Theory Of Functional Systems Research Articles

Functionality and Quality Management of Transformation of Capital Forms at an Enterprise

In the article, using the methods of functional systems theory we analyzed the characteristics of the social and institutional venture capital, their unity and distinctions were proved. Presented is the possibility of using the recommendations of the Commission by J. Stiglitz on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress at the enterprise level. The necessary communications to ensure the transformation of social capital into organizational were determined. We formed a principal scheme of the mechanism of forming the efficiency of enterprise activity, taking into account organizational capital. The principles of emergency of organizational capital efficiency as the degree of influence on the quantitative and qualitative results of the company's activities were presented.

Angiotensins in the central mechanisms of drinking instrumental activity of rats with different manifestations of risk behavior

Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of characteristics of drinking instrumental activity in rats with different manifestation of risk behavior before and after intracerebral introduction of equally productive dipsogenic doses of angiotensins.
 Materials and Мethods. The work was conducted on 19 Wistar male rats of 250300 g mass. All manipulations with animals were performed in accordance with the international ethic recommendations on biomedical research with use of animals. All rats were preliminarily scalped under ether anesthesia with removal of soft tissues and periosteum. The cannulae were introduced into rat’s brain through the trephine opening in the lateral ventricle. The length of each cannula was 8 mm, the internal diameter – 0.8 mm. All cannulae had a special restrictor at the distance of about 3.5 mm from the implantable end. Each animal was implanted one cannula into the lateral ventricle of the brain on the right or left side according to the coordinates of stereotaxic atlas for rats (L.D. Pellegrino at al., 1979) (AP = +1.0; L= 2; H= 2.5). Microinjections of substances were made into the brain of nonnarcotized animals using a microsyringe of 5 μL volume («Hamilton», the USA). For intraventricular microinjections, angiotensinII, angiotensinIII and [des – Asp1]angiotensinI («Sigma», the USA) were used.
 Results. In the article the mechanisms of realization of drinking instrumental activity in rats with different manifestations of risk behavior are described. In view of P.K. Anokhin’s general theory of functional systems, the effects of application of «equally productive» doses of angiotensins on initiation of specific patterns of drinking behavior in rats are discussed. Risk is considered as an independent component of systemic organization of purposive behavior of an individual. It is shown that the «integral pattern of individual behavior» of rats is selectively modulated by angiotensinII and angiotensinIII. This selectivity has a narrow focus and individual manifestations, depending on the background activity of the animals.
 Conclusion. Depending on the initial level of the intensity of instrumental activity of the animals (with different manifestations of risk behavior), angiotensin II and angiotensin III are involved into initiation of fullscale «integral pattern of individual drinking behavior» or participate in the directed modulation of complex purposive behavior manifested by enhancement of dipsogenic effect. At the same time, [des – Asp1]angiotensinI does not participate in the mechanisms of reproduction of the acquired drinking instrumental habits but induces only mechanisms of initiation of congenital individual forms of drinking behavior.

Angiotensins in the central mechanisms of drinking instrumental activity of rats with different manifestations of risk behavior

Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of characteristics of drinking instrumental activity in rats with different manifestation of risk behavior before and after intracerebral introduction of equally productive dipsogenic doses of angiotensins.
 Materials and Мethods. The work was conducted on 19 Wistar male rats of 250300 g mass. All manipulations with animals were performed in accordance with the international ethic recommendations on biomedical research with use of animals. All rats were preliminarily scalped under ether anesthesia with removal of soft tissues and periosteum. The cannulae were introduced into rat’s brain through the trephine opening in the lateral ventricle. The length of each cannula was 8 mm, the internal diameter – 0.8 mm. All cannulae had a special restrictor at the distance of about 3.5 mm from the implantable end. Each animal was implanted one cannula into the lateral ventricle of the brain on the right or left side according to the coordinates of stereotaxic atlas for rats (L.D. Pellegrino at al., 1979) (AP = +1.0; L= 2; H= 2.5). Microinjections of substances were made into the brain of nonnarcotized animals using a microsyringe of 5 μL volume («Hamilton», the USA). For intraventricular microinjections, angiotensinII, angiotensinIII and [des – Asp1]angiotensinI («Sigma», the USA) were used.
 Results. In the article the mechanisms of realization of drinking instrumental activity in rats with different manifestations of risk behavior are described. In view of P.K. Anokhin’s general theory of functional systems, the effects of application of «equally productive» doses of angiotensins on initiation of specific patterns of drinking behavior in rats are discussed. Risk is considered as an independent component of systemic organization of purposive behavior of an individual. It is shown that the «integral pattern of individual behavior» of rats is selectively modulated by angiotensinII and angiotensinIII. This selectivity has a narrow focus and individual manifestations, depending on the background activity of the animals.
 Conclusion. Depending on the initial level of the intensity of instrumental activity of the animals (with different manifestations of risk behavior), angiotensin II and angiotensin III are involved into initiation of fullscale «integral pattern of individual drinking behavior» or participate in the directed modulation of complex purposive behavior manifested by enhancement of dipsogenic effect. At the same time, [des – Asp1]angiotensinI does not participate in the mechanisms of reproduction of the acquired drinking instrumental habits but induces only mechanisms of initiation of congenital individual forms of drinking behavior.

A PROPOSED PROGRAM FOR THE DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN EGYPT TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

This aimed at identifying the determinants and obstacles of social security in Egypt and the extent to which these determinants conform to international standards of social security. In addition to identifying the role of social security in Egypt in achieving sustainable social development and mechanisms to enhance this role, and hence a program to develop the performance of social security funds to enhance their role in achieving sustainable social development in the light of international standards. Through the case study approach, the sought to examine the funds of the National Social Authority, which are the Insurance Fund for Governmental Sector, and the Fund for Public and Private Sector . In its objectives, it has studied legislation, insurance benefits, administrative system and human resources, public relations, finance, and investment of fund money as key determinants of social development. The also used a comparative approach to compare the performance of funds with international social security standards. The data were collected through a set of tools: direct observation, in-depth interviews, examination of documents from international conventions, laws, legislation, ministerial decisions and administrative instructions. The also used two social theories: functional structural theory and general systems theory. The results of the revealed that the social security system policies in Egypt are far from international standards and that the challenges facing the Egyptian social security system are directly affected by the way they are run and managed. Good governance and effective enforcement of laws can create a social insurance system that is comprehensive and socially and economically appropriate, even with modest resources, if there are social and economic policies supported by sound management and based on harmonious social dialogue. The came out with a set of recommendations that were formulated in a proposed program to develop the performance of social security funds and enhance their role in achieving sustainable social development. The program includes nine axes: legislative amendment, financial and administrative autonomy, national consensus dialogue, human resource development, restructuring, service development and simplification of procedures, strengthening supervision, regulation, accountability and transparency; supporting policy-making and decision-making, and finally devoting a culture of excellence.

On real-space Density Functional Theory for non-orthogonal crystal systems: Kronecker product formulation of the kinetic energy operator

We present an accurate and efficient real-space Density Functional Theory (DFT) framework for the ab initio study of non-orthogonal crystal systems. Specifically, employing a local reformulation of the electrostatics, we develop a novel Kronecker product formulation of the real-space kinetic energy operator that significantly reduces the number of operations associated with the Laplacian-vector multiplication, the dominant cost in practical computations. In particular, we reduce the scaling with respect to finite-difference order from quadratic to linear, thereby significantly bridging the gap in computational cost between non-orthogonal and orthogonal systems. We verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology through selected examples.

