Russian Texts Research Articles

Методи запобігання ефекту екранування напружень в системі імплантат–кістка (Огляд)

Automatic Welding, 2023, №01. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

Сучасні моделі утворення зварних з’єднань полімерних матеріалів (Огляд)

Automatic Welding, 2023, №01. Journal «AVTOMATICHESKAYA SVARKA» Monthly scientific-technical and production journal. ISSN: 0005-111X, Since 1948. Russian version of «The PATON Welding Journal» Text in Russian, contents and summaries in English. The Journal presents a wide range of scientific-technical and promotion information in the field of technologies, equipment and materials for welding, surfacing, brazing, and deposition of protective coatings.

Nikolai Gogol: Performing Hybrid Identity by Yuliya Ilchuk

Reviewed by: Nikolai Gogol: Performing Hybrid Identity by Yuliya Ilchuk Timothy Langen Nikolai Gogol: Performing Hybrid Identity. By Yuliya Ilchuk. Toronto and London: University of Toronto Press. 2021. xvi+ 267 pp. $52.50. ISBN 978-1-4875-0825-8. From the beginning of his career to our day, Gogolʹ's works have generated highly charged interpretative fields, and in recent years, 'Russian' and 'Ukrainian' have [End Page 148] been two of the most powerful hermeneutic magnets. With this monograph, Yuliya Ilchuk subjects both terms to dynamic, historicizing analysis. By her reading, Gogolʹ's national identity is not fixed but rather constituted (at least partially) in performance, before heterogeneous audiences, with multiple cultural and linguistic codes, giving rise to gestures and texts capable of generating divergent interpretation. Her focus is not on classifying Gogolʹ as essentially 'Russian' or 'Ukrainian', or as first one and then the other, but rather on the constant (and constantly shifting) interpenetration of these categories in the contexts in which Gogolʹ enacted his own literary and personal identity. This book is methodologically and theoretically ambitious. The chapters treat, in order, the history of Ukrainian elites in the Russian empire; Gogolʹ's varying self-presentation in the 1830s; the distribution of Ukrainian and Russian (and hybridized) lexical, syntactic, and idiomatic elements among the narrators of his Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka (1831); the interaction of various languages and linguistic markers (especially Russian, Ukrainian, German, and Yiddish) in Gogolʹ's writing and in Russian cultural and political debates during his career; the changes he made to Taras Bulba and Dead Souls (both 1842); and the posthumous treatment of his texts in Russian, Soviet, and Ukrainian contexts. Ilchuk brings considerable theoretical sophistication to bear on these topics; she is as ready to see in Gogolʹ's self-conscious linguistic hybridity a challenge to Bourdieu (p. 71) as she is to find in Greenblatt's and Bhabha's paradigms a useful framework for reading Gogolʹ. Equally well managed is her use of large data sets for stylistic analysis, with technical appendices giving extra information about her methodology. The results support her overall argument that Ukrainian and Russian elements do not simply coexist in Gogolʹ's texts, but rather operate in varying manners and proportions according to audience and occasion. In addition to this lexical corpus analysis, Ilchuk draws attention to a kind of dual coding whereby (typically) a Russian reader will receive one sort of message from Gogolʹ and/or his narrator(s), while a Ukrainian reader or listener will hear something different. Both the early Dikanka tales and the later revisions of Taras Bulba and Dead Souls have this property, as she argues. One sign of the value of a book like this is the way it can reframe arguments which its subject does not address directly. Ilchuk repeatedly emphasizes performativity—Gogolʹ's social manners, his sartorial and coiffuristic gestures, and his deviations from literary Russian grammar and usage. Readers of Boris Eikhenbaum's 1919 article 'How Gogolʹs Overcoat Is Made' (repr. in Gogol from the Twentieth Century: Eleven Essays, ed. and trans. by Robert A. Maguire (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974), pp. 267-91) will recognize a similar claim here but with new light cast on it. Eikhenbaum's Gogolʹ is irrepressibly performative and creative, rather than concerning himself with what one might call 'content'. For Ilchuk, performance is how Gogolʹ engages content. It is hard to think what more this book could do. Devoted to the topic of identity in its dizzying complexity, it is theoretically sophisticated, clearly and engagingly written, methodologically bold, and rich in detail. Ultimately Ilchuk's aim, in the best spirit of the theorists whose ideas she mobilizes, is not only to provide an objective [End Page 149] analysis of an acuvre, idiom, and life, but also to show its positive generative potential. She succeeds. Timothy Langen University of Missouri Copyright © 2023 Modern Humanities Research Association

