Themes Of Poverty Research Articles

Архитектура литературных смыслов Рецензия на книгу: Якимова Л. П. Поэтика русской литературы в семиологическом освещении / Рос. акад. наук, Сиб. отд-ние, Ин-т филологии. Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН, 2022. 298 с.

The book under review examines the issues surrounding the semiological coverage of Russian literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The focus is on an innovative approach to studying the artistic system, which combines philological, historical, cultural, and religious syncretism in textual research. The research delves into the examination of figurative-motivic complexes and concepts found in the creative works of V. F. Odoevsky, I. A. Goncharov, A. P. Chekhov, and L. M. Leonov. These include motifs like the “cave,” “tower,” “pyramid,” “pit,” themes of poverty and wealth, the smell of sulfur, parables, and games. The examination of spiritual texts and stories involves identifying significant cultural-historical parallels and exploring philosophical concepts by V. S. Solovyov, K. N. Leontiev, N. A. Berdyaev, and others. The book describes and analyzes the images that have become constants of Russian literature. Hermeneutical research principles are innovatively applied with emphasis on the hidden layers of artistic language. The author explores the anaphoric design in I. A. Goncharov’s novels and the symbolic significance of numbers in L. M. Leonov’s works. Comments are provided on the semiotic connections, such as the parallel between the image of a child and the image of the Mother of God, and insightful analysis of intertextual details is performed. The book introduces the material that will be helpful for studying the problems of the history and theory of literature, especially in terms of text formation.

The Representation of Children and the Subject of Poverty in Mark Twains Writing

Abstract. The events of "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and its logical successor "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" by Mark Twain are scientifically examined in this article using the literary studies idea of the unity of space and time. The piece examines the author's distinctive narrating style and distinct method of character movement. The heroes' significant role in the unification of space and time and their essential purpose are detailed in the work's plot.

Exploring the ordinary: migration, sexuality and crime, and the progression of the ‘Agenda’ in Irish women's history, 1850s–1950s

AbstractThis article reflects on some developments in women's history based on the 1992 ‘An agenda for women's history in Ireland, 1500–1900’, particularly responding to the section authored by Maria Luddy, incorporating work grounded in the nineteenth century up to the first half of the twentieth. Specifically, it considers developments in Irish women's social history over the past thirty years on the period from the 1850s to 1950s. The focus is on themes of poverty and migration, crime, and sexuality, which were touched on in the ‘Agenda’ and identified as areas for future research. Analysis on these subjects allows for an insight into lived realities for ‘ordinary’ women. These are areas which reveal the growth and development of historical research and its impact on public narratives and policy. Taking its cue from the ‘Agenda’, this article also identifies other fruitful research topics that could be further explored in future scholarship.

‘No poverty’ - sustainable development goals in the light of Polish statistics and social policy activities

Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the poverty phenomenon indicators in Poland through the prism of sustainable development. The subject of poverty and its consequences is often omitted in the discussion of sustainable development, or simplified only to social issues, yet it is an important aspect of economic development and implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study will cover the problem of poverty in Poland, together with the assessment of the potential of implementation of sustainable development goals in terms of poverty eradication, as well as the issue of the impact of social policy activities on SDGs (named as ‘no poverty’) and household finances, both closely related to the risk of poverty. To achieve the aim of the study the authors use statistical data describing the issues of poverty and changes in this area in the period between 2010 and 2020 (or the most up-to-date data available) based on data from the Central Statistical Office in Poland.

SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS OF POVERTY COMMODIFICATION IN THE REALITY SHOW “UANG KAGET” EPISODE 482 ON GTV

This research is motivated by a reality show with the theme of poverty containing commodification practices that manipulate the show into a form of commodity that is consumed by its viewers. This practice turns poverty into a commodity that is exploited for the benefit of the media industry. This study aims to analyze the commodification of poverty in the reality show “Uang Kaget” episode 482. This study uses a qualitative approach, data was collected through observation and documentation, and it was analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics. The research results show that there is a commodification of poverty content in the visualization of the condition of food, clothing, housing, health, and education in the reality show "Uang Kaget" episode 482. The elements of poverty dominate in each segment of the show by displaying reality in a manipulative way so that it looks close to the real reality. The results of this study are expected to contribute to policy makers regarding reality show content, television show production creators to provide more educational, entertaining, and creative information; television program managers as reference for media policy makers; viewers to participate in supervising shows containing commodification: and the public to be more selective in appreciating television shows.

