Theory Of Habitus Research Articles

Community engineering education: The case of post-conflict Rwanda

We argue for the need for and provide an example of a new form of community-based engineering education in Rwanda. We draw on Bourdieu’s theories of field and habitus to frame the arguments for an alternative to the current dominant engineering education model. The proposed community engineering education programme has three key facets including the development of critical thinking of students using critical theory, the students’ creation of alternative practices as a result of such critical thinking, and the appropriate pedagogy for delivering the programme. This model programme is aimed to address Rwanda’s endemic problems of economic development, poverty, environment, healthcare and energy. Specifically, it can allow students to develop very much needed, socially and environmentally just engineering systems as well as locally appropriate businesses, thus directly addressing the needs of the country and its people. The programme could apply to any post-conflict situation or indeed any development context.

The Role of Communication Family Forum of Children with Disability for Families Who Have Children with Disability in the Aceh Besar Regency

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Christmas in U.S. K-12 schools: categorizing and explaining teacher awareness of Christo-normativity

ABSTRACT To reduce Christo-normativity in United States of America schools, most schools tend to only educate teachers about what religious practices are allowed by law. The question we ask is whether a focus on structural policies, like law, works. We apply Bourdieu's theory of habitus, capital, and field to discuss the findings from 27 interviews we completed with teachers/administrators. We found that participants tended to fit into five categories related to their awareness of whether they promoted Christo-normativity. Those who were relatively aware were either Apologists or Non-celebrators and those who were less aware were Non-apologists, Promoters, or Deniers. We argue that while structural policies to reduce Christo-normativity in public schools may be effective for Apologists and Non-celebrators, such a policy may be ineffective or resisted among Non-apologists, Promoters or Deniers.

On becoming a skilled migrant: towards habitus transformation through higher education

ABSTRACTResearch on the labour market experiences of highly skilled migrants has revealed the crippling employability challenges they face in the UK workplace resulting from the devaluation of their homeland qualifications and experiences. Studies on highly skilled migrants from Zimbabwe have revealed how migrants have to resort to semi-skilled and unskilled work for survival. Little is known, however, about the education and labour market experiences of migrants who come into the UK without degrees and subsequently acquire a UK degree. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital and habitus, this article explores the higher education and labour market experiences of this group, as revealed by in-depth interviews with 20 participants. Findings reveal that these participants’ habitus is a complex dynamic interaction of diverse (pre)dispositions and strategies which result in them reporting better labour market success than Zimbabwe-degreed migrants. Arguably, their experiences suggest the emergence of a new UK-based habitus for Zimbabwean migrants.

Revisiting Fromm and Bourdieu: Contributions to habitus and realism

AbstractRealist scholars are increasingly turning their attention to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus or dispositions as a way of theorizing thought and behaviour. In this article, the author offers a contribution, based on Erich Fromm's social psychology, to the realist theory of habitus. The author argues that while Bourdieu and Fromm both see the quest for meaning as the source of subjectivity in social life, Fromm goes further than Bourdieu in analysing the psychodynamic consequences of the acquisition of habitus. Fromm provides additional tools to understand the properties of habitus that emerge from its interaction with primary psychological needs. Principally, Fromm's work reveals an undertheorized set of emergent properties of habitus.

Intact goal-directed control in treatment-seeking drug users indexed by outcome-devaluation and Pavlovian to instrumental transfer: critique of habit theory.

Animal studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to drugs of abuse impairs goal-directed control over action selection indexed by the outcome-devaluation and specific Pavlovian to instrumental transfer procedures, suggesting this impairment might underpin addiction. However, there is currently only weak evidence for impaired goal-directed control in human drug users. Two experiments were undertaken in which treatment-seeking drug users and non-matched normative reference samples (controls) completed outcome-devaluation and specific Pavlovian to instrumental transfer procedures notionally translatable to animal procedures (Experiment 2 used a more challenging biconditional schedule). The two experiments found significant outcome-devaluation and specific Pavlovian to instrumental transfer effects overall and there was no significant difference between groups in the magnitude of these effects. Moreover, Bayes factor supported the null hypothesis for these group comparisons. Although limited by non-matched group comparisons and small sample sizes, the two studies suggest that treatment-seeking drug users have intact goal-directed control over action selection, adding uncertainty to already mixed evidence concerning the role of habit learning in human drug dependence. Neuro-interventions might seek to tackle goal-directed drug-seeking rather than habit formation in drug users.