Структура субстантивно-предложных синтагм в англоязычном тексте патента

Substantive-prepositional syntagmas in the English text of the patent are chosen as the subject of research. We set the task of determine to what extent this type of syntagmatics is typical for the chosen genre and present a typological description of structures based on the N+of+N core model. The relevance of the tasks set is determined by the insufficient knowledge of the categorical, linguistic and discursive features of such structures in English speech in general and in the texts of patent documentation in particular. The basis of the empirical research, carried out on the material of two corpora of texts, is the methods of syntagmatic, constructive, comparative and statistical analysis. The frequency of substantive-prepositional syntagmas in comparison with other types of compound nominative units and individual features that distinguish prepositional combinations from lexical syntagmas have been established. Design features of syntagmas are revealed; the syntactic processes of distribution of simple structures are described, the most significant of which are development, expansion, accession; the specifics of the implementation in these processes of such methods of distribution as lexical and syntactic, allied and non-union, adjective and substantive are determined. The obtained results supplement the information about syntagmatics as a sign of the genre and style of the text. They can serve as a basis for further research in the field of syntagmatics of English speech and find application in teaching English for professional purposes, as well as in a comparative analysis of original and parallel texts in Russian.

ПЕРЕВОД КУЛЬТУРЫ В РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОМ ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ НЕРУССКОГО АВТОРА

The article examines a special translation of ethnic culture carried out by a non-Russian bilingual writer in a Russianlanguage fiction text. The authors hypothesize about a special kind of cultural translation that is not considered within the framework of academic translation studies. This type of translation is carried out by a non-Russian bilingual author who creates artistic texts in Russian about the culture of the people to whom s/he belongs by right of birth. Theoretical substantiations are summarized, which, from the point of view of the authors of the article, can serve as an evidence base for the hypothesis put forward. The most relevant theoretical foundations are the works of Y. M. Lotman, G. D. Gachev, G. P. Melnikov.

Людмила Алексеевна Вербицкая: «украинский старт» российского филолога

The activities of the prominent Russian organizer of science, scientist, and teacher of higher education, Lyudmila Alekseevna Verbitskaya (Bubnova), are extremely relevant. Studying of her experience allows us to form an effective work algorithm for our contemporary seeking to make a personal contribution to the development of national science and education. To conduct the study, the authors have used such methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, as well as a number of purely historical methods: historical-systemic, comparative, retrospective. The publication is to analyze the previously unpublished documents from the archive of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University on Lyudmila Bubnova’s stay in the Lviv Children’s Labour Colony, where criminals and children of repressed Soviet citizens were kept together. Lyudmila Alekseevna Verbitskaya is a famous Russian philologist and organizer of science, the only female rector in the history of the St. Petersburg State University. Lyudmila Alekseevna began her career in Ukraine, being admitted to the Ivan Franko Lviv State University from the Lviv Children's Labor Colony, where she was kept as the daughter of an “enemy of the people.” The article is based on unique archival documents that permit to analyze the initial formation of the future philologist; among them L. A. Bubnova’s handwritten autobiography (1953), petition of the head of the department of children's colonies of the Lviv region, Major Chumakov, to the rector of the Ivan Franko Lviv State University for her admission to the faculty of philology (department of Russian philology), L. Bubnova's texts in Russian and Ukrainian written for entrance examination in the university, documentary data on her grades at entrance examination in Russian language and literature, Ukrainian language, history of the USSR, geography, and foreign language. Of interest is her personal data sheet, her academic certificate for the first year at the university with results of 8 exams and tests in the first semester and 12 tests and exams in the second semester, as well as her coursework. The authors conclude that the “Lviv period” in her life and education gave L. A. Verbitskaya (Bubnova) a launching pad for her future scientific and administrative career.