The Brazilian beef supply chain and food security: a productive inputs view

The alignment of food production systems with the trends and demands of the world population plays an important global role. This study aims to discuss the convergence of trends related to the Brazilian beef cattle supply chain from a food security perspective. Therefore, it includes important reports on the future of this supply chain and its input production, taking on a qualitative approach to consider trends in animal health, genetics, nutrition, forage, and farm machinery in terms of the development of Brazilian agriculture and the future of food and agribusiness. From a managerial point of view, it was possible to provide information capable of leading to a sustainable understanding. Thus, a content analysis of the documents was carried out, coding them through the Sustainable Development Goals and categorizing them by taking into account the 2030 Agenda’s five Ps (people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnerships). Along this line, the discussion highlights the themes of poverty and climate change, emphasizing them with regard to the categorization social aspects – the P of people). Future trends will require a workforce prepared to deal with the additional limitations that can arise with the use of new technologies as productivity increases.

Analysis of Research on the SDGs: The Relationship between Climate Change, Poverty and Inequality

Since its adoption in September 2015, the 2030 Agenda has laid the foundations for a model of shared prosperity for a sustainable world. The current global pandemic highlights profound inequalities affecting our economies, health, and quality of life. For this reason, the aim of this study was to present the current state of scientific research related to inequality, poverty, and climate change, and to propose lines of improvement that can contribute to achieving three of the 17 SDGs (end poverty, SDG 1; reduce inequality, SDG 10; and climate action, SDG 13), proposed in the 2030 Agenda. For this purpose, we undertook a systematic literature review. The results show that the subject of poverty, inequality, and climate change has been little studied or articulated by researchers, and significant differences exist between the different areas studied. The highest number of publications (51.7%) is associated with topics related to sustainability—environment and economics. The remainder are distributed among 12 other research areas. Another relevant finding is that the effects of climate change are more pressing for more vulnerable populations, including impoverished women from rural areas and children from underdeveloped countries. This gender and social inequality has been rarely addressed in studies. Food security and energy poverty is another under-researched area. According to the results obtained in this work, we consider that the circular economy may improve these indicators, constituting a line of future research. Thus, one of the main objectives of this approach is to eliminate negative externalities, specifically the existing social inequalities within the current linear economy model.

Poverty as the Explicit Theme in Aravind Adiga’s Between the Assassinations

Adiga is an influential voice of 21st century India. He depicts the agony of the subjugated class of India. In Between the Assassinations, Adiga presents a vivid picture of lives of the marginalized. The novel contains the theme of poverty, hunger and exploitation of poor as the main theme. The novel is a scrupulous examination of microcosm of India. It is a simmering fury at the wide gulf between the haves and have not’s. The novel provides a glimpse of the India of Darkness through its twelve stories spinning around the assorted aspects of life in the town Kittur. The novel highlights the social and political turmoil of India during 1984 and 1991 and reflects how poverty, the mother evil, gives rise to other evils in the society. The novel contains a wide array of characters from famished person to the richest person of the town, Kittur. It describes the harsh realities of poor villagers who have to but migrate to cities in order to survive and live on the streets.

Food poverty in Tuscany: local public policies and (good) practices

Despite the reduction of hunger on an international scale, particularly in areas traditionally characterized by malnutrition, recent years have seen an increase in problems relating to food access precisely in those countries which considered themselves immune from such problems. This paper presents reflections on the theme of poverty and malnutrition based on studies conducted in Tuscany. The principal theoretical and historical aspects that characterize this phenomenon are analysed in the first section. In the second section, we discuss the instruments put in place to combat poverty and malnutrition on the national and local levels in Italy, highlighting their strong and weak points. The life-stories of 43 people subject to malnutrition and who benefit from anti-poverty measures in Tuscany are analysed in the third section. The final section is dedicated to a critical interpretation of measures set up to combat poverty in Tuscany, and of the system of production and distribution of food among the most disadvantaged social classes.