Factors Influencing Mobile Search Engine Users' Continuance Behavior Under the Context of Service Harm Crisis Event

Post-adoption behavior has become one of the research hotspots in recent years. The purpose of this article is to research mobile search engine user's usage behaviour under the context of service harm crisis. Hypotheses and theoretical model are proposed by integrating expectation confirmation model of IS continuance, technology acceptance model, perceived risk theory, attribution theory and habit theory. The results indicated that continuance intention along with satisfaction and habit are important determinants of continuance behaviour. Perceived usefulness, perceived risk and continuance attitude have significant effect on continuance intention while attitude has the strongest effect. Confirmation promotes perceived usefulness, satisfaction and perceived ease of use which has an indirectly significant influence on satisfaction via perceived usefulness. Attribution of responsibilities has been found to have positive effect on perceived risk. Implications and contributions are provided.

Digital Behaviour Change Interventions to Break and Form Habits

Digital behaviour change interventions, particularly those using pervasive computing technology, hold great promise in supporting users to change their behaviour. However, most interventions fail to take habitual behaviour into account, limiting their potential impact. This failure is partly driven by a plethora of overlapping behaviour change theories and related strategies that do not consider the role of habits. We critically review the main theories and models used in the research to analyse their application to designing effective habitual behaviour change interventions. We highlight the potential for Dual Process Theory, modern habit theory, and Goal Setting Theory, which together model how users form and break habits, to drive effective digital interventions. We synthesise these theories into an explanatory framework, the Habit Alteration Model, and use it to outline the state of the art. We identify the opportunities and challenges of habit-focused interventions.

Hegels Begriff der Gewohnheit

Abstract In his Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences, Hegel states that the essential characteristic of spirit is to exhibit the structure of manifestation. This paper argues that for Hegel the structure of manifestation is actualized in habituated bodily actions, which sheds light on Hegel’s understanding of the relation between body and soul. Furthermore, the paper shows that there is an intrinsic relation between Hegel’s theory of habit and his aesthetics. Insofar as it exemplifies the structure of manifestation, habit has an expressive dimension for Hegel, and is therefore essentially complemented by its portrayal in classical works of art by virtue of the specific relation between form and content that such works exhibit. According to the interpretation presented here, Hegel’s philosophy of mind and his philosophy of aesthetics mutually complement and illuminate each other.

اراده و اختیار در نظرگاه غزالی و اسپینوزا

اراده و اختیار در نظرگاه غزالی و اسپینوزا

Determinants of choice of delivery place: Testing rational choice theory and habitus theory