Genre features of modern Chinese publicistic texts and issues of their linguistic analysis

The present article deals with genre specifics of journalistic texts in the past as well as nowadays, as well as with some issues of applying predication-based language concept to analyzing journalistic texts in Chinese. The article shows that the journalistic genre which according to some experts has lost its importance has risen to prominence again in Russian as well as in foreign press. The article also deals with specific features of journalistic texts in Chinese language published in leading newspapers of the People’s Republic of China. The author also analyses the phenomenon of referencing to precedent texts in the PRC press. It’s shown that the percentage of that kind of references in texts in Chinese is significantly lower than this in journalistic texts in Russian, it’s caused by the differences between this two language speakers’ communities. This being noted, the author also points to the phenomenon of form itself being precedent which is a common one for PRC press. The article shows that the principles of predication-based language concept can be successfully applied in order to achieve solution to this scientific problem. Particularly, if a Chinese text is metaphoric, which we understand as having the so-called “non-banal metaphors” in it, this can be a serious argument in favor of classifying it as a journalistic one. In the applied section of the article the author analyses texts of several articles in Chinese language and classifies language features that can serve as an argument in favour of describing these articles as journalistic ones.

The Russian, the Yiddish and the Hebrew Drafts of Sh. An-sky’s “Dybbuk”

Today, three drafts of “The Dybbuk” are known, all in different languages: An-sky’s authored texts in Russian (1915) and in Yiddish (1919), and the Hebrew translation of the play made by Kh.N. Bialik (1917). Other drafts existed but have not been preserved. The author compares the three drafts and shows that the reworking the play underwent was consistent. The 1915 draft was a play with a clear plot, which was fascinating mainly due to its folklore sources, whereas the 1919 draft was a modern drama work. The 1915 play was aimed at Russian readers or assimilated Jews, whom An-sky intended to familiarize with the traditional Jewish culture. The latter two had a different audience: Jewish readers, who could read Hebrew or Yiddish fluently, were well-versed in the Jewish sacred texts and at the same time acquainted with modernist literature.

What Has Changed Za Eti Paru Desyatkov Let (‘Over These Two Couples of Decades’) in the Agreement

The research conducted on Russian written texts studies the phenomenon of the mass use of the plural form of attributes in the case of their agreement with the word form para as part of a quantitative-nominal turn with the meaning of an indefinite quantity. This meaning of the word para is realized when combined with dependent words denoting time periods. The author notes the most frequent constructions with various prepositional-nominals forms of the noun para, in which there are fluctuations in the choice of the grammatical number of the attribute. The research material is media and literary texts in Russian. The sources of the research are the National Corpus of the Russian Language and the electronic media bank Integrum (Media Archive service). The reasons for the speaker's preferential choice of the plural form (za eti paru let) instead of the normative singular are primarily linguistic. The effect of the tendency to semantic agreement and the analogy with the type of agreement implemented in the case of semantically similar turns neskol’ko dney, dva-tri dnya that require an attribute in a plural form belong to them. Extralinguistic factors are also important, and one of them is the reproduction of an error in a text repeatedly reprinted in various media. The study also examines the choice of the numerical form of the predicate with the subject para dney (let, etc.), which, as in the case of the attributes, varies. The author interprets the detected anomalies in the form of unexpressed grammatical markers of gender and case, which are clearly not of a singular nature, as a process of lexicalization of a turn with the word para ‘a few’.

Генерация изображений рукописного текста на русском языке

Automatic handwriting recognition is an important component in the process of electronic documents analysis, but its solution is still far from ideal. One of the main reasons for the complexity of Russian handwriting recognition is the insufficient amount of data used to train recognition models. Moreover, for the Russian language the problem is more acute and is exacerbated by a large variety of complex handwriting. This paper explores the impact of various methods of generating additional training datasets on the quality of recognition models: the method based on handwritten fonts, the StackMix method of gluing words from symbols, and the use of a generative adversarial network. A font-based method for creating images of handwritten text in Russian has been developed and described in this work. In addition, an algorithm for the formation of a new Cyrillic handwritten font based on the existing images of handwritten characters is proposed. The effectiveness of the developed method was tested using experiments that were carried out on two publicly available Cyrillic datasets using two different recognition models. The results of the experiments showed that the developed method for generating images made it possible to increase the accuracy of handwriting recognition by an average of 6%, which is comparable to the results of other more complex methods. The source code of the experiments, the proposed method, as well as the datasets generated during the experiments are posted in the public domain and are ready for download.

АСПЕКТУАЛЬНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ НАРРАТИВА В РУССКОМ И ЧЕШСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ: ДОМИНАНТЫ И ДИСКУРСИВНЫЕ ВАРИАНТЫ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ

The subject of research in this article is narrative texts in Russian and Czech, which are compared in order to determine the specifics of the aspectual models of narrative in each language and the regularities of integration of interpretive mechanisms in artistic discourse. The comparison is carried out with the help of the Czech-Russian parallel subcorpus of the Czech National Corpus. In both languages, the dominant forms here are the perfective past tense forms, but significant differences in the combination of aspect forms have also been identified. In Czech, more often than in Russian, one or more resultant actions included in the narrative are represented as an ongoing process by means of non-perfective verbs. Our study confirms the assumptions of cognitive linguistics about the dual role of grammatical categorization, simultaneously directed at the world around us and the world of language, and allows us to clarify the mechanism of alignment and interaction of these aspects of categorization. On the one hand, the categorical semantics of the verb aspect and perfective and non-perfective forms fixes the cultural-historical specificity of perceiving the denoted elements of the dynamic world by the speech community. On the other hand, the grammatical conceptualization is influenced by the intrasystemic relations between verb categories and forms. Besides, differences in national discourse traditions have been revealed between the compared languages, namely the influence of the style of old epic poems on the pragmatic potential of preterit forms in modern Russian.

Digital ethics challengers in Russian and English media texts: Migrant discourse case study

With digital technologies penetrating all spheres of life, the problem of digital ethics has become one of the most perspective and widely researched tasks of modern science and linguistics in particular. Digitalization influences the processes of media communication, which requires development of certain ethical standards in virtual environment. The given study aims at analysing and comparing digital ethics in Russian and English media texts. Within the framework of this study, digital etiquette is seen as a continuation of speech etiquette aimed at neutralizing aggression towards vulnerable members of society in the online environment. Using a combination of methods, namely sentiment analysis and analysis of lexical associations, messages about migrants in social networks, forums, blogs, instant messengers and microblogs were analyzed. The sentiment orientation of the text was determined using an automatic text analysis program and subsequent linguistic expertise. For this study we collected social media data of 8,478,629 characters (VKontakte, Odnoklassniki, YouTube, etc.). For the analysis of English-language media texts, iWeb data on the input word migrant was collected. The total volume of the analyzed English-language Internet messages is 1,185,200 characters. Migrant discourse in Russian and English social media texts is polythematic. The results show that negative and neutral tone prevail in English media texts while in Russian there are neutral, positive and negative texts. In English media texts, there are messages expressing solidarity with migrants. At the same time, the problems of ethnic intolerance and religious stereotyping still require consideration and further development of regulatory tools.

To the origins of historical phraseography: Stable сompound сomplexes in “Materials for the dictionary of the Old Russian language” by I. I. Sreznevsky

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage of I. I. Sreznevsky in connection with actively developing now historical phraseology and historical phraseography, the urgent problem of which is creation of the phraseological dictionaries of the language of pre-national period. The purpose of the paper is to study the retrospective of Russian and Slavonic historical phraseography, so it deals with the systematical and full research of stable compound complexes that have become the subject of description in Sreznevsky’s “Materials for the Dictionary of Old Russian language”, techniques and methods of their lexicographic interpretation, as well as the theoretical position of Sreznevsky as a lexicographer and one of founders of Russian phraseology. It is concluded that in the history of lexicography a bright representative of Petersburg Philological school Sreznevsky not only created the first historical dictionary of Old Russian texts, but also put the base of historical phraseography, since his dictionary is the first experience of describing the diachronic state of phraseology. The study of stable complexes presented in Sreznevsky’s dictionary, fulfiled with methods of phraseological identification, component, grammatical and lexicographic definitions analysis within general historical and systematic approaches, showed variety of linguistic material: idiomatics, traditional formulas, equivalents of Greek words, stable prepositional combinations, complex terms and names, compound proper names, proverbial expressions. Their interpretation outlines principles of lexicographic description of stable combinations in a historic dictionary and identifies important controversial issues (phraseology selection and explanation, the combination of linguistic and encyclopedic approaches, the representation of variability and synonymy of phraseology, the place of phraseology in a dictionary entry, etc.).

