Theoretical Disciplines Research Articles

Условия эффективной педагогической поддержки обучающихся в процессе их самоопределения в ситуациях активного и интерактивного обучения

Introduction. The tendency to increase the role of independent learning activities of students has actualized the search and implementation of effective conditions for their pedagogical support in the process of using active and interactive teaching methods. Theoretical analysis of the research allowed us to conclude that pedagogical support should be considered as a teacher’s creation of certain conditions for independent work of students in order to form incentives for self-determination through their choice of individual and/or group educational trajectories. Empirical analysis. To verify the assumption that active and interactive teaching methods have a significant potential for pedagogical support of the process of self-determination of students, a study was conducted with the participation of students of two groups of 1st year students of V. I. Razumovsky SSMU (N = 20), within the framework of teaching a theoretical discipline. Conclusion. The study allowed us to conclude that effective conditions of pedagogical support are: trusting dialogical interaction between teachers and students, pedagogical consulting of students at their request, organization of work on a group project using active and interactive methods of group learning interaction; providing an opportunity to develop and implement an individual educational trajectory within the framework of work on a group project.

An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument

This article addresses a written debate between Najm al-Dīn al-Kātibī (d. 675 AH/1277 AD) and Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (d. 672 AH/1274 AD) on the contingency argument, which is one of the most well-known proofs offered in history regarding the existence of God. According to thinkers before al-Kātibī, the contingency argument verifies the Necessary Being, and then it debunks the possibility of infinite regress. By “earlier thinkers,” al-Kātibī means especially Avicenna (d. 428 AH/1037 AD) and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210). According to al-Kātibī, the notion of the Necessary Being was proved through the contingency argument they put forward, but a careful examination of their arguments indicates that they presented no definitive proof refuting the notion of infinite regress. Therefore, according to al-Kātibī, what Avicenna and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī claimed to prove the impossibility of infinite regress through the contingency argument is not valid. As al-Ṭūsī responded to al-Kātibī’s objections, a debate consisting of three letters from each side emerged between them. At the end of the debate, al-Kātibī found al-Ṭūsī’s explanations reasonable, and he admitted that they were correct. However, the parties did not mention the agreed version of the argument at the end of the debate. For this reason, I added this agreed argument at the end of this study in accordance with the parties’ declarations. The purpose of the present study is to analyse this debate in its natural order and to eliminate technical ambiguities it involves, defending Avicenna’s, al-Rāzī’s, and al-Ṭūsī’s philosophical position in the contingency argument about proving the impossibility of infinite regress through the argument. On the other hand, this debate is an epitome of the classical debate tradition. It is also significant in the sense that it reveals one of the best examples of the interdisciplinary discussion between kalām and philosophical schools, and the application of classical logic to theoretical disciplines. As a result of our analyses of the debate, we have concluded that the objections brought by al-Kātibī against the contingency argument in parallel with the conclusion of the debate accepted by the parties, maintain the contingency argument. According to this conclusion, the contingency argument is a proof which invalidates infinite regress while proving the existence of the Necessary Being.

МИФОЭПИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ АДЫГСКОГО НОВОГО ГОДА

The article considers the traditional spring holiday “Alternation of heads of years” (Ilesyshye zablek1ygu) on March 21–23 among the Adygs (Circassians) people, dedicated to Shyuzeresh the patron saint of abundance and horsemen. The aim of the work is to study the mythoepic basis of the traditional holidays associated with the spring and winter solstices. Based on this goal, the tasks of identifying representations of sacred processes designed to create favorable conditions for the preparation and start of spring field work and seasonal agricultural completion of the year are solved. The relevance of the research topic is due to the insufficient knowledge of the calendar holidays of the Adygs, in this case, associated with the vernal equinox and winter solstice. The theoretical basis of the mythological rituals requires in-depth study, since the process of reanimation of folk festivals is one of the important components of the self-identification of the Adyghe. Travel essays by missionaries, the research activities of the Adyghe enlighteners of the 19th century Sultan Khan Giray, Shora Nogmov, Adil Giray Keshev, folklorists Askarbiy Shortanov, Mukhtar Meretukov, Adam Gutov, Aslan Tsipinov and other scholars served as the methodological basis of this work and determined the basic principles of research: the comparative-historical, historical-typological, and comparative analyses. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it describes for the first time the rituals of the spring festival, symbolizing the onset of the Adyghe New Year, and the time of spring plowing, which began on the third day after the onset of the holiday “Alternating heads of Years”, as well as the winter solstice holiday. The result of the study was the conclusion that the worldview and worldview of the ancient Adyghe was at a high level for its time and evolved along with the process of progressive development of the Adyghe society. It is established that a historical and cultural excursion into the past about the existence of the New Year among the Adyghe (Circassians) and the winter solstice holiday makes it possible to know the depth of the processes of the mythoepic consciousness of the people. The theoretical and practical value of the work is seen in the possibility of using the results of the research in theoretical disciplines and practical research on folklore, epic studies, the study of the mythoepical basis of the Adyghe worldview, as well as in the educational process of educational institutions.