ObjectiveThe current study uses two antipodal social science theories, the rational choice theory and the habitus theory, and applies these to describe how women choose between intraclinical (i.e., hospital-run birth clinics) and extraclinical (i.e., midwife-led birth centres or home births) delivery places. Design, setting, participants, measurementsData were collected in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among 189 women. A list of 22 determinants, conceptualized to capture the two theoretical concepts, were rated on a 7-point Likert scale with 1 = unimportant to 7 = very important. The analytic method was structural equation modelling. A model was built, in which the rational choice theory and the habitus theory as latent variables predicted the choice of delivery place. FindingsWith regards to the choice of delivery place, 89.3% of the women wanted an intraclinical and 10.7% an extraclinical delivery place at the time of their last child's birth. Significant differences between women with a choice of an intraclinical or extraclinical delivery place were found for 14 of the 22 determinants. In the structural equation model, rational choice theory determinants predicted a choice of intraclinical delivery and habitus theory determinants predicted a choice of extraclinical delivery. Key conclusionsThe two theories had diametrically opposed effects on the choice of delivery place. Women are more likely to decide on intraclinical delivery when arguments such as high medical standards, positive evaluations, or good advanced information are rated important. In contrast, women are more likely to decide on extraclinical delivery when factors such as family atmosphere during birth, friendliness of health care professionals, or consideration of the woman's interests are deemed important. Implications for practiceA practical implication of our study is that intraclinical deliveries may be promoted by providing comprehensive information, data and facts on various delivery-related issues, while extraclinical deliveries may be fostered by healthcare professionals tailoring personal or social beliefs, attitudes and opinions. Our study advocates that legislation and policy- and decision-makers should support different delivery place options in order to accommodate the choices and preferences of different women. The study demonstrates the usefulness of theory for describing and explaining a complex decision-making process, here the choice of delivery place.

Short films prodution in the classroom context: cinematographic language reading and fruition

Brazilian education has been facing a lot of challenges: one of them is the necessity of fostering the use of digital tools at schools on a daily basis, to help emerging or expanding the students’ reading competences from a culture of images in which students live in. From this perspective, this paper focus on describing the elements of cinematographic language that students involved on a project have appropriated after their participation in activities in which the main purpose was the production of short films, from the assumption that this appropriation has allowed them to be proficient in reading the film culture that is within in our society. To accomplish the objective, students answered a survey about three short films produced by them throughout their high school years. Data were analyzed in light of the theories of Habitus and symbolic Capital proposed by Bourdieu (2003 and 2005) and Neves (2007). The results have shown that students understood the cinematographic language that was taught as they have built references about it in the survey.

By Chance or by Plan?: The Academic Success of Nontraditional Students in Higher Education

In the United Kingdom, a “good” undergraduate degree is understood to be a “first class” or an “upper second class,” which is achieved by three-quarters of students. The need to distinguish oneself from others is ever more important in an increasingly crowded graduate market, although a first-class degree is most likely achieved by privileged students. Informed by Bourdieu’s theory of habitus and capital, this study explores the educational experiences and trajectories of 30 final-year high-achieving nontraditional (HANT) students through in-depth interviews. These include working-class, minority ethnic, and/or mature students at university. We found that prior development in academic study skills and the desire to prove oneself, often in response to previous negative experiences, are key ingredients in academic success. Our HANT students also seem to find inspiration or support from significant others, an educational capital, although these resources are often by chance rather than by plan. Implications for policy and practice are suggested.

‘Y el olor de la sangre manchaba el aire’: Tlatelolco 1521 and 1968 in José Emilio Pacheco’s ‘Lectura de los “Cantares Mexicanos”’

When Octavio Paz compared the Tlatelolco 1968 massacre to the conquest of the Aztec empire he created a foundation (and indeed, at times, the inspiration) for the view of the massacre as a symbol of a long-lasting internal conflict. This paper explores how the Tlatelolco 1968 poetry reflects (or appropriates) the 1521 texts. Are these texts used as extra metaphors of what happened in La Plaza de las Tres Culturas on 2 October, as links to the square’s infamous past, or is there a more enduring reason for the retelling of the story of the fall of Tenochtitlan? To answer these questions, I will examine four versions of Jose Emilio Pacheco’s poem ‘Lectura de los “Cantares Mexicanos”: Manuscrito de Tlatelolco (octubre 1968)’. The reading will be informed by the theory of habit (Bourdieu) and collective remembering and forgetting (Halbwachs and Bartlett).