Language-based transfer learning approaches for part-of-speech tagging on Saint Petersburg Corpus of Hagiographic texts (SKAT)

The article describes an experiment about training a part-of-speech tagger using artificial neural networks on the St. Petersburg Corpus of Hagiographic Texts (SKAT), which is being developed at the Department of Mathematical Linguistics of St. Petersburg State University. The corpus includes the texts of 23 manuscripts dating from the 15th–18th centuries with about 190,000 words usages, four of which were labelled manually. The bi-LSTM, distilled RuBERTtiny2 and RuBERT models were used to train a POS tagger. All of them were trained on modern Russian corpora and further fine-tuned to label Old Russian texts using a technique called language transfer. To fine-tune transformer-based language models it was necessary to tokenize the texts using byte pair encoding and map tokens from the original Russian-language tokenizer to the new one based on indices. Then the model was fine-tuned for the token classification task. To fine-tune the model, a tagged subcorpus of three hagiographical texts was used, which included 35,603 tokens and 2,885 sentences. The experiment took into account only the tags of the parts of speech, the classification included seventeen tags, thirteen of which corresponded to parts of speech, and the remaining four marked punctuation marks. To evaluate the quality of the model, the standard metrics F1 and Accuracy were used. According to automatic evaluation metrics, the RuBERT model showed the best result. Most of the errors were related to incorrect generalization of linear position patterns or to the similarity of word forms in both the extreme left and extreme right positions.

Names of Pogosts and the Origins of the Term Pogost in the Oikonymy of the Russian North: Chronology and Evolution

The article considers the composite oikonyms of the Russian North that include the term pogost, as well as the naming patterns used for the settlements defined as “pogosts” in the registers of the late 19th — early 20th centuries. The author provides a brief overview of the history of the word pogost in the Russian language and examples of its first attestations in Old Russian texts. The analysed data were retrieved from the settlement registers of the Olonets (for 1873 and 1905), Arkhangelsk (1859), Vologda (1859) and Novgorod (1911–1912) provinces, as well as, for later times, from the collection of field materials of the Ural University Toponymic expedition (1960s–2010s). As additional sources, the author used data from the Karelian Toponyms Card Index (Institute of Language, Literature and History of the KarSC of the RAS) and historical maps. The study found that, despite the disappearance of the corresponding administrative unit, the term pogost is still used in the oikonymy of the Russian North (in modern field data collections, there are records of about 150 settlement names that include this term). However, the spread of the word pogost in the oikonymy of the Russian North turns out to be uneven: most of the names are attested in the west of this territory that was formerly part of the Olonets and Novgorod provinces, and largely reflects the distribution that developed in the mid-19th century, which indicates to the stability of the oikonymic system. The article also discusses the naming patterns for the settlements defined as “pogosts” in the settlement registers of the late 19th — early 20th centuries. It is noted that the Vologda and Novgorod provinces were characterized by a two-component pattern, in which one word referred to a local toponym (most often to a river name or an oikonym), and the other to the name of the local church: Raslovsky-Voskresensky pogost (near the Raslavka river), Spaso-Nuromsky pogost (near the Nurma river) and many others. In the Olonets and Arkhangelsk provinces, a one-component pattern was more frequent; interestingly, in the Olonets province, the name of the pogost often coincided with the name of the corresponding parish or the rural community: Megorsky pogost, Undozersky pogost, etc. The author analyses the process of displacement of the term pogost from the settlement names, many of which were gradually replaced with toponyms Popovka, Popovskoe, Popovskaya with the general meaning of ‘related to clergy’. On the territory of the Vologda and Novgorod provinces, this process can already be seen from the settlement registers of the mid-19th century.

Работа А. Н. Островского с древнерусскими источниками в двух редакциях драмы «Козьма Захарьич Минин, Сухорук»

The problem of Old Russian sources’ using in historical dramas by A. N. Ostrovsky has been raised many times in literary studies. However, the works devoted to the study of the changes made in the second version of the play “Kozma Zakharyich Minin, Sukhoruk” did not include an analysis of differences in the approach to ancient Russian materials. The article provides the comparative analysis of playwright versions in terms of the use of facts, images, stylistic means dating back to the Russian medieval monuments. The analysis of the texts led to the conclusions that about the reducing the number of historical facts and of direct arrangments of Old Russian texts, therefore, the sequence and the details of the narration decreased in the second version. The monologues of the characters reflecting the religious views of the Middle Ages were removed, so the ideological and psychological motivation of character’s actions became weaker. The love line, nonexistent in the sources, became consistent and complete. The role of some fictional characters associated with the Old Russian tradition has changed. As a result, in the second version the personal destinies of historical and fictional characters came to the fore instead of the epoch-making events of the 17th century. Rearranging of the accents changed the genre of the play: from a “dramatic chronicle” it turned into a historical drama.

