is a government policy in the field of education determined by the government. The curriculum has continued to change according to the times and advances in science and technology. This study uses a qualitative method by producing descriptive data as an observable social reality, namely the educational curriculum. The social reality is then analyzed using public policy theory. This article concludes that the curriculum as a political policy from the Indonesian government in the field of education is a logical consequence of social change and development of science. From 1999 to 2013 there were three changes to the curriculum, namely the Competency-Based Curriculum (KBK), the Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP) and the 2013 Curriculum (K-13). Each curriculum has its own focus and emphasis point. The purpose of the curriculum changes carried out by the government from a theoretical point of view of public policy is oriented towards fulfilling the needs and interests of the community. So that the curriculum can still be adapted to social changes, scientific and technological developments that occur in society in Indonesia and the wider world

Indonesia's Climate Diplomacy under Joko Widodo

Climate change is a significant global concern due to its potential for long-term detrimental impacts on multiple facets of life. However, prevailing viewpoints on climate change often exhibit a bias towards the interests of the global north, disregarding the needs and vulnerabilities of the Global south. This research utilizes qualitative descriptive methods, integrating theories of international relations, climate diplomacy, and Indonesian foreign policy to offer a comprehensive explanation. Indonesia, being highly susceptible to climate change impacts, plays a pivotal role in addressing this disparity. However, previous studies have overlooked the examination of how Indonesia can optimize its climate diplomacy efforts under President Joko Widodo's leadership. Analyzing Indonesia's climate diplomacy endeavors yields valuable insights for the country's contributions to global climate change solutions and addressing its vulnerabilities. This shapes Indonesia's future perspective on international relations, balancing its interests with the imperative for global cooperation. Indonesia's involvement under the leadership of President Joko Widodo in global climate change efforts is pivotal for fostering an equitable and sustainable future.

독과점적 온라인 플랫폼 기업의 지대추구 행위 규제에 관한 전략적 무역정책론적 시사점 연구

독과점적 온라인 플랫폼 기업의 지대추구 행위 규제에 관한 전략적 무역정책론적 시사점 연구

Stakeholder perspectives on promoting health enhancing sport through the Rwanda Sports Policy

ABSTRACT Sport is an adaptable channel for change. It has been widely used to enhance health and wellbeing, foster social cohesion, and engender peace and development in different societies. The government of Rwanda developed a Sports Development Policy (SDP) to advance sports within the spectrum of its development agendas. However, the extent to which health constructs are integrated and implemented within the tenets of this policy remain unexplored, despite their pivotal role in population wellbeing and in contributing to the country’s overarching development goals. This study sought to understand if and how the Rwanda SDP promotes sports for health from the stakeholders’ perspectives. In-depth semi structured interviews were used for thirteen purposively sampled stakeholders of the SDP. Thematic and narrative analysis were used to examine and report the findings. Themes highlighted a progressive awareness of the Sports Policy pertaining to health outcomes, less involvement of stakeholders in sport policy formulation which affected its implementation, disproportionate efforts between sports policies for health, competitive, and mass sports activities. Stakeholders further underscored cultural beliefs, attitudes, and contextual environmental factors as the key constraints to bridge the policy theory and practice of sports. Finally, findings emphasise the integral role stakeholders play in the life course of a policy. Further, the SDP does not primarily promote sports for health, but rather elite sports, on the premise that health benefits are automatically achieved through participation in sports activities. Thus, reinforcements are still needed to clearly define the national physical activity plan either through the SDP or other national physical activity guidelines.