Conflictual meetings between social identities in analytic group therapy

Social identities play a significant role in the development of personality and various disorders and challenges. In addition, they play an important role in the encounter between representatives of different social groups and can add to personality and interpersonal perspectives to group dynamics. Despite their significance, exploration of social identities occurs mainly in the realms of social psychology and post-colonialist theories and not so much in psychoanalysis, which favours the individual perspective over the social. Foulkes, the founder of group analysis, started a revolution in the field of psychoanalysis when he focussed on the social world and its significant influence on development. However, some of his successors argued that due to political and other reasons, Foulkes did not ‘follow through’ with his own theory and in his therapy groups he did not put sufficient emphasis on exploration of social identities and power relations. This article reviews the concept of social identities through four theoretical disciplines: social psychology, psychoanalysis, postcolonial theories and group analysis. A vignette from an analytic group that has been meeting for two years and coped with the meeting of different social identities in the complex Israeli reality will be discussed.

Crisis-driven digitalization and academic success across disciplines.

While the rapid digitalization in higher education, accelerated by the COVID-19 pan- demic, has restructured the landscape of teaching and learning, a comprehensive under- standing of its implications on students' academic outcomes across various academic disciplines remains unexplored. This study, therefore, aims to fill this gap by providing an in-depth examination of the effects of crisis-driven digitalization on student performance, specifically the shift to emergency remote education during the COVID-19 crisis. Lever- aging a panel dataset encompassing 82,694 individual student course grades over a span of six years, we explore the effects of digitalization across nationalities, educational levels, genders, and crucially, academic disciplines. Our findings are threefold: (i) firstly, we note that crisis-driven digitalization significantly impacted students' chances of passing a course and achieving higher course grades in comparison to the pre-crisis period. (ii) Secondly, we found the effect to be heterogeneous across disciplines. Notably, practical disciplines, such as nursing, experienced a negative impact from this sudden shift, in contrast to more theoretical disciplines such as business administration or mathematics, which saw a positive effect. (iii) Lastly, our results highlight significant variations in the impact based on educational levels and nationalities. Master's students had a harder time adapting to the digital shift than their bachelor counterparts, while international students faced greater challenges in less international academic environments. These insights underscore the need for strategic interventions tailored to maximize the potential of digital learning across all disciplines and student demographics. The study aims to guide educators and policymakers in creating robust digital learning environments that promote equitable outcomes and enhance students' learning experiences in the digital age.

How is The Theory of Law Possible? The Subject Area of Legal Theory in A. Reinach's Phenomenological Project

The article discusses Adolf Reinach's legal doctrine project, as presented in his main work 'The Apriori Foundations of Civil Law'. The author explores the subject matter of Reinach's theoretical discipline of law and the apodictic necessity of apriori laws rooted in the essence of legal concepts. The analysis focuses on the nature of apriori laws that are based on the essence of the legal concept and the correlative relation between apriori laws and their corresponding essence. The legal doctrine of Reinach is examined with special attention to its philosophical and methodological consistency, which is conditioned by the phenomenological method during the period of the Munich-Göttingen community. The author examines the differences between the first project of eidetic-phenomenological philosophy of law and the philosophy of positive law. This article demonstrates how the phenomenological theory of cognition, specifically the theory of science, was incorporated into A. Reinach's apriori doctrine of law. To reveal the problem, it is necessary to establish connections between A. Reinach's 'Apriori Foundations of Civil Law' and Edmund Husserl's 'Logical Investigations'. The article concludes that the concept of the apriori doctrine of law represents the realization of Husserl's theory of science as outlined in the 'Logical Investigations'. The article concludes that A. Reinach defined the subject area of the theory of law by attributing it to the intensional being, relying on E. Husserl's understanding of science. It is argued that the oneness of this subject area of legal theory lies in the intensional (essence-correlative) correlation of the essence of legal concepts and their apriori laws. This study's novelty lies in revealing the epistemological aspects of Reinach's eidetic-phenomenological project, which hold methodological value for phenomenological theory of law.

