Shape Theory Research Articles

Entering the Classroom through the Archive

ABSTRACTThis review of Rachel Sagner Buurma and Laura Heffernan’s The Teaching Archive: A New History for Literary Study praises the extensive archival research these authors performed to uncover the pivotal role of the classroom in shaping key works and theories of several central figures of literary studies in England and the United States in the twentieth century. Additionally, The Teaching Archive places such central figures as I. A. Richards, T. S. Eliot, and Cleanth Brooks in the context of the work of their colleagues in classrooms down the hall, uncovering the important roles of collaboration, early digital humanities and distant reading projects, and the lasting and often far earlier than previously acknowledged contributions of women and faculty of color. This project to center the classroom in literary studies is one with potentially radical implications for our understanding and assessment of literary scholarship and the traditional teaching/research hierarchy.

Theory of the line shape of the 1S–2S transition for magnetically trapped antihydrogen

The physics that determines the line shape of the 1S–2S transition in magnetically trapped is explored. Besides obtaining an understanding of the line shape, one goal is to replace the dependence on large scale simulations of with a simpler integration over well defined functions. For limiting cases, analytic formulas are obtained. Example calculations are performed to illustrate the limits of simplifying assumptions. We also describe a χ 2 method for choosing experimental parameters that can lead to the most accurate determination of the transition frequency.

Introduction

Introduction

Bifurcation from infinity of the Schrödinger equation via invariant manifolds

This paper is concerned with the bifurcation from infinity of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation −Δu+V(x)u=λu+f(x,u),x∈RN. We treat this problem in the framework of dynamical systems by considering the corresponding parabolic equation on unbounded domains. Firstly, we establish a global invariant manifold for the parabolic equation on RN. Then, we restrict the parabolic equation to this invariant manifold, which generates a system of finite dimension. Finally, we use the Conley index theory and the shape theory of attractors to establish some new results on bifurcations from infinity and multiplicity of solutions of the Schrödinger equation under an appropriate Landesman–Lazer type condition.

On the evolution of a functional approach to memory.

In an analysis of memory systems, Sherry and Schacter (Psychological Review, 94, 439-454, 1987) emphasized the importance of functional and evolutionary considerations for characterizing mechanisms of memory. The present article considers four different yet closely related topics from more recent research in which similar considerations have played a prominent role in shaping both experiment and theory: the seven sins of memory, mechanisms underlying memory misattribution errors, the role of memory in imagining future experiences, and the relation between associative inference and memory errors. These lines of research illustrate the usefulness of attempting to integrate functional and mechanistic considerations, in line with the general approach articulated by Sherry and Schacter.

Vibration-based biomimetic odor classification

Olfaction is not as well-understood as vision or audition, nor technologically addressed. Here, Chemical Graph Theory is shown to connect the vibrational spectrum of an odorant molecule, invoked in the Vibration Theory of Olfaction, to its structure, which is germane to the orthodox Shape Theory. Atomistic simulations yield the Eigen-VAlue (EVA) vibrational pseudo-spectra for 20 odorant molecules grouped into 6 different ‘perceptual’ classes by odour. The EVA is decomposed into peaks corresponding to different types of vibrational modes. A novel secondary pseudo-spectrum, informed by this physical insight—the Peak-Decomposed EVA (PD-EVA)—has been proposed here. Unsupervised Machine Learning (spectral clustering), applied to the PD-EVA, clusters the odours into different ‘physical’ (vibrational) classes that match the ‘perceptual’, and also reveal inherent perceptual subclasses. This establishes a physical basis for vibration-based odour classification, harmonizes the Shape and Vibration theories, and points to vibration-based sensing as a promising path towards a biomimetic electronic nose.