Abordagens qualitativas em estudos sobre pobreza: uma revisão estruturada da literatura

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise bibliométrica e identificar as técnicas qualitativas utilizadas nas pesquisas sobre pobreza no período de 2015 a 03 de março de 2020, além de discutir as principais vantagens e desvantagens associadas a essas técnicas. Para tanto, foi utilizada a base de dados SCOPUS da qual foram identificados os estudos mais relevantes, os periódicos que mais publicaram sobre o assunto, e construído um quadro com os objetivos e técnicas qualitativas utilizadas pelos autores, a partir de 43 artigos científicos, publicados em 38 periódicos e escritos por 121 autores e co-autores. Constatou-se que as pesquisas qualitativas sobre o tema da pobreza distinguem-se de acordo com o público e a localidade alvo, não havendo um padrão de técnicas utilizadas, as quais dependerão dos problemas e objetivos da pesquisa, porém algumas técnicas foram mais comumente utilizadas como observação em campo, observação participante, entrevistas em profundidade, grupo focal, análise de conteúdo e análise temática. As técnicas qualitativas possibilitaram aos pesquisadores o entendimento em profundidade das experiências e comportamentos dos grupos investigados, a identificação de constructos emergentes e a (re)construção de suas percepções sobre os objetos/problemas de pesquisa, contribuindo para a apreensão das causas e efeitos da pobreza em toda a sua complexidade. A impossibilidade de generalização dos resultados, a necessidade de investigações longitudinais que exigem grande dispêndio de tempo e recursos financeiros, a impossibilidade de conhecer a amostra, a veracidade das informações e de captação de narrativas não verbais nas pesquisas em mídias sociais foram algumas limitações identificadas.

İÇİMİZDEN BİRİ: ŞAİR ŞEMSİ BELLİ VE ŞİİRİ

Şemsi Belli son dönem (1950-2000) Türk şiirinin şairlerinden biridir. Şiiri insanların ürettiği kavramların insanüstü bir çaba ile değerlendirilmesi ve yorumlanması olarak gören şair; hece vezni ile yazdığı şiirler üzerinden Beş Hececiler’e, vezinsiz ve kafiyesiz serbest şekil ile yazdığı şiirleri ile de 1. Yeni de dediğimiz Garip akımına yakın bir şiir anlayışını benimser. Şiirlerinde folklor unsurlarından bolca yararlanan şair, halkın duyuş, düşünüş ve yaşayış tarzını da şiirlerine yansıtır. Güneydoğu ağzı ile yazdığı Anayasso adlı şiiri ile Zap suyunun üzerine köprü yapılmasını sağlayan şair, yoksulluk ve yozlaşma başta olmak üzere sosyal; kadın ve aşk konuları başta gelmek üzere de bireysel konularda, sadelik güzeldir felsefesini temsil eden şiirler kaleme almış, bu şiirlerin 11 kadarı bestelenmiştir.Betimsel tarama modeli ve belge çözümleme yöntemi ile şiirlerinin incelenip değerlendirildiği bu makalede Şemsi Belli’nin hayatı, edebî kişiliği, eserleri ve şiirlerinin konuları ile şiirlerinde halkbiliminden yararlanma özellikleri ve örnekleri üzerinde durulmuştur.

Themes and Techniques in James Joyce’s Clay

James Joyce, a prolific Irish writer of his age. ‘Clay’ from Dubliner is known for its varied themes and techniques. It renders captivating opportunities for the readers to present his/her own perception of symbolism to ‘Clay’. Joyce has displayed a double level of symbolism structure which he explicitly managed to handle paradoxical symbolic element simultaneously. The title ‘Clay’ itself has a symbolic meaning – in the human world it has less worth but this unworthy element has the capacity to mould to any given shape. Maria, the protagonist is a symbolic representation of Clay at one level and Mother Ireland at another level. Themes of poverty, triggered social relationships are shown through the technique of symbolism.