Certain Trends in Instructing Musical Theory Courses Abroad

This article contains an analysis of educational literature on music theory outside of Russia, forming the perceptions of the trends in teaching this subject in Western Europe and America. Using the methods of comparative studies, the author aims to characterize the traditions and innovations of historically established pedagogical styles imprinted in 20th and 21st century textbooks and tutorial manuals. The result of the analysis is the conclusion arrived at about the variability of the subject, volume, structure, and dramaturgy of the courses, as well as the differences in the interpretation of the concepts and terms contained in them. The author of the article emphasizes that the experience of teaching courses on musical and theoretical disciplines outside of Russia has not been sufficiently studied in Russia and, undoubtedly, it should be considered by musicologists in our country when creating manuals pertaining to a new generation.

A ADOÇÃO DA QUÍMICA VERDE NO ENSINO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRO

THE ADOPTION OF GREEN CHEMISTRY IN BRAZILIAN HIGHER EDUCATION. Despite being responsible for many essential products in our daily lives, the chemical industries have not given proper attention to environmental issues for a long time. In the late 90’s, Green Chemistry (GC) emerged as a field of chemistry responsible for dealing with the relationship between the products used and their effects on human health and the environment. However, the employability of GC, in practice, is still incipient due to the little importance given to this field during the training of professionals. In Brazil, without a legislation that collaborates for its insertion, GC struggles to be part of the contents studied and the curricular matrices of higher education courses. This work aimed at revisiting the subject through an analysis of whether Brazilian higher educational institutions are working on disciplines related to Green Chemistry in their courses and how they are doing so. Based on the data obtained, it was noticed that this topic is more present in elective and theoretical disciplines, mainly for postgraduate and teaching training courses, taught predominantly in public institutions located substantially in the Southeast region. Although there are interesting proposals, the number of educational institutions that promote GC in their disciplines is still considered low.

Aesthetics and philosophy of the media: A comparative approach

The text compares and examines the similarities and differences between aesthetics and philosophy of media in the historical context, as well as in the present time. Also, the article establishes the position of aesthetics and philosophy of media in relation to philosophy, that is, metaphysics (ontology), as well as other related theoretical disciplines. Considering the fact that philosophy of media, despite the appearance of its subject in ancient times, is a relatively new and insufficiently researched field of investigation, all the mentioned comparisons can only be taken conditionally, referring to the initial points of view and the current knowledge, available and handled in this field of research. Therefore, the article is a kind of anticipatory ?analysis?, based more on intuition than on rational argumentation, but perhaps it can be useful for future research on this issue.

ПРОЕКТНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ В ОБУЧЕНИИ ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ ДИСЦИПЛИНАМ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОГО ЦИКЛА

The purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities of project activities both in teaching theoretical disciplines at a pedagogical university («Introduction to Literary Studies», «Theory of Literature», «Poetics of Literary Text»), and in extracurricular (research) work. The main stages of work of students at different levels of education (bachelor's, master's, postgraduate) on the projects «Lotman's Semiosphere» and «Matrix of Formalism» are shown. In preparation for the final project, students study the main literature on the relevant scientific problem. Immersing themselves in scientific work, students identify basic theoretical concepts, their definitions, types, and functions. For each work, brief notes are compiled, the provisions of which are algorithmized using visualization tools. The given forms of project implementation within the framework of teaching philological disciplines of the theoretical cycle demonstrate the optimization of the educational process. Students, under the guidance of a supervisor, are involved in comprehending a wide field of scientific and research problems relevant to the modern paradigm of humanitarian knowledge. Project activities make it possible to successfully solve the problems posed in the programs for teaching philological disciplines of the theoretical cycle. The presented experience of design technology can be used not only at a university in teaching theoretical disciplines, but also to solve other methodological and pedagogical problems.

