Text Books Research Articles

How do Vocational Teachers Learn? Formal and Informal Learning by Vocational Teachers in Kenya

Context: Participation in Continuing Professional Development (CPD) supports the development of vocational teacher competencies. However, it is often not clear what learning methods vocational teachers use in their CPD. This study therefore investigated the CPD practices of vocational teachers in Kenya, with a specific focus on the formal and informal learning methods used. Approach: The study used a questionnaire survey to collect data from TVET teachers randomly drawn from six Technical and Vocational Colleges in Kenya's Nairobi Metropolitan Area. Descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was used to determine how frequently different learning methods are used and to identify associations between CPD practices and teacher characteristics.Findings: TVET teachers in Kenya were found to use different learning methods depending on the availability of the learning methods and the learning goals teachers have. Formal academic learning and discussions with colleagues are frequently used while collaborative learning methods and practice-based learning activities are less frequently used. Rarely used are written reflections about practice and its outcomes. Despite viewing Lecturer Industrial Attachment (LIA) as important and therefore wishing to attend LIA, more than a third of the participants indicated that they had never attended LIA. The use of professional literature is restricted to text books with limited use of primary and secondary literature. CPD activities such as mentoring, supervising other teachers, and school visits were found to form a unique category of CPD activities that is more frequently used by teachers with administrative responsibilities. Conclusion: The limited use of active learning methods that involve critical evaluation of practices and their outcomes risks limiting the ability of vocational teachers in Kenya to transform and adopt better practices. It is recommended that vocational teachers in Kenya are encouraged to adopt a broad conception of teacher CPD that embraces collaborative, reflective, and practice-based learning.

:Hunde in der römischen Antike: Rassen/Typen - Zucht - Haltung und Verwendung

:<i>Hunde in der römischen Antike: Rassen/Typen - Zucht - Haltung und Verwendung</i>

EA-GAN: restoration of text in ancient Chinese books based on an example attention generative adversarial network

Ancient Chinese books are of great significance to historical research and cultural inheritance. Unfortunately, many of these books have been damaged and corroded in the process of long-term transmission. The restoration by digital preservation of ancient books is a new method of conservation. Traditional character restoration methods ensure the visual consistency of character images through character features and the pixels around the damaged area. However, reconstructing characters often causes errors, especially when there is large damage in critical locations. Inspired by human’s imitation writing behavior, a two-branch structure character restoration network EA-GAN (Example Attention Generative Adversarial Network) is proposed, which is based on a generative adversarial network and fuses reference examples. By referring to the features of the example character, the damaged character can be restored accurately even when the damaged area is large. EA-GAN first uses two branches to extract the features of the damaged and example characters. Then, the damaged character is restored according to neighborhood information and features of the example character in different scales during the up-sampling stage. To solve problems when the example and damaged character features are not aligned and the convolution receptive field is too small, an Example Attention block is proposed to assist in restoration. Qualitative and quantitative analysis experiments are carried out on a self-built dataset MSACCSD and real scene pictures. Compared with current inpainting networks, EA-GAN can get the correct text structure through the guidance of the additional example in the Example Attention block. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity (SSIM) value increased by 9.82% and 1.82% respectively. The learned perceptual image patch similarity (LPIPS) value calculated by Visual Geometry Group (VGG) network and AlexNet decreased by 35.04% and 16.36% respectively. Our method obtained better results than the current inpainting methods. It also has a good restoration effect in the face of untrained characters, which is helpful for the digital preservation of ancient Chinese books.

Phytochemical screening and standardization of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam: An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Chiruvilwadi Kashayam is a polyherbal Classical formulation mentioned in the text book ‘Sahasrayoga’, commonly used for the management of piles, it also cures the associated symptoms like constipation, indigestion, flatulence and anorexia. It is prepared out of six medicinal plants namely Chiruvilwa (Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.) Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa L.) Pippali (Piper longum L.) Sunti (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica L.) and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.). Inadequate standardization of polyherbal formulations causes difficulty in validation of the efficacy and maintaining quality of the product. Hence an attempt has been made to standardize the quality parameters of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam by determining the primary qualitative phytochemical, physiochemical parameters and to develop TLC fingerprints. The primary phytochemicals like carbohydrates, sugar, reducing sugar, glycoside, flavonoid, phenol, saponin, alkaloid, tannin and coumarin were found in the kashayam. The data obtained in the present study will help as a reference document to maintain the quality standards of the formulation.