A New Approach for Analyzing Stock Market Stress Based on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2005–2019

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose the use of a novel approach for measuring stresses in capital. Our proposal relies on a framework offered by the statistical theory of shape. We describe a stress function based on the concept of a mean shape determined by representative particles of a capital carrier as well as changes in the amount and structure of stresses in capital, employing, among others, Bookstein’s pair of thin plain spline deformation, and a measurement of shape variability. We propose a robust approach for estimating the stress functional based on the concept of data depth.

STRUCTURAL-PARAMETRIC MODEL OF SECOND-ORDER SURFACES

One of the modern directions for the further development of the applied geometry scientific school of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute is the structural-parametric shaping of various technical objects. Currently, the general theoretical foundations of this methodology and specialized means of its practical implementation are being developed. The results obtained in the design, manufacture and operation of specific industrial products largely depend on their efficiency.
 The created mathematical models serve as the basis for software modules, which become components of the applied computer information systems. In these conditions, the issues of developing the necessary methodological support are also important. From the side of the theory of structural-parametric shaping, requirements are imposed on new geometric means in accordance with the principles of universality and unification, variability, openness and development, a system approach, etc.
 As can be seen from the title of the publication, in our case we are talking about second-order surfaces, which, due to their useful properties, are quite common in many technical objects. Note that the plane is considered a simplified version of these figures. The indicated universality and unification consist in solving a wide range of problems using the same type of methods, techniques, algorithms, etc. Variability is the need to implement for the geometric model of its flexible and productive use, the openness and the development – of easy updating, expansion and improvement its components. The systems approach requires considering the created mean not only as interconnected elements, but also as a part of systems of a higher hierarchical level. The submitted second-order surface model satisfies the rules described above. Its main peculiarity lies in the combination of the vector definition of these items with the structural-parametric methodology. The developed techniques of shaping are suitable for wide practical use during the automated design of various technical objects, the processes of their production and operation.

THEORY OF OBJECTIVE FORMATION IN DESIGN PRODUCTS SEWING VIROBIV

Theory of objective shaping in the design of garments. Modern methods of designing garments are considered. It is determined that the current areas are: particular features of modeling, which take into account the dynamics of dimensional features; methods of two- and three-dimensional design with an attempt to take into account anthropometric features and features of sewing materials. The disadvantages of the subjective approach according to the methods of approximate design are pointed out The new scientific direction of objective shaping in clothing design with the corresponding theory with criterion complex dependences which allow to carry out objective controllability of process of shaping and the forecast of qualitative indicators is proved. An example of shells with pre-deformed and bent section and their criterion dependence is given.

On Stanley-Wilf limit of the pattern 1324

We use the Mansour-Vainshtein theory of kernel shapes [14] to decompose the set Sn(1324) of 1324-avoiding permutations of length n into small pieces that are governed by some kernel shape λ. An enumeration of the set Km,c of all kernel shapes with length m and capacity c allows to express the generating function for the number of 1324-avoiding permutations of length n in terms of the Pm(C(x))=∑c|Km,c+1|Cc(x) where Pm(x) is a polynomial and C(x) is the generating function for the Catalan numbers. This allows us to write down a systematic procedure for finding a lower bound for approximating the Stanley-Wilf limit of the pattern 1324. We use an implementation of this method in the OpenCL framework to compute such a bound explicitly.

관광 홍보 영상 'Feel the Rhythm of Korea'에 나타난 안무 특성

This paper explored choreographic characteristics in tourism promotion film ‘Feel the Rhythm of Korea’ (2020). Drawing on literature reviews and analysis of internet materials, this study discussed characteristics of tourism, image strategy and trends of tourism promotion film; and target, production aim, brand image, promotion concept, and expression direction in the film. Also, this paper analyzed movement structure and quality in the Seoul, Andong, and Jeonju film, drawing on Laban’s Effort and Warren Lamb’s Shape theory, and explored how dances in the film created positive emotional images of tourist areas. This study revealed the importance of dances in the film, finding the intersection of dance studies, film studies and tourism studies.