PATTERNS OF FORMATION OF MUSICAL AND PERFORMING CULTURE AMONG STUDENTS OF ARTS FACULTIES DURING MUSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL TRAINING

The article presents and analyzes the results of a ascertaining experiment conducted with the participation of 174 students of the 1st-4th years of bachelor's and master's degrees of three institutions of higher education of Ukraine with the aim of establishing the state of formation of musical and performing culture among students of arts faculties during musical and instrumental training. Emphasis is placed on the need for the theory and methodology of music education in the development of an effective methodology for purposeful formation of musical and performing culture, the mandatory prerequisite of which is the survey of the participants of the ascertainment experiment. The regularities of the manifestation of the studied phenomenon in the process of instrumental training of future specialists are substantiated. It has been proven that the manifestation of the musical and performing culture of future specialists in the process of public interpretation of musical works is proportional to their performing and technical skill and the culture of transformation into their artistic images. It has also been experimentally confirmed that the use by students of art faculties of the knowledge acquired from the study of theoretical disciplines (harmony, polyphony, analysis of musical works, history of music, etc.) in the process of realizing the artistic and aesthetic values of musical works of their own educational repertoire increases the level of manifestation of musical and performing culture of future specialists.Key words: musical and performing culture, students of arts faculties, instrumental training, patterns, indicators, correlation, ascertainment experiment.

TRAINING OF INTERNS IN SURGERY: TODAY’S FEATURES

Summary. The aim: To find the most effective methods of training interns in surgery under conditions of martial law restrictions at the Department of General and Emergency Surgery of the National University of Health of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupika.
 Main part. Training for surgical interns was organized in a mixed format, that is, theoretical disciplines in an online format; and the acquisition of practical skills, the study of which requires access to the patient in an offline format. Distance education was conducted in the remote conference system on the Zoom Video Communications platform, and exchange resources using the cloud services of the Google platform were used. The mailing was carried out via Viber messengers, cellular communication. The educational material fully corresponded to the approved curriculum according to the internship program for intern doctors and the specialty “Surgery”. The content of the lecture material was presented as a PDF presentation. Seminar classes were conducted in the format of an online webinar, the results of test tasks and situational tasks were analyzed. Practical classes were limited to independent study of video materials of educational videos and operations. An interview, Viber messengers, chat, and e-mail were used for the final control of knowledge. In order to master the practical skills of operative interventions, interns in surgery were involved in the treatment process of the departments of the surgical clinical base of the department of the multidisciplinary city clinical hospital No. 6.
 Conclusions. The optimal ways of learning in the intramural cycle of internships in surgery in a mixed form in martial law conditions are a combination of teaching the theoretical part in an online format and acquiring practical skills in mastering surgical interventions through the integration of interns in an off-line format into practical activities in surgical departments of the clinical base of the Department of General and Emergency Surgery of of the National University of Health of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupika.

Educational Computer Games in the Mastering of Theoretical Disciplines by Students of the Medical University

A training game program has been developed and used in the educational process. The program makes it possible to visualize the educational material, immerse the student in the space of his future professional activity. When developing educational games, the teacher must structure the material, visualize it, form evaluation criteria. Software development allows you to develop creative thinking. The use of educational game programs in the educational process is aimed at increasing the level of assimilation of educational material, increasing student motivation and improving the quality of education in general.

Research on the Mathematical Application in Economics

In the field of economics, the research and description of the basic laws of economic operation and economic phenomena should be fully combined with the current relevant mathematical ideas and methods to ensure the standardization and scientificity of the entire economic operation. Mathematics belongs to an important theoretical discipline, which is abstract and logical, and also belongs to a strong tool discipline. Through the analysis of mathematical learning and the actual attributes of economics, we should use certain mathematical methods to carry out quantitative and qualitative analysis on the knowledge points of the whole economy, so as to provide important tool resources for the development of economics. At present, mathematics has become an important part of life, and the relationship between mathematics and the economy is becoming more and more close. In real life, many economic problems need to be solved with mathematical knowledge. This paper summarizes the important role of numbers in economics, and analyzes their specific applications, so that we can have a deeper understanding of mathematical knowledge. In the field of economics, the research and description of the basic laws of economic operation and economic phenomena should be fully combined with the current relevant mathematical ideas and methods to ensure the standardization and scientificity of the entire economic operation. Mathematics belongs to an important theoretical discipline, which is abstract and logical, and also belongs to a strong tool discipline.