Content Analysis of General Science Text Book for 8th Grade

General Science textbooks have integrated contents of Biology, Chemistry, Physics and; Earth and Space, demand special attention of curriculum developers. This study aimed to explore the contents of General Science textbook of 8th grade taught in government and private schools of Punjab province. This qualitative nature research was conducted through content analysis design. T

ANALISIS AFIKSASI VERBA PADA TEKS BACAAN DALAM BUKU BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS VIII

Analysis Of Affixation Verb In Reading Text Indonesia Book Clas VIII. The study aims to: (1) Describe the form of verb affixation in the reading text of Indonesian language books for clas VIII, (2) Describe meaning of verb affixation in the reading texts of Indonesian books for class VIII. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive method. The data sources in this study were obtained from reading texts in the revised 2017 edition of the Indonesian language book class VIII by Suherli et al. The techniques used in data collection are reading, identification, and classification techniques. The results of this study found that verb affixation consist of: 1) prefixes: men-, ke-, di-, meng-, ter-, se-, and ber-; 2) the suffixes –an, -kan, and –i; and 3) confixes of ber-an, ber-kan, ke-an, pe-an, and se-nya. The meaning of verb affixation found is grammatical meaning because the process of word formation can result in changes in meaning. The grammatical meaning is formed because of the grammaticalization process such as giving affixes (affixes), reduplication (repetition), or compounding words so that the basic word become compound words.

Does Posterior Stabilized Better than Posterior Cruciate Retaining in Total Knee Replacement? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This meta-analysis aimed to compare the results of posterior stabilized and posterior cruciate-retaining prosthesis. To find randomized controlled studies comparing the clinical outcomes of cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilized systems, a computerized literature search was performed. To find more pertinent studies, the table of contents of four significant orthopaedic journals and the references part of two arthroplasty text books were examined. Finally, 1114 individuals' knees totaling 1265 were compared. A statistical analysis showed that posterior-stabilized knees had significantly greater flexion and range of motion, but no change in complication rates. This's clinical significance is still unknown. The surgeon's preference and comfort level with a particular design should determine which design is used.

Classical and homogenized expressions for the bending solutions of FGM plates based on the four variable plate theories

Exact correspondence relations between the bending solutions of a simply supported rectangular functionally graded material plate based on the four variable refined higher-order shear deformation theory and those of the corresponding reference homogenous Kirchhoff plate based on the classical plate theory are derived analytically for the material properties varying continuously in the thickness direction. The deflection, stress components, the resultant forces and bending moments of a thick functionally graded material plate are expressed analytically in terms of the deflection of the reference homogenous Kirchhoff plate with the same geometry, loadings and boundary constraints. Consequently, the bending solution of a functionally graded material plate based on the higher-order shear deformation theory is simplified as calculations of three scaling factors which can be easily determined analytically for the specified material gradient profile, the shear stress shape function and the aspect ratio of the functionally graded material plate, because the solution of the reference homogenous Kirchhoff plate can be easily found even in the text book. As examples, particular solutions for a functionally graded material plate subjected to both uniformly and sinusoidally distributed loads are presented, which illustrate the validity of this new approach. Accuracy of the present solutions are demonstrated by comparing them with those obtained by different palate theories with different shear stress shape functions available in the literature. The analytical solutions can be used as benchmarks to check numerical solutions of static bending of functionally graded material plates based on different higher-order shear deformation theories.

MM. BAKHTIN AS A PROFESSIONAL LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY OF A PHILOSOPHICAL TYPE’S PHILOLOGIST

The object of the study is the idiodiscourse of the outstanding philologist M.M. Bakhtin, the subject of the study is the integral and differential features of M.M. Bakhtin as a realization of the professional linguistic personality of a philologist. The purpose of the study is based on the material of the idiodiscourse of M.M. Bakhtin, within the framework of comparative linguistic and rhetorical analysis, to reveal the invariant core and individual features of the professional linguistic personality of a philologist. The set goal predetermines a number of specific tasks: 1. to consider the history of the issue: to summarize the studies of a professional linguistic personality undertaken earlier in domestic and foreign science, implemented precisely on the material of professionally oriented texts; 2. to study the history of the analysis of a professional linguistic personality - and just a personality as such - M.M. Bakhtin: an extensive corpus of works by domestic and foreign scientists on Bakhtin studies; 3. analyze the texts of books and articles by M.M. Bakhtin from the content-semantic, compositional, linguistic and stylistic side.