LINGUISTIC AND PRAGMATIC ASPECTS OF THE POLITENESS CATEGORY IN CHESS LITERATURE (in German and Russian languages)

The article studies linguistic expression of politeness and its pragmatic value in chess literature, focusing on works by Z. Tarrash, A. Nimzowitsch and A. Alekhine. In the beginning of the 20th century, authors of books on chess aimed at popularizing the game among amateurs, as well as engaging in arguments with other chess players. Accordingly, the studied texts represent a number of techniques for expressing politeness towards the reader and towards the players whose games are analyzed. Politeness in regard to a participant of a game can be expressed by a compliment in relation to a strong move, as well as in “polite surprise” at a bad decision taken by a strong chess player. Politeness towards the reader includes direct address, sometimes using ritual formulas, unobtrusive advice, and various techniques of authorial distancing as an indicator of modesty. A method specific to chess literature is referring to the participants of a game as Weiß/белые (‘white’) and Schwarz/черные (‘black’), even if one of the sides is the author of the commentary. Another way is using plural pronouns instead of singular, which is characteristic of the scientific style. In Russian texts, there are also cases of distancing through the use of impersonal constructions. The pragmatic purpose of politeness in relation to the reader is most likely winning them over, while politeness towards chess players can serve various purposes.

Paralanguage in Natural Language Texts

In oral communication natural language is always combined with nonverbal signs of various nature, in particular paralanguage signs. The present paper describes usages and functions of lexical paralanguage units in Russian texts, mainly texts of anecdotes, where these units serve as a key to comic effect. The article analyzes examples of nonverbal imitation of speech pathology and ethnic, social, professional and other peculiarities of human communicative behavior. The paper describes some functions of paralinguistic signs such as their ability to imitate specific acts of pronunciation, to substitute taboo speech units or to denote other real actions. The authors pay attention to the form, meaning and usage of paralanguage units in Russian. Some of the units regarded are supplied with semantic descriptions and with descriptions of spheres of their usage. The article establishes syntactic function of paralanguage units in dialogues. Paralinguistic units constitute the class of so-called signalatives, which do not denote propositions but indicate peoples’ emotions or their mental activity

Лексические особенности рекламных текстов как маркер культурной специфики

The article studies pragmatic and culturally significant lexical features of advertising texts of the tourism industry in Russian and English. The article raises such topical issues as identifying the linguistic and cultural specifics of the advertising text in English and Russian, increasing the pragmatic power of the advertising text using vocabulary with a cultural component, ways of translating lexical units unfamiliar to the reader, as well as pragmatically marked specific features of the vocabulary of tourist advertising texts in English and Russian. The article is based on the fact that lexical meanings connect the language with the way of life and the system of social relationships of the community speaking it, and the information received during the analysis of linguistic features is a source of identifying the linguistic and cultural specifics of the text. Special emphasis is placed on various types of realities as cultural signs widely used in tourist advertising communication. The analysis established the relationship between the lexical units used in advertising texts and the ethnocultural characteristics of the consumer of tourist advertising. In addition, the function of pragmatically significant linguistic means is studied, the features of the reproduction of non-equivalent vocabulary and words containing an ethno-cultural component of meaning are analyzed. The article does not ignore the fact that the main task of any advertising text is to increase the level of sales of the advertised product (in this article, of a tourist trip). Thus, the present study focuses on the pragmatic aspect of the advertising text and the impact of the lexicon on the perception of the advertising text.

Очаги эпической традиции на Урале

This article considers the origin and development of the epic tradition in the Urals region. Special attention is paid to the earliest known source of our knowledge of Russian epic texts — the book Drevnie rossiiske stikhotvoreniia, sobrannye Kirshei Danilovym (Ancient Russian poems collected by Kirsha Danilov), which was published in Moscow in 1804. The article examines the influence of this collection of texts on the epic tradition of the Urals region. It names the main performers and collectors who gathered and studied the epics of that area. The article also provides a list of the main plots of the epic texts that were found in archive materials and publications that were made by folklore researchers in the 19th and 20th centuries. The study compares and defines specific features of plots of epic texts from the collection of Kirsha Danilov and plots of texts that were recorded and published later.