Teaching-learning in the pandemic period

The Covid-19 pandemic caused global changes in the teaching-learning process at all levels, including higher education. In view of this scenario, the research carried out aimed to compare the perception of professors and students in relation to the teaching-learning process in face-to-face undergraduate courses in the area of Applied Social Sciences in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, which was carried out in a remote due to the Covid-19 pandemic. For that, a quantitative and descriptive research was used, operationalized through a cross-sectional survey. The sample analyzed was composed of 36 valid respondents, 17 professors and 19 students. For data analysis, Pearson's chi-square test with Monte Carlo adjustment and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. The results showed that the perception of professors and students regarding the remote teaching-learning process differs in terms of prior preparation for said change (p=0.031), indicating that professors had less time/conditions to adapt. The findings also suggest that in the future there will be more remote hours in courses in the mentioned area due to theoretical disciplines, minimization of costs and scope of remote classes.

«Перевернутый» учебный план – это решение или проблема?

<p>The article is devoted to the current problem of reforming higher education in connection with the abolition of the Bologna system. Some experts suggest the idea of an "inverted" plan, where the initial stages of training are devoted to practical disciplines, and theoretical ones are transferred to senior courses. However, this approach raises a number of objections, the most significant of which is that students will not be interested in continuing their studies at all. The authors propose certain measures for the transformation of educational programs, in particular, the modification of the topics of practical classes in theoretical disciplines, the formation of unified sets of mandatory competencies at different levels, the active use of project-based learning, and a change in teaching style. These measures will improve the quality of students' training.</p>

DIFFERENTIATION OF TYPES OF INDIRECT DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN GERMAN DIALOGICAL DISCOURSE

The problems of professional communication are revealed, which in the modern period of human development have become the most urgent problems of applied linguistics. Over the past two decades, such a scientific and theoretical discipline as terminography has appeared. It is substantiated that information technologies are developing so rapidly due to the formation of new terms that organizing this process and responding appropriately to all existing changes in the terminological field is a very difficult task. It is proved that for successful work on overcoming these problems, a clear structured organization of computer vocabulary should be carried out. The components of the computer language are revealed: terminology (literary and non-literary vocabulary (professionalisms and jargons are stylistically expressive and perform an emotional and evaluative function). Each of these lexical layers has its own specific features, range of functioning and scope. The main purpose of computer terminology is considered - the identification of specific components
 of information technology, as well as the structure of the terminological system, which corresponds to the specifics of
 this field of science, and its components that enter into the relationship of antonymy, homonymy and polysemy.

Czech and Polish Mathematicians Facing the Choice Between Transnational and Slavic Contacts

The paper examines the forming of national academic communities in successor states and in the situation after the First World War when scholars (mainly those working in life sciences) participated in the scientific legitimisation of the emerging states. The young generation of scientists faced the question of how prestigious the tradition of contacts with Slavic scholars was and if it was justifiable to limit contacts with German scientists. The author points out the need for examining academic networks, social interaction of scholars, and the transfer of scientific knowledge to qualitatively assess the development of different disciplines of science. Using the example of Czech mathematicians, the author demonstrates their efforts in establishing professional and social contacts with German mathematicians, although in the academic world after the First World War these relations were otherwise officially limited. Czech mathematicians, however, did not want to stay behind in the dynamic development of new theoretical disciplines (e.g. non-Euclidean geometry or topology) and limit the relations to those with their Slavic counterparts, even though the cooperation with the Polish School of Mathematics was still valuable to them. The author of the paper asks to what extent this was the case of the generation of scientists starting their career in the interwar period, namely Václav Hlavatý or Eduard Čech, and concludes that in the history of science it is necessary to distinguish between strategies and social communication of scholars in the disciplines of formal and natural science. The subject is approached from the perspective of transnational history and the formation of Czech and Polish academic networks.