Intramolecular O-H⋯S hydrogen bonding in threefold symmetry: Line broadening dynamics from ultrafast 2DIR-spectroscopy and ab initio calculations.

The dynamics of intramolecular hydrogen-bonding involving sulfur atoms as acceptors is studied using two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy. The molecular system is a tertiary alcohol whose donating hydroxy group is embedded in a hydrogen-bond potential with torsional C3-symmetry about the carbon-oxygen bond. The linear and 2DIR-spectra recorded in the OH-stretching region of the alcohol can be simulated very well using Kubo's line shape theory based on the cumulant expansion for evaluating the linear and nonlinear optical response functions. The correlation function for OH-stretching frequency fluctuations reveals an ultrafast component decaying with a time constant of 700 fs, which is in line with the apparent decay of the center line slopes averaged over absorption and bleach/emission signals. In addition, a quasi-static inhomogeneity is detected, which prevents the 2DIR line shape to fully homogenize within the observation window of 4 ps. The experimental data were then analyzed in more detail using a full ab initio approach that merges time-dependent structural information from classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with an OH-stretching frequency map derived from density functional theory (DFT). The latter method was also used to obtain a complementary transition dipole map to account for non-Condon effects. The 2DIR-spectra obtained from the MD/DFT method are in good agreement with the experimental data at early waiting delays, thereby corroborating an assignment of the fast decay of the correlation function to the dynamics of hydrogen-bond breakage and formation.

ART AND ACTS OF SEEING IN THE WORK OF JOHN KINSELLA

This essay investigates the development of seeing as an affective, political and potentially transformative practice across the course of John Kinsella’s poetic career. It analyses how seeing becomes a means for Kinsella to apprehend the relationship between self and environment and to consider how local-scale is tied to broader-scale change. At the same time, it traces Kinsella’s concern at the ways in which Western theories of vision shape and reinforce structures of power, particularly in terms of gendered and colonial violence. Moving through and then past ekphrastic debates, I argue that Kinsella considers how poetry and art might, in their own ways, ethically engage with both the human and more-than-human and actively navigate and reflect upon states of connection.

On the anomalous shapes of native copper crystals from the Michigan Copper Country

Abstract. For over a century, the anomalous shapes of Michigan copper crystals from the Michigan Copper Country have been acknowledged. They are well known by mineral collectors and curated in museums from all around the world; still, their particular habits remain enigmatic. These natural crystals do not seem to follow crystal shape theories, based on the internal three-dimensional crystal structure. In this article, we offer a unique perspective on the formation of Michigan copper crystals. Firstly, we review the most common theories of crystal shapes. Then, taking into account the surface reconstructions induced by adsorbed oxygen, detected by ultra-high vacuum techniques, we present evidence of a strong correlation between these oxygen-induced surface reconstructions and the anomalous shapes. Finally, in order to understand why these shapes are not found in copper at other localities, oxygen dosing was performed using NanoSIMS on different natural copper crystals as a preliminary investigation. The higher oxygen content found in the Michigan copper crystal studied compared to others supports the influence of adsorbed oxygen on the anomalous crystal shapes. This result shows which mechanisms could modify crystal shapes and allow the development of strategies to monitor them, due to the presence of oxygen impurities. This new find is of great importance in shape-dependent catalysis, sensor characteristics, or other properties of material such as nanocrystals.