P. K. Anokhin is the founder of theory of functional systems (to 120th birthday anniversary of academician Pyotr Kuzmich Anokhin)

The article is dedicated to 120th birthday anniversary of a well-known Soviet scientist, the author of theory of functional systems, academician of Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Pyotr Kuzmich Anokhin (1898-1974). In the article the main milestones of his life, of his scientific and pedagogical activity are considered.
 P.K. Anokhin was among the talented pupils of academician I.P. Pavlov. Having gained a substantial physiological knowledge under his guidance, Anokhin very early showed his worth as an independent original researcher developing a new important section of physiology.
 P.K. Anokhin is one of leading physiologists of the XX century. He inherited the best traditions of the classic Russian physiology and created his scientific school.
 P.K. Anokhin focused his research work on investigation of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the activity of the nervous system, but the main direction of his theoretical and experimental work was a study of an organism as an integral formation. The theory of functional systems proposed by P.K. Anokhin is widely recognized in the world science, and he is the founder of the systemic approach in physiology and biology.
 Results of his research, his many-sided heritage and productive ideas proposed and developed by him during more than 50 years of his activity are used not only in physiology, but also in other fields of knowledge: biology, mathematics, pedagogics, philosophy…Works of P.K. Anokhin gained him recognition and acknowledgement in the international science which is evidenced by numerous references to his works in the modern scientific medical literature.

P. K. Anokhin is the founder of theory of functional systems (to 120th birthday anniversary of academician Pyotr Kuzmich Anokhin)

The article is dedicated to 120th birthday anniversary of a well-known Soviet scientist, the author of theory of functional systems, academician of Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Pyotr Kuzmich Anokhin (1898-1974). In the article the main milestones of his life, of his scientific and pedagogical activity are considered.
 P.K. Anokhin was among the talented pupils of academician I.P. Pavlov. Having gained a substantial physiological knowledge under his guidance, Anokhin very early showed his worth as an independent original researcher developing a new important section of physiology.
 P.K. Anokhin is one of leading physiologists of the XX century. He inherited the best traditions of the classic Russian physiology and created his scientific school.
 P.K. Anokhin focused his research work on investigation of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the activity of the nervous system, but the main direction of his theoretical and experimental work was a study of an organism as an integral formation. The theory of functional systems proposed by P.K. Anokhin is widely recognized in the world science, and he is the founder of the systemic approach in physiology and biology.
 Results of his research, his many-sided heritage and productive ideas proposed and developed by him during more than 50 years of his activity are used not only in physiology, but also in other fields of knowledge: biology, mathematics, pedagogics, philosophy…Works of P.K. Anokhin gained him recognition and acknowledgement in the international science which is evidenced by numerous references to his works in the modern scientific medical literature.

Functional systems theory and the activity-specific approach in psychological taxonomies.

This brief opinion contribution reflects on the application of Anokhin's functional systems theory in the development of models of temperament in Russian differential psychophysiology. It points to the benefits of using an activity-specific approach in temperament theory. This approach suggests separating traits related to physical, communicative and mental aspects of behaviour.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.

Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Open Systems and Its Applications.

Photovoltaic devices, electrochemical cells, catalysis processes, light emitting diodes, scanning tunneling microscopes, molecular electronics, and related devices have one thing in common: open quantum systems where energy and matter are not conserved. Traditionally quantum chemistry is confined to isolated and closed systems, while quantum dissipation theory studies open quantum systems. The key quantity in quantum dissipation theory is the reduced system density matrix. As the reduced system density matrix is an O(M! × M!) matrix, where M is the number of the particles of the system of interest, quantum dissipation theory can only be employed to simulate systems of a few particles or degrees of freedom. It is thus important to combine quantum chemistry and quantum dissipation theory so that realistic open quantum systems can be simulated from first-principles. We have developed a first-principles method to simulate the dynamics of open electronic systems, the time-dependent density functional theory for open systems (TDDFT-OS). Instead of the reduced system density matrix, the key quantity is the reduced single-electron density matrix, which is an N × N matrix where N is the number of the atomic bases of the system of interest. As the dimension of the key quantity is drastically reduced, the TDDFT-OS can thus be used to simulate the dynamics of realistic open electronic systems and efficient numerical algorithms have been developed. As an application, we apply the method to study how quantum interference develops in a molecular transistor in time domain. We include electron-phonon interaction in our simulation and show that quantum interference in the given system is robust against nuclear vibration not only in the steady state but also in the transient dynamics. As another application, by combining TDDFT-OS with Ehrenfest dynamics, we study current-induced dissociation of water molecules under scanning tunneling microscopy and follow its time dependent dynamics. Given the rapid development in ultrafast experiments with atomic resolution in recent years, time dependent simulation of open electronic systems will be useful to gain insight and understanding of such experiments. This Account will mainly focus on the practical aspects of the TDDFT-OS method, describing the numerical implementation and demonstrating the method with applications.