Nursing Students' Academic Performance using the Online Teaching Methods: The Experience from Jordan

Objectives: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all courses shifted to online teaching. This paper aimed to estimate the impact of online vs. face-to-face course delivery on students' Grade Point Average (GPA) and to find if there is any difference in students' GPA based on selected sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 3445 students enrolled in all faculties were included. Paired t-test, independent t, and ANOVA were used to answer research questions. Results: The online GPA was significantly higher than face-to-face GPAs among the total study population. The online GPAs for female students, students in middle years, and those from mainly theoretical fields or faculties were significantly higher than face-to-face GPAs. Conclusion: This study found that online instruction improved the academic performance of some students at certain phases. Online teaching benefited female students, colleges offering largely theoretical knowledge (law, Islamic studies, social studies), and middle-year students. Health and medical faculties were less suited for entirely online instruction. This study proposes online teaching as a valid and effective teaching method equivalent to face-to-face teaching methods under specific criteria: Entirely in theoretical disciplines or as part of programs as standing modules in practical fields, Female and middle-years students, especially those taking theoretical courses. The study also recommends that online teaching is a valid possibility amid extreme weather, health, natural, or political situations. Finally, online teaching should be implemented continuously to prepare staff and students for the application of online teaching during emergencies.

Pedagogical principles of the composer Serhii Turneev

Statement of the problem. If the study of various aspects of teaching by musicians-performers has always been under consideration of scientists, then the question of the method of teaching composition is a poorly covered area. As a rule, the main subject of research is primarily the composer’s musical works. However, understanding the composer’s work and his activity as a whole, in the unity of all components, requires the systematization of his pedagogical principles. In turn, such research can help to evaluate the composer’s work in a new way, especially if it belongs to the modern musical space. Research and publications. The article is based on the works devoted to fixation and transmission of the composer’s experience (Rameau, 1971; Mann, 1971; Dyletsky, 1970/1723; Riemann, 1902; Hindemith, 1984; Messiaen, 1956; Schoenberg, 1999), the memories about composers-teachers (Galas, 2020; Bevz, 2021; Hrabovsky & Shchetynsky, 2017), scientific reference literature (Borysenko et al., 2017). Also, the theoretical basis was created by the works that reveal the concepts of “composition”, “school” (Dmytriyeva, 2018; Siuta, 2008; Kucherenko, 2019). Objectives, methods, novelty of the research. The purpose of the study – a systematization of the pedagogical principles of S. Turnieiev, a composer, teacher, musical and social activist, who made a significant contribution to the development of compositional activity in Luhansk and Kharkiv. The article uses historical, historical-theoretical and biographical research methods. The scientific novelty of the study is that S. Turnieiev pedagogical principles are investigated in the scientific literature for the first time. Results. There are difference between composer and pedagogical principles. If the composer principles are the aesthetic views and technological techniques of the composer himself, so the pedagogical ones are the transformation of the first into creative instructions for the student. In determining the composer’s principles, one can rely on the composer’s works, but the pedagogical principles of the composer can be fined in the works of his students and their memories of his teacher. Different composers prefer the distinct roles of a composition teacher: teachermentor, teacher-friend, teacher-colleague. These roles dictate work approaches. Serhii Turnieiev formulated his own creative guidelines, which defined his pedagogical principles based on a gradual change in role: from the teachermentor to the colleague-composer or even a friend. During this time, the student becomes aware of the composer’s profession syncretic essence, the importance of regular work, and studying traditions and innovations. After graduation, the student becomes a member of the musical community, in which professional and friendly relations should prevail. Conclusion. So, the following S. Turnieiev’s pedagogic principles are revealed and systematized: a) composer is an universal artist; therefore, his education should be broadbased – in addition to special classes, to include in-depth courses in musical and theoretical disciplines (music history, musical analysis, polyphony and harmony), philosophy, cultural studies, and management; b) emotional-rational approach to creating music; c) appeal to heritage and modernity; d) the model “from mentor to colleague / friend” in student-teacher relationships; e) regular and honesty work; e) sociability and friendship within the musical community.