Elegance (elegantia) of Elocution in the Coverage of Russian 18th Century Rhetorical Books in Latin

The subject of the research is the concept of elegance of style in the coverage of Russian handwritten rhetorical manuals of the 18th century in Latin. On the example of one of the most important requirements for eloquence, the peculiarities of ideas about style in Russian rhetoric of the 18th century are revealed. The texts of handwritten manuals compiled in Moscow, Kolomna, Nizhny Novgorod, Vologda, Ryazan, Smolensk are analyzed in the context of the New Latin rhetorical sources, among which the most important are the rhetorical treatises of Feofan Prokopovich and Johann Gottlieb Heineckius, dating back to the first half of the 18th century. Their influence on the formation of Russian rhetorical thought is traced. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the sources of the concept of elegance of style as the most important quality of eloquence, various interpretations of the concept of elegance in separate manuals were considered, and the main components of this concept were identified. A special contribution of the author to the study of this topic is that the texts of educational handwritten books intended for teaching rhetoric in secular and religious educational institutions of Russia in the 18th century have become the material of scientific analysis. The results obtained shed light on the Latin stage of the formation of Russian rhetoric and can be used for further research in this area.

RENEWAL OF ISLAMIC LAW IN INDONESIA: A STUDY OF YUDIAN WAHYUDI'S THOUGHT

The purpose of this study is to describe the results of Yudian Wahyudi's thoughts on the renewal of Islamic law in Indonesia. This type of research is library research using a qualitative descriptive approach to describe the current phenomenon. This analysis seeks to see the socio-cultural background, the context of the readers and the text of books and articles about Yudian Wahyudi's thoughts related to the problems to be studied. The results of this study explain that Islamic law reform underwent a radical transformation with the emergence of several calls about Indonesian fiqh and Indonesian schools of thought by scholars such as Ash Shiddieqy and Hazairin who criticized puritans who often echoed Arabization of fiqh, both promoting the richness of Indonesian culture and traditions as a valid source. for the implementation of the law by trying to modernize the application of Islamic law with the help of modern knowledge and science. Yudian Wahyudi's thinking in the renewal of Islamic law offers an applicative methodological approach through the concept of returning to the Qur'an and Hadith, the concept of fiqh and maqashid sharia by trying to dialogue between sharia texts, and empirical 'urf, both of which complement each other. Different from the previous figure, the Islamic renewal proposed by Yudian Wahyudi is not only a theoretical offer but can also be implemented practically.

Communication of Political Identity &amp; Indonesian Presidential Candidacy in the 2024 Election

So far, the presidential election in Indonesia has been a public concern. President Jokowi, in his second term as President, is suspected of wanting to run for a third term if allowed by existing regulations. The emergence of presidential candidates for the 2024 period from his ministers is a challenge for Jokowi. Anisbaswedan, the former governor of Jakarta, was appointed by the Nasdem party as one of the presidential candidates. Thus, the writer addresses the above phenomena and examines the future prospects and identity communication built by respective parties. This study uses political identity, identity communication, and a constructive approach using library research. The data used comes from library sources, both in the form of text in books, articles, papers, and other written sources. This research belongs to the descriptive-analytic research category, which describes and analyzes comprehensively the Indonesian 2024 President. Source of data obtained from primary and secondary literature. The primary data source is the literature on identity and communication. Sources from the internet are used in this study as an additional reference. The research results were analyzed descriptively. They used theories such as the theory of communication, identity, and constructivism. The research results show that the identity communication of the Indonesian presidential candidate must accommodate the majority of people in terms of race, culture, and religion. East Java, Central Java, and West Java, for example, are high in population than other provinces in the region, which mostly determine the candidate's win. Postponing the presidential election is another possible case, in case Mr. Jokowi wins the Constitution Commission and grants of Indonesian Constitution for his third period.

THE ANALYSIS OF VERBAL ELLIPSIS FOUND IN THE STORY BOOK OF “THE BOYHOOD OF RONGGOWARSITO”

This research entitled The Analysis of Verbal Ellipsis Found in The Story Book of “The Boyhood of Ronggowarsitoaimed at analyzing and classifying the classification of verbal ellipsis’s types in each text of story book entitled The Boyhood of Ronggowarsito. The primary data was taken from the English textbook ofThe Boyhood of Ronggowarsito(1991).The main theory used in this study was taken from the book entitled Cohesion in English(1975) by M.A.K Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan. They stated that ellipsis is the omission of an item of a sentence on the assumption which an earlier sentence will make the meaning clear. They classify ellipsis into three types: nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis and clausal ellipsis. However, the focus of the research was only on the analysis of verbal ellipsis. The research method used in the research is qualitative research. The required data were classified and analyzed based on the classification of verbal ellipsis. Verbal ellipsis consisted of lexical verbal ellipsis and operator verbal ellipsis. The findings showed that verbal ellipsis consisted of lexical verbal ellipsis and operator verbal ellipsis, where lexical verbal ellipsis is marked by the omission of final element meanwhile, operator verbal ellipsis is marked by the omission of initial element.