Cognitive architecture based on the functional systems theory

In this paper the cognitive architecture based on the Functional Systems Theory (TFS) by P.K.Anokhin is presented. This architecture based on the main notions of this theory: goal, result, anticipation of the result. This theory is described on physiological and informational level. The logical structure of this theory was analyzed and used for the control system of the purposeful behavior development. This control system contains the hierarchy of functional systems that organize the purposeful behavior. The control system was used for the agents modeling that are solving the foraging task.

Historical retrospective of the Neurophysiological Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad

Over the course of several decades at the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, fundamental studies in the field of neurosciences were of great importance and were continually kept up-to-date with global scientific achievements. These studies were applied by using the stereotactic method, single-unit recording, and electroencephalography. The Laboratory of Neurophysiology was established in 1965 and since 1978 microelectrode and microiontophoretic techniques important for the registration and analysis of the activity of individual neurons were fully developed. Under the great influence of Russian neurophysiological school (P.K. Anokhin, K.V. Sudakov), the emphasis was on the study of Anokhin?s theory of functional systems. Recently, epilepsy, brain ischemia and the influence of different medications, auxiliary medicinal products, and physical agents (electromagnetic radiation) on the central nervous system, behaviour, learning and investigated pathological conditions have been studied. Scientific collaboration with renowned institutions in the country and abroad has been established, numerous scientific projects have been carried out, expert international meetings have been organized, and numerous significant studies have been published. These results have often been the basis for further clinical investigations and the improvement of preventive or curative treatment of patients. Researchers from the Laboratory participated in the education of new generations of neurophysiologists, encouraging their scientific curiosity and love for fascinating mechanisms of the nervous system.

System-targeted approach to the integrated use of transport in the interests of life safety

The technical component of the MTE system (man-technology- environment), a special case of which are the means of mechanization and transportation (MMT) in construction, is investigated as it develops in terms of reliability and efficiency of the processes of construction production implemented using MMT. Firstly, there is no evaluation of the economic justification for an integrated transport communication system. Secondly, there are economic and mathematical models of the integrated use of different types of transport in the interests of ensuring environmental safety. Thirdly, there are methodologies of economic justification of the complex use of transport in the interests of environmental safety. Certification of means of mechanization of manual labor and transportation of building cargo and structures (MMT) is one of the important packages of construction production objects for services of high-rise construction. The variety of certification aspects corresponds to the variety of domestic and foreign production used in the conditions of market competition in the construction of MMT, in particular, the means of road transport in construction (MRTC). High dynamics of transport support for economic, social, demographic, and environmental security in a market economy require the creation of a concept for the integrated use of transport in the interests of Russia's national security. The demand for systematic consideration of three components (human, engineering, and environment) from the positions of system engineering of construction, the theory of functional systems and modeling of their mutual influence is identified with the main role of the subject-object approach to the comfort and workability criteria, organizational- technological and organizational-anthropotechnical reliability of the MTE system.