Vidas indestrutíveis: micropolíticas da pobreza na vida homossexual

Por meio das composições teóricas estabelecidas por Foucault sobre poder, tecnologia de poder e discurso, Guattari, Deleuze e Rolnik formularam uma nova perspectiva de articulação teórica ao perceberem que, em meio às relações privadas existem micropolíticas que se corporificam como forças normalizadoras dos comportamentos e desejos humanos. Embasada nesses pressupostos, esta pesquisa articulou os temas de pobreza e homossexualidade, buscando pensar como as vidas homossexuais são negadas e inseridas nas condições precárias fomentadas pelos discursos que condicionam a homossexualidade. A metodologia nesta produção se diversifica entre uma revisão bibliográfica conceitual e uma análise de cenas de vidas homossexuais que encadeiam juntas uma produção onde se verifica as ações de assujeitamento sobre essas vidas e suas resistências/reações. Foram selecionados três depoimentos, encontrados em fragmentos de falas de uma entrevista concedida por Pablo Vittar ao canal Trip Tv, e mais duas encontradas em narrativas de uma outra produção feita pelo autor no ano de 2013. A ideia de Vidas Indestrutíveis busca mostrar como se engendram micropolíticas que conduzem os sujeitos homossexuais a condições de precarização, e como essa, enquanto campo minado de sujeição de seus corpos, produz resistências e linhas de fuga para que sobrevivam em meio as conduções normativas de suas vidas.

Five Poems

A grandmother’s lost leg. A mother’s scarred sacrum. A daughter transformed into stone. In these five poems, history dwells in the body, the past deep in the bone. Confronting themes of poverty, intimate partner violence, and childhood sexual trauma, the poems speak to the varying ways the poet and women in her family have insisted on survival. These poems bear shifts in landscape and language, namely, from St. Lucia to the United States, from Antillean Creole to American English. Part of a manuscript in progress, the poems seek to probe inherited and lived-through pain so as to move the spirit ever more deeply toward healing, wholeness, and promise.

STEREOTYPING, VICTIMIZATION AND DEPOLITICIZATION IN THE REPRESENTATIONS OF SYRIAN REFUGEES

This paper studies the representational constructions of the image of Syrian refugee in newspaper photographs and discusses the processes in which the Syrian refugee is victimized, stereotyped and depoliticized through representation. It analyses Syrian refugee photographs published between 2011 and 2015 in five Turkish newspapers. Working within visual sociological and constructivist perspectives, and synthesizing content and visual analyses, the study first dwells upon the universal “ideal victim” profile mentioned in victimology studies, then reveals that the image of Syrian refugee is predominantly constructed as “victim” in the analyzed newspaper photographs. The study elaborates that refugees’ victimhood is represented through different themes of suffering, which appear around the themes of poverty, displacement, the need, and loss and pain. Then the victimization of the refugee is problematized and discussed under two main arguments. The first argument discusses that the prevalence of the victim discourse in Syrian refugee photographs is achieved through the technique of stereotyping, which reproduces the universal image of the refugee as weak and vulnerable, regardless of time and context. The second argument discusses that victimization works as a device for depoliticization, which imagines the refugee only as weak and powerless rather than a subject with political agency who produces action and results. The paper concludes that victimization and depoliticization produce a disparity between the lived experiences of the refugee (who has survived a war) and the representations of the refugee (who is a powerless war victim).

Scheffler’s autopsy of poverty in the biblical text: Critiquing land expropriation as an elitist project

The theme of poverty has recently dominated various scholarly platforms, including academic presentations and public debates. Nevertheless, it has emerged that the rhetoric about poverty reduction seems to be the project of the elite who apparently write and speak on behalf of the poor. The plight of the majority of the poor is problematised so that transformation is superficially democratised with the ultimate aim of benefitting the elite. The present study reflects on Eben Scheffler’s contributions on poverty and the poor in the Old Testament books of the Pentateuch, the Psalms and the Proverbs. Although this study refers to Scheffler’s other works on poverty from time to time, particular attention is paid to four of them, namely, (1) ‘The poor in the Psalms: A variety of views’; (2) ‘Of poverty prevention in the Pentateuch as a continuing contemporary challenge’; (3) ‘Poverty in the Book of Proverbs: Looking from above’; (4) ‘Pleading poverty (or identifying with the poor for selfish reasons): On the ideology of Psalm 109’. Scheffler points out that it was the ancient Israelite elite who played the role of writing and speaking on behalf of the poor. It is essential to note that Scheffler’s thrust is not an appropriation exercise, although in some places he makes reference to the ‘contemporary world’. Thus, the present study attempts to explore the land debate in our contemporary world, with a special focus on South Africa’s (SA) land expropriation without compensation (LEWIC) debate and the foiled fast-track land reform programme in Zimbabwe, as elitist projects. The Zimbabwean Fast-Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) was a prototype of LEWIC in SA. It is argued that the poor rural communities in Zimbabwe continue to languish in poverty in a country endowed with abundant natural resources, including land. The study argues that land allocation in Zimbabwe benefitted the elite.