Scope of Agadtantra (Ayurvedic toxicology) in environmental air pollution W.S.R to Janpadodhvansa: A Review

Ayurveda is an ancient science, it helps to promote and preserve the fitness of a healthy individual and also provide the various treatment for the diseases. Environmental pollution is the major problem in the present situation. Pollution is a continuous process in which pollutants gets collected and stored, which later cause harm to the natural environmental constituents. This issue of pollution should be taken very seriously, as it harms the natural elements of earth such as air, water which are responsible for life on earth. The presence of these in undesirable quantity animals including human being and plants could not survive. Environmental pollution consist of mainly air water and soil pollution. Agadtantra (Ayurvedic toxicology) is the 6th branch of Ashtang Ayurved which deals with the poison i.e. its identification, types of poison from mineral, plant and animals as well as artificial poison and its treatment. The concept of environmental pollution had been described in the various text and classical books. In Ayurveda Acharyas had briefly describes the environmental health in Dincharya, Rutucharya and Janpadodhvansa. The review article is a primary approach to find out the solution for upcoming environmental pollution through ancient science.

Hundred years of geophysics (1834–1933)

Geophysics is relatively a new discipline in comparison to physics or geology. Contrary to general perception as an ancillary to geology, the discipline has been developed with a distinct focus of using the principles and methods of physics for the earth processes. Geophysics was born in the nineteenth century as a necessary element of theoretical geography. Academicians and researchers in the field of geography played chief roles from its birth to its present level of maturity. Historical scholarship in this paper provides an account of the development of the discipline over hundred years from its inception in the early nineteenth century. The article covers, how the discipline was conceptualised and what necessary steps were taken, such as establishing learned societies, publishing technical journals and text books, endowing university chairs, opening up departments and course curriculum, and most importantly, appearing as a primary discipline to cater to exploration for mineral resources.

Review on Plants Used in Siddha Formulation Vatha Siletpana Sura Kudineer for the Management of Viral Fever

Siddhars said about various diseases and the treatment methods with herbs, minerals and animal products. In Siddha literatures viral fevers can be compared to Vatha Kapha Suram and therefore decoction for this Suram is taken from classical Siddha text book and the ingredients are searched for pharmacological activity and toxicity study from 118 published journal papers from Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Research Gate and Science Direct. Collected data is entered in MS excel and analysed using RFC score. All together there are 51 pharmacological activities are published for these nine ingredients. In which Anti-inflammatory has RFC=1, other properties like antipyretic, anti-tussive, bronchodialator, anti-asthmatic, analgesic, neuro-regenerative, neuroprotective, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-emetic, neuroprotective, analgesic, sedative has more than 0.55 RFC score. More than this cardioprotective, renoprotective, hepatoprotective, and other protective properties are present in more than 50% of ingredients. In toxicity studies no toxic effects are seen in in vivo studies for the ingredients The Suvai, Thanmai, Pirivu, in Siddha aspect, of these ingredients can highly reduces Vatha and Kapha disorders. Therefore, the decoction shows significant pharmacological activity for the sign and symptoms of viral infections.

The detrimental effects of smoking on the course and outcome in adults with bipolar disorder-A narrative review.

Smoking is a substantial and avoidable risk for physical disability and premature death. Despite a declining tobacco use in the community of developed countries, smoking remains abundant in people with mental disorders. This narrative review highlights the epidemiology, consequences and treatment options of tobacco use disorder (TUD) and nicotine dependence (ND) in people with bipolar disorder (BD). The authors conducted a Medline literature search from 1970 to November 2022 using MeSH terms "bipolar disorder" x "smoking" or "nicotine" or "tobacco" that retrieved 770 results. Search results were complemented by additional literature retrieved from examining cross references and by hand search in text books. Finally, 92 references were considered as essential and selected for the educational purpose of this review. Lifetime and point prevalence of smoking in people with BD is in the range of 45-70% and thus about 2-3 times more frequent in BD than in community samples. Smoking, TUD and ND have a detrimental impact both on mental and physical health as well as mortality in people with BD. In the absence of large controlled studies in comorbid BD and TUD or ND, pharmacological treatment follows the individual guidance for each disorder. Community-based psychosocial interventions for TUD and ND appear to be suitable in people with BD, too, as well as Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) or Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) based psychotherapies. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor causing increased risks both for mental and physical health in BD, and deserves more attention in treatment. More treatment research into pharmacological and psychosocial interventions in comorbid BD and TUD or ND are still needed to deliver evidence-based recommendations to physicians.