«Макбет» У. Шекспира и проблема вариативности русских переводов 30–60 гг. XX века

<p>Статья посвящена проблеме вариативности русских переводов «Макбета» У. Шекспира, степень которой можно выявить, используя онлайн-программу (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">www.shakespearecorpus.ru</span>), которая предлагает различные инструменты обработки и анализа при помощи цифровых алгоритмов. Как показывает опыт работы с платформой Version Variation Visualization (VVV) на немецкоязычном и русском материале, конечную интерпретацию данных осуществляет исследователь. Задача исследования — выявить степень оригинальности перевода и расхождения с текстом «Макбета» Шекспира.</p><p>Стилометрический анализ показал, что ограничение корпуса по времени и жанру дало возможность понизить уровень шумов / помех, которые создаются воздействием эпохи на жанр и стиль. Теория габитуса П. Бурдье позволила не только интерпретировать выявленные различия переводов в связи с привычными литературно-стилевыми, историческими и идеологическими контекстами, но и увидеть различия габитусов переводчиков, чьи переводы реактуализируют шекспировского «Макбета» в языке и социокультурном пространстве.</p><p> </p>

Students' Gendered Body Dispositions Toward (Non) Participation in Physical Education at an Urban Male High School in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Drawing on Bourdieu’s relational theory of (gendered) body habitus, the purpose of this qualitative case study is to develop a better understanding of the embodied, gendered dispositions that influence Saudi male students’ experiences in physical education (PE). The paper reports data generated by semi-structured interviews with male students (n=27) between the ages of 15 and 20, all of whom attended a public secondary school in Makkah during the autumn of 2012. The study found that the concept of hygienic dispositions is an issue that concerns some students in ways that prevent them from participating in PE. With limited PE facilities (i.e. changing and showering rooms), masculine values (expressed both physically and verbally) impact attitudes towards participation in PE. Surprisingly, the Saudi adult masculine identity, so closely associated with traditional clothing (the thawb), is also a condition that influences PE students’ participation. As part of this study’s results, meanings attached to the thawb are analyzed, revealing social representations of masculinity and its cultural/social value (i.e. prestige, respect).

Women's leadership as a symbolic act of reproduction: A case Study in the Soloman Islands

Literature on women's leadership over the last three decades suggests that women's leadership perspectives have been predominantly influenced by either Euro-centric patriarchal views or those of women in economically developed countries. These are significantly different from an economically developing Pacific Island like the Solomon Islands, in particular, its Santa Isabel Island.The literature, therefore, overlooks the impacts women's indigenous culture may have in order to understand their leadership beliefs and practices. Bourdieu (1977b) argues that people's practices are embodied within their cultures, forming habitus through their past and present experiences, both consciously and unconsciously. I argue that women leaders' leadership beliefs and practices cannot be fully understood without considering these social and cultural norms operating in their specific cultures. My thesis explores the impact of the Santa Isabel matrilineal culture on women's formed leadership beliefs and practices. The main research question therefore is:How do women leaders' leadership beliefs and practices form in the Santa Isabel matrilineal culture? Sub questions arising from this are:In what ways does the Santa Isabel matrilineal culture influence women leaders' beliefs and practices?To what extent does the Santa Isabel matrilineal culture contribute to the formation of women leaders' cultural leadership beliefs and practices?How do women leaders practice leadership in the Santa Isabel matrilineal '¨culture?My research was undertaken using a case study methodology, linked with Bourdieu's (1977b) habitus as a lens for exploring women leaders' leadership practices in Santa Isabel in the Solomon Islands context through using interviews, informal observations and focus groups. The findings were generated through Bourdieu's (1977b) habitus theory for capturing an in-depth understanding of how women leaders' leadership beliefs and practices were formed. Key findings demonstrated that women leaders' leadership beliefs and practices were influenced by their matrilineal culture and early learning experiences in Santa Isabel. The study also revealed that these women leaders used leadership practices appropriate for their context. As a result, they formed leadership beliefs and practices that demonstrated a symbolic act of reproduction of their cultural habitus that reflected their existing leadership thinking.The study has contributed to the research field by recognising the impact of cultural embodiment, the habitus and social reproduction of the Santa Isabel matrilineal culture on women's leadership beliefs and practices. It fills a critical gap in understanding women's leadership as a symbolic act of reproduction of their cultural beliefs and practices which has been overlooked in women's leadership literature.