On the swelling properties of pom-pom polymers in dilute solutions. Part 1: Symmetric case

We consider the simplest representative of the class of multiply branched polymer macromolecules, known as a pom-pom structure. The molecule consists of a backbone linear chain terminated by two branching points with functionalities (numbers of side chains) of f1 and f2, respectively. In a symmetrical case, considered in the present study, one has f1 = f2 = f with the total number of chains F = 2f + 1. Whereas rheological behaviour of melts of pom-pom molecules are intensively studied so far, we turn our attention towards conformational properties of such polymers in a regime of dilute solution. The universality concept, originated in the critical phenomena and in scaling properties of polymers, is used in this study. To be able to compare the outcome of the direct polymer renormalization approach with that obtained via dissipative particle dynamics simulations, we concentrated on the universal ratios of the shape characteristics. In this way the differences in the energy and length scales are eliminated and the universal ratios depend only on space dimension, solvent quality and a type of molecular branching. Such universal ratios were evaluated both for a whole molecule and for its individual branches. For some shape properties, theory and simulations are in excellent agreement, for other we found the interval of F where both agree reasonably well. Combination of theoretical and simulation approaches provide thorough quantitative description of the peculiarities of swelling effects and spatial extension of pom-pom molecules and are compared with the known results for simpler molecular topologies.

Teoria segmentacji rynku a emisje amerykańskich kwitów depozytowych. Wyniki badań empirycznych spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie

Przedmiot badań: W dobie zwiększającej się intensywności procesu globalizacji gospodarczej następuje coraz większa integracja rynków kapitałowych. Spółki notowane na giełdach papie­rów wartościowych starają się dotrzeć do jak największej liczby inwestorów, w tym inwestorów zagranicznych. Możliwość taką daje notowanie akcji lub papierów wartościowych opartych na tych akcjach na rynkach poza granicami kraju emitenta. Jednym z instrumentów umożliwiających przepływ kapitału jest emisja kwitów depozytowych. Kwity te mogą oddziaływać na ceny akcji spółek, w oparciu o które są one emitowane.
 Cel badawczy: Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wykazanie, że emisja Amerykańskich Kwitów Depozytowych (ADR), opartych o akcje spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie, w okresie od połowy 2006 r. do połowy 2019 r., spowodowała spadek nadwyżkowych skumulowanych stóp zwrotu tych spółek na rynku pierwotnym.
 Metoda badawcza: Do badania wytypowano 30 spółek, dla których wyemitowane zostały w okresie badawczym amerykańskie kwity depozytowe. Wykorzystując dzienne stopy zwrotu, obliczone na podstawie kursów zamknięcia analizowanych spółek, obejmujące 125 dni, oszaco­wano jednowskaźnikowy model Sharpe’a dla każdej z nich. Następnie wyznaczono nadwyżkowe stopy zwrotu i skumulowane nadwyżkowe stopy zwrotu, przyjmując 25 dni jako okres przed i po zdarzeniu, którym była emisja kwitów.1
 Wyniki: Przeprowadzone badanie potwierdziło założoną hipotezę badawczą o ujemnej zależ­ności pomiędzy okresem emisji kwitów depozytowych a stopami zwrotu akcji. Wyniki takie otrzymano na podstawie całej próby, jak i dla wyodrębnionych podokresów. Skumulowane prze­ciętne nadwyżkowe stopy zwrotu przyjmowały wartości ujemne, przy czym w drugim z wyodrębnionych podokresów osiągały one jeszcze niższe wartości. Można zatem potwierdzić spadek znaczenia teorii segmentacji rynku w kształtowaniu cen akcji na rynku pierwotnym. Wspiera to tezę o występującym w znacznej części gospodarki światowej zjawisku zmniejszających się po­działów na międzynarodowych rynkach finansowych, co dostrzeżone zostało wcześniej również przez innych badaczy ­

Introduction to Set Shaping Theory

In this article, we define the Set Shaping Theory whose goal is the study of the bijection functions that transform a set of strings into a set of equal size made up of strings of greater length. The functions that meet this condition are many but since the goal of this theory is the transmission of data, we have analyzed the function that minimizes the average information content. The results obtained show how this type of function can be useful in data compression.