Derivation of expressions for interdiffusion and intrinsic diffusion flux in presence of chemical potential gradient in a multicomponent system with composition dependent molar volume

Abstract It has been generally accepted and often mentioned in the text books that gradient in chemical potential of a species is the fundamental driving force for its diffusion. However, a general derivation of the interrelation between the diffusion flux of a component and chemical potential gradients in a non-ideal solution is lacking. Although there have been various studies in the literature reporting such interrelations for a binary system, they all assume constant molar volume. In a non-ideal system though molar volume changes with composition. Hence, in the present work, kinetic theory is used to derive a relation between diffusion flux and the chemical potential gradients for a multicomponent system with composition dependent molar volume. It is shown that the velocity of the marker as measured in a diffusion couple experiment should consist of the drift velocity (UN) due to change in molar volume accompanied by diffusion as well as the Kirkendall velocity caused by vacancy equilibration process. For the assumption of volume change occurring only in the direction of diffusion, the Kirkendall velocity is same as the marker velocity measured in a diffusion couple. However, if the lattice is allowed to relax in all directions, the contribution of UN to the marker velocity can be significant. This is shown to be as high as 20% for Cu in a Cu-Ni diffusion couple.

On the philosophies of Zera Ya‘qob and Welde Hiwot: a comparative analysis on their lessons of social philosophies

Philosophical thinking is one of the areas of knowledge that has existed in Ge‘ez literature since ancient times. The focus of this study was to analyze lessons of social philosophies from the various concepts in the indigenous philosophical books known as Hateta Zera Ya‘qob and Hateta Wolde Hiwot. According to the books, Hateta Zera Ya‘qob was written by an ancient Ethiopian philosopher known in the community as Worke, also called in the Christen name Zera Ya‘qob, who was born in 1592 E.C. Hateta Wolde Hiwot was also a philosophical thought which was written by Wolde Hiwot who was a student of Zera Ya‘qob. Many Europeans have written against Africans as they do not have any philosophical knowledge or ideas, and, they used this as a potent tool to make African generations lose their identities. On the contrary, this study focuses on the status of 17th century thiopian philosophy. Document review was the tool of data collection for the study, and the Ge‘ez texts written by Zara Ya‘qob and Wolde Hiwot have been used as sources of information. Interviews were also conducted with selected scholars to secure a better clarity. The information gathered is presented in a comprehensive analysis with qualitative approach. Accordingly, the social lessons described by Zara Ya‘qob and Wolde Hiwot by were classified into their categories and presented with analysis. Finally, the study suggested the incorporation of the identified philosophical ideas in to the text books of ethical education as they contribute immensely to social building.

An Integration of Moral Values on the English Text Book of Vocational High School. A Case Study of Critical Discourse Analysis

English Textbook of Vocational High School in terms needs to be assessed for their relevance of the hard skills and soft skills. This research aims to cultivate the integration of moral values found on the ELT textbook of Vocational High School at the grade of X, XI and XII. This research method is a qualitative descriptive research method in the Critical Discourse Analysis of the verbal and visual image. The moral values found on book declares that the respect for other of being friendly occurs in 17.5 %. The book tendency occurs on the social sensitivity which occurs in 7%. Furthermore, the moral value in regarding the students’ hard skill depicts the Creativity with 6.8 %. This indicates that, the fifth sense of Pancasila keadilan social bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia is clearly found on the book. In addition, the are some meanings implied explicitly on the textbook based on the visual image cultivate the character building in social sensitivity which has an effect to human’s daily life. The study conveys that, the respect for other of being friendly is more emphasized in the ELT textbook. Meanwhile, social creativity in this book is more emphasized with the visual image model. The ELT textbook design of vocational high school provides a lot of very significant insight into students' abilities to learn English as a foreign language the content, topics, use of grammar and methodology reflect moral content, conveying many moral messages such as information about culture, beliefs, and social morals