A Tale of Two Hispanic Migrants: Lessons in Building Educational Leadership Traits

This inquiry was initiated to delve into the lived experiences of migrant workers and how the themes of poverty, language, cultural differences, mobility, parental support, and mentorship are related to concepts of leadership within educational institutions. Investigators mined for bilingual leadership skills learned by two Latino migrants who made it from the tolling in the agricultural fields of the United States to high levels of educational excellence and leadership in bilingual and multicultural education. These lessons, communicated via personal testimonies, provide much-needed insight for the recruitment of future educational leaders who can use their Latino heritage to build bridges of bilingual educational excellence in the educational systems. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.3.2

Çağdaş Türk Resminde Fakirlik Temasına Köy ve Kent Perspektifinden Bir Bakış: Neşet Günal ve Neş’e Erdok

Beyond being a term in economics, poverty is a reality with which individuals and societies try to come up by developing some methods and which also determines their life styles. Through artistic works, the term poverty can be converted either into a reality which reflects people and their living conditions or into a theme to do a social criticism. She has made drawings of poor people in her paintings such as Konfeksiyon İşçisi (A Worker in Clothing Industry), Berber Çırağı (Apprentice in Barber Shop), Plastik Çiçek Satıcısı (Seller of Plastic Flowers), Cikletçi (Gum Seller), Saltanat (Sultanate), Ağbi Gazete (Brother Newspaper). These paintings exhibit part of the urban life. In this vein, Neş’e Erdok uncovers this difference by presenting a view of the city in which people of different statues and classes live together. This study deals with how the theme of poverty in terms of rural and urban regions is treated in Turkish painting through the perspectives of Neşet Günal and Neş’e Erdok.

Los laboratorios 300 y 400: Propuesta y contenidos para abordar el tema de la pobreza en la formación de trabajadores sociales

El propósito de este artículo es describir, en breve, la propuesta de formación de alumnos de segundo año de la carrera de Trabajo Social de la UCSH en el tema de la pobreza, denominados Laboratorios 300 y 400. La Pobreza, en este contexto, es vista a partir del enfoque del Desarrollo Sustentable, el que a su vez, es abordado en relación con la exclusión social, conceptualizada como expresión de insustentabilidad de un modelo centrado en el crecimiento económico. Asimismo, se pretende que los alumnos incorporen el Desarrollo Sustentable como una matriz de análisis de la realidad social y de orientación para la acción profesional, que interrelacione distintas dimensiones que atañen el desarrollo de una sociedad, a saber: la dimensión política, cultural, ambiental y social, siendo ésta última la que se aborda con mayor énfasis. La aproximación metodológica al mundo de la pobreza, va desde un acercamiento personal y directo con una persona afectada por ella, hasta una crítica a los métodos actualmente empleados en nuestro país para medirla.

Introduction: Person‐Centered Approaches in the Study of Culture and Poverty

AbstractThis introduction to a special collection of articles on the theme of poverty and personhood provides an overview of the collection's response to recent calls for a reconsideration of culture in urban poverty studies. We argue that such a reconsideration must confront two theoretical problems if it is to be successful. First, the analyses must make a sustained effort to define clearly the theoretical model of “culture” used in the analyses and why this theoretical perspective is illuminative without reproducing the problematic uses of culture in past scholarship. Second, this reconsideration must come to terms with the problematic relationship between culture and human subjectivities. The remainder of the article describes how this special collection addresses these two concerns by bringing together recent innovations in person‐centered ethnography that draws considerably from psychodynamic theory, phenomenology, and a theory from cognitive anthropology that replaces bounded cultures with variably distributed, affectively imbued cultural models. Cultural models also include expectations about others’ judgments. This introductory article concludes by highlighting four contributions the accompanying research articles make as a collection to the question of how we might better understand the relation of culture and human subjectivity in the study of urban poverty.