Optimal transport with Coulomb cost and the semiclassical limit of density functional theory

We present some progress in the direction of determining the semiclassical limit of the Hoenberg-Kohn universal functional in Density Functional Theory for Coulomb systems. In particular we give a proof of the fact that for Bosonic systems with an arbitrary number of particles the limit is the multimarginal optimal transport problem with Coulomb cost and that the same holds for Fermionic systems with 2 or 3 particles. Comparisons with previous results are reported . The approach is based on some techniques from the optimal transportation theory.

Explicit Weierstrass traveling wave solutions and bifurcation analysis for dissipative Zakharov–Kuznetsov modified equal width equation

We consider the dissipative Zakharov–Kuznetsov modified equal width (ZK-MEW) equation and discuss the effect of the dissipation on the existence and nature of traveling wave solutions of the equation. We use Lyapunov function and dynamical system theory in order to show that when viscosity term is added to the ZK-MEW equation, yet there exists still bounded traveling wave solutions in certain regions. Subsequently, we obtain general solution of the ZK-MEW equation in the presence and absence of viscosity in terms of Weirstrass $$\wp $$ functions and Jacobi elliptic functions. We also derive a new form of kink-type solution by exploring a factorization method based on functional transformation and the Abel’s first order nonlinear equation. Finally, we use the phase plane analysis and examine the stability of the viscous waves.

Novel Variable Structure Measurement System with Intelligent Components for Flight Vehicles

AbstractThe paper presents a method of developing a variable structure measurement system with intelligent components for flight vehicles. In order to find a distinguishing feature of a variable structure, a numerical criterion for selecting measuring sensors is proposed by quantifying the observability of different states of the system. Based on the Peter K. Anokhin’s theory of functional systems, a mechanism of “action acceptor” is built with intelligent components, e.g. self-organization algorithms. In this mechanism, firstly, prediction models of system states are constructed using self-organization algorithms; secondly, the predicted and measured values are compared; thirdly, an optimal structure of the measurement system is finally determined based on the results of comparison. According to the results of simulation with practical data and experiments obtained during field tests, the novel developed measurement system has the properties of high-accuracy, reliable operation and fault tolerance.

Ab Initio Adsorption Isotherms for Molecules with Lateral Interactions: CO2 in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Adsorption of carbon dioxide in the metal–organic framework CPO-27-Mg (Mg-MOF-74) is examined. We use accurate quantum chemical ab initio methods (wave function-type electron correlation methods for cluster models combined with density functional theory for periodic systems) to calculate gas–surface site and gas–gas interactions. At 298 K, the “zero-coverage” enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of CO2 adsorption on Mg2+ sites are −46 and −9 kJ/mol, respectively; for linker sites these values are −30 and +5 kJ/mol, respectively. For full monolayer coverage lateral interactions from nearby molecules contribute −6 and −5 kJ/mol to the adsorption enthalpy for CO2 at Mg2+ and linker sites, respectively. The predicted heats of adsorption and free energies of adsorption agree within 2.6 and 0.8 kJ/mol, respectively, with experimental values well within chemical accuracy limits (4.2 kJ/mol). We use two different ways of calculating isotherms from equilibrium constants for individual sites and interaction energies: (i)...

Existence and stability of dispersive solutions to the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in the presence of dispersion effect

The paper deals with Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation in presence of a small dispersion effect. The nature of solutions are examined under the dispersion effect by using Lyapunov function and dynamical system theory. We prove that when dispersion is added to the KP equation, in certain regions, yet there exist bounded traveling wave solutions in the form of solitary waves, periodic and elliptic functions. The general solution of the equation with or without the dispersion effect are obtained in terms of Weirstrass ℘ functions and Jacobi elliptic functions. New form of kink-type solutions are established by exploring a new technique based on factorization method, use of functional transformation and the Abel’s first order nonlinear equation. Furthermore, the stability analysis of the dispersive solutions are examined which shows that the traveling wave velocity is a bifurcation parameter which governs between different classes of waves. We use the phase plane analysis and show that at a critical velocity, the solution has a transcritical bifurcation.