The Relationship between Personality Traits and Face Shapes in Chinese Traditional Physiognomy

Objective: Physiognomy has over 3000 years of history in China, where the belief that personality can be discerned through physiognomy is widespread. However, it hasn’t been fully verified by scientific research. Through experiments, this paper explores the relationship between face shape and corresponding personality in physiognomy, and how face shape affects people’s judgment of personality. Method: According to the eight face shapes theory of physiognomy, 10 trained laboratory assistants have selected 64 typical faces through 3816 pieces of ID photos following a designated procedure, and tested the selected 64 persons’ scores of Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Test. Eight more ID photos have been randomly selected, and each one has been modified by Image Processing Technology into eight face shapes, keeping other facial features same to ensure that the only variable is face shape, and ultimately obtained 64 artificial faces. 949 undergraduates, as participants, have visually judged these 128 faces in a laboratory by using E-prime 2.0 and 16PF Rating Scale. Results: Overall, there was no significant difference of tested sixteen personality traits among eight typical faces. Through a post-hoc test, some face shapes are perceived to have certain significant differences in some personality traits than a certain face shape. For example, on factor Q2 of 16PF, a heart-shaped face (M = 2.625*) is significantly lower than a diamond-shaped face (M = 4.375). In contrast, there are various differences among the eight face shapes on people’s visual judgmental of personality traits. For example, the heart-shaped face (M = 4.01**) is significantly lower than all other face shapes on factor A). By comprising the tested personality traits and perceived personality traits of each face shape, there are significant differences among some personality traits (e.g. diamond face on factor B, t = ?2.847**). Conclusions: Traditional physiognomy theory which explains personality by face shapes can’t be supported by the results. People are affected by the inherent stereotype (such as people with square face look like more right-minded), and tend to make a judgment about people’s personalities according to stereotypes of face shapes. Although their judgments are inconformity with the real personality traits, it indeed influences many people’s judgments on personality. According to this research, if people can tailor their face shape to someone’s preferences by using makeup, it will be easier for them to make a good impression with that person.

Analysis of Blocking in mmWave Cellular Systems: Characterization of the LOS and NLOS Intervals in Urban Scenarios

In the millimeter waves (mmWave) bands considered for 5G and beyond, the use of very high frequencies results in the interruption of communication whenever there is no line of sight between the transmitter and the receiver. Blockages have been modeled in the literature so far using tools such as stochastic geometry and random shape theory. Using these tools, in this paper, we characterize the lengths of the segments in line-of-sight (LOS) and in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) statistically in an urban scenario where buildings (with random positions, lengths, and heights) are deployed in parallel directions configuring streets.

Investigation of Technological Parameters for Machining Toroidal Section of Solid Ceramic End Mills

Solid ceramic mills are a promising technological solution for cutting heat-resistant materials. Although nanostructured cutting ceramics has a number of valuable physical and mechanical properties providing high operational performance of mills, it has low strength. The design of a solid ceramic mills is formed by smooth surfaces without stress concentrators to ensure operability and to reduce the probability of failure. The most important structural element of solid ceramic end mill is a helical groove with a negative rake angle needed to increase surface strength. This groove can be machined with standard grinding wheels of type 1A1 or 1V1. However, the application of grinding wheels of a standard shape requires the use of reduced cutting parameters to prevent chipping on the forming sections of the cutter. Chipping can be caused by too short length of the contact line and the stress concentration at the end point of the profile of the grinding wheel, which is typically fully responsible for shaping the front surface and its transition to the tooth back. In this paper, in order to increase the contact line, we develop a new approach to designing grinding wheels for machining helical grooves of solid mills and determining rational technological and operational parameters for there use. A new approach is developed based on the fundamental principles of analytical geometry and linear algebra, numerical methods and basic axioms of the shaping theory. In this study, we have identified the key relationships between parameters determining the position of the grinding wheel relative to the workpiece and the geometrical parameters of a solid ceramic mills. The developed approach allowing to determine the specific design of the grinding wheel, depending on the initial parameters of the mill and the trajectory of the axis of the wheel relative to the mill, was implemented in the MathCAD environment.