A criatividade como um habitus regionalizado no campo artístico bourdieusiano

O campo artístico é delimitado por um discurso que impõe formas de interpretar, consagrar e produzir arte conforme as regras que foram impostas. Essa imposição é questionada, pois não está explícito quem detém o poder de autorizar ou nomear o que é arte. Os produtores de arte estão submissos a um campo de força delimitado por meio de um discurso regionalista do campo artístico. Torna-se necessário um dispositivo na forma de habitus para que a criação artística fora dos limites da região dominante tenha força suficiente de transformação por meio de seu fator de distinção. Esse dispositivo de distinção é a criatividade. Como resposta às censuras impostas à ação criativa por meio de discursos regionalistas dominantes, este artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de defender a criatividade como um habitus do campo artístico. Para tanto, fez-se uso das teorias de Pierre Bourdieu sobre campo (e, mais especificamente, o artístico), poder simbólico, região e habitus. Concluiu-se que a teoria de habitus representa o lado oculto do mercado dos bens artísticos; que as lutas por um espaço no campo artístico são guerrilhas estabelecidas entre os próprios artistas que buscam identidade e liberdade no campo e; que a criatividade como um habitus possui diversos desafios no campo artístico, principalmente quando delimitado por um discurso.Palavras-chave: arte, criatividade, Bourdieu, campo artístico, poder simbólico, habitus, região.

Ментальность калмыков: истоки и причины изменений

В статье анализируется вопрос об истоках и особенностях ментальности калмыков. Обосновывается положение о военном происхождении важных для калмыков категорий чести и достоинства. Рассматривается, как изменение исполняемых ими практик приводило к изменению ментальных структур. Анализ осуществлен с применением теории габитуса П. Бурдье, а также феноменологии чужого (Э. Гуссерль, Э. Левинас, Б. Вальденфельс, А. Шюц).Выделены ключевые моменты в истории калмыков, оказавшие влияние на формирование и изменение калмыцкой ментальности: вхождение в Российскую империю, расцвет Калмыцкого ханства, уход большей части калмыков в Джунгарию, формирование управленческих и хозяйственных структур в пост–ханский период, широкомастабное отходничество, начавшееся с середины XIX в., события двух революций, советский проект модернизации, война и ссылка в Сибирь, восстановление автономии, постсоветский период.Ментальность калмыков исследуется в империологической рамке, позволяющей рассмотреть формирование и трансформации ментальности калмыков как имперского народа. Этногенез ойрат происходил в военно-политическом пространстве Монгольской империи, формирование калмыков как этноса осуществлялось в этнополитическом пространстве Российской империи, а формирование калмыков как нации происходило в составе советской «империи наций» — СССР. Показано, что конструирование новой нации и идентичности калмыков в постсоветский период оказало воздействие на их ментальность.Эмпирическую основу статьи составляют документы из Национального архива Республики Калмыкия, литературные источники дореволюционного периода, периодика раннесоветского периода.

The contextualization of divergent outlooks in a Greenfield master-planned community: a pathway towards reflexivity

ABSTRACTComprehensive design schemes and specifications have progressively shaped Master-Planned Communities (MPCs). The market largely predetermines these outcomes, with background input from communities. Therefore, this paper endeavours to define the fundamental structures that generate differences between market actors and residents within the North Lakes MPC. This study employs ‘habitus theory’, which is a sociological phenomenon describing the divergence of personal outlooks and expertise. The application of this theory is thus illustrative of the evolution of distinct observations within MPCs. Contemporary studies have under-researched these inherent gaps between communities, authorities, and critics, and these frictions could be exacerbated within restrictive developmental contexts. Epistemic and objectified content analyses collated over many years and sources will uncover the underlying differences between the relevant groups. These analyses will enable the progression of a framework for understanding power relation biases and how reflexivity can enhance current consultative methods.