Adaptation of functional systems theory for the operative analysis of information flow

The article is dedicated to the features of the development of the information economy, which relies on high technology to further the continuity of the information flow, and therefore the business continuity of individual economic entities. In particular, the authors suggest modifying and optimizing the process of transmission and processing of data within a single marketing system based on the theory of functional systems. The authors give a description of the functioning of the info graphics model for marketing information system, which allows to structure the external input information at two flows at the first stage, and at the second - to create a database of relative indicators to forecast the activity of the company as a whole. Author research was conducted in the marketing sector, a separate organization. Moreover, under the marketing researches is the systematic gathering, processing and analysis of data about issues relating to marketing products and services, competition, consumers, prices, opportunities of the company and others, oriented to specification of available data or to obtaining new information to make managerial decision. Also changes in political, legal, economical, scientific and technological, demographical and other conditions of operation of an enterprise are targets of market research.

О связи функциональных систем полиномов и арифметических полиномов, представляющих системы булевых функций

The theory of functional systems is one of the basic fields of mathematical cybernetics. A functional system is a pair (P, O), in which P is the system carrier and O is the totality of operations specified in P. That is, a functional system is an algebra the elements of which are functions, and operations in this algebra correspond to the rules according to which the functions are constructed from each other. Functional systems involving a superposition operation (renaming and identifying the variables, and substituting functions for the variables of another function) are considered to be the conventional model objects of the theory. A functional system of polynomials with integer coefficients is investigated. The connection between a functional system of polynomials with integer coefficients and the arithmetic polynomials introduced by V.D. Malyugin to perform parallel logic computations is considered. Linear polynomials with integer coefficients are analyzed. The set of all such functions is denoted as L(Z) and is considered as a subset in the broader set P(Z) of functions represented by arbitrary-power polynomials with integer coefficients. Superposition (composition) operations are defined in L(Z) and P(Z). Arithmetic polynomials representing some systems of Boolean functions are given. It has been found that the set of arithmetic polynomials representing certain systems of Boolean functions do not coincide with P(Z). However, the closure with respect to the superposition operation of the set of arithmetic polynomials representing certain systems of Boolean functions coincides with P(Z). It is shown that the set of linear arithmetic polynomials representing some systems of Boolean functions does not coincide with L(Z). However, the closure with respect to the superposition operation of the set of linear arithmetic polynomials representing certain systems of Boolean functions coincides with L(Z).

Об аналоге теоремы Слупецкого для полиномиальных функций

Functional systems are among the main objects in discrete mathematics and mathematical cybernetics. The meaningful connection of functional systems with real cybernetic models of control systems, on the one hand, determines a series of essential requirements that are imposed on functional systems, and on the other hand, generates a class of important problems that have both theoretical and application significance. The theory of functional systems covers a wide range of problem areas, the main of them being the problems of completeness, relative completeness, expressibility, synthesis, analysis, and some others. The article considers the functional systems of polynomial functions falling in the following categories: (i) with natural coefficients in which the values of both the arguments and the functions themselves belong to the set of natural numbers; (ii) with integer coefficients in which the values of both the arguments and the functions themselves belong to the set of integer numbers; and (iii) with rational coefficients in which the values of both the arguments and the functions themselves belong to the set of rational numbers. The superposition operations (permutation of variables, renaming of variables without identifying them, identifying the variables, introducing a fictitious variable, removing a fictitious variable, and substituting one function into another) were taken as a set of operations in all these functional systems, and the problem of relative completeness is investigated for these systems. An algorithmic approach of this problem (an analog of Slupecki's theorem) is presented for the above-mentioned functional systems. In particular, it has been proven that the posed problem has a positive answer only for a functional system with natural coefficients, whereas the answer for the other two systems is negative.