Text Books Research Articles

The Condemnation of Avarice as “Demonic Instigation” in the Illustrations of Synodics of the Early Modern Period

This article examines visual methods of condemning avarice, which makes a person who wants a luxurious life for themselves and their family easy prey to the devil. The study refers to a series of illustrations for the parable About the Spendthrift, which was part of the literary prefaces to the Russian Synodics of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries whose task was to morally instruct the reader. While there is a noticeable increase in Russian and international researchers’ interest in the Old Russian Synodics, the issue considered in the article has not been addressed in scholarly publications yet. This article aims to reconstruct the miniaturists’ approach to illustrating a short text with a demonological plot, whose content should be interpreted and supplemented by a parallel visual story. The object of the study – book miniatures – predetermines interdisciplinary research and the use of philological and art criticism hermeneutical methods. The research refers to illustrations for the parable About the Spendthrift from the Synodics of the Trinity and St Daniel Monastery from 1672 and Solba St Nicholas Pustyn of the eighteenth century. They are vivid examples of two versions of the iconography of the illustrative series: one that gravitates towards the Russian mediaeval manuscript tradition and one that reproduces the figurative structure and style of the engravings of the Synodic by Leonty Bunin, respectively. The results of the study are based on a comparison of the key episodes of the literary plot of the parable and the visual narrative of the same events. The author concludes that in the miniatures, the desire to “teach through pictures” is traced, and the expressiveness of methods of the homily is not inferior to the book text but surpasses it. Both versions of the iconography of the miniature series tell the same instructive story about sin and punishment. It differs from many other illuminated parables of Synodics as in it, an important infernal person is present, which introduces an unusual nuance into the narrative.

A content analysis of text in children’s picture books with regard to the inclusion of geographical concepts

ABSTRACTThis article contains a representative listing of fictional children’s literature titles, which relate to selected geographic concepts. Texts in the picture books were examined based on their geographical concepts. Within the scope of the research, 82 picture storybooks selected through the criterion sampling method were analyzed via content analysis. Expressions devoted to location, place, interaction between human and environment, action and region themes were identified in the analyzed picture books. While statements regarding physical characteristics of at most one place seem to exist in the abovementioned expressions, these statements were determined to emphasize biodiversity the most. On the other hand, expressions about the region theme were seen to be the least in the picture books. Based on the obtained results, fulfilling the need for picture books including different geographical concepts was recommended.

Van der waals equation of state

Van der Waals (vdW) invented his equation of state about 150 year ago. This equation described the liquidgas phase transition and predicted an existence of the critical point. The vdW equation of state remains today the most familiar and one of the most successful model in molecular physics. It is presented in all text books on statistical physics. However, several important questions concerning the vdW model had no answers. Only very recently these questions were discussed in the literature, and several important extensions of the vdW equation of state were developed. These new results presented in this article correspond to the grand canonical ensemble formulation, the effects of quantum statistics, and applications of the vdW model to nuclear matter taking into account Fermi statistics for interacting protons and neutrons. A special attention is also paid to the particle number fluctuations in a vicinity of the vdW critical point.

A STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF SELF-MEDICATION FOR DIARRHEA AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL.

Background: Most of the diarrhea is self- limiting. Mainstay of treatment is supportive in form of ORS, with careful monitoring for any signs of dehydration. Self-medication practices are common in medical students with 50-70% range reported in various studies. Medical students are have easy access to both ORS and antibiotics. Current study was undertaken to understand the practice of antidiarrheal drugs among MBBS students in our setup. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 100 undergraduat Methods: e medical students in OctoberNovember 2021 in P.D.U. Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat. Total 100 students participated in the stu Result: dy in which 59% males and 41% females were included. 49% students were practicing self-medication. Text books were the major source of information about drugs followed by internet. Commonly chosen therapy for diarrhea was ORS (54%) followed by metronidazole (19%) followed by loperamide (11%) and Fluoroquinolones (10%). 37% students use antibiotics without prescription and 44% of students do not complete the course. Our Conclusion: study observed self-medication is commonly practiced among medical students. Purpose behind self-medication is to save the time. Educating these medical students regarding the advantages and disadvantages of self-medication as well as antibiotics resistance is necessary to create awareness among them.

Mendiskusikan Definisi Sastra Islam dan Sastra Islami dalam Kesusastraan Indonesia Masa Kini

The use of the terminology of Islam Literature and Islamic Literature by literary academics and readers in Indonesia is still confusing. It is inseparable from the development of Islam in Indonesia after the New Order. At that time, publishers had a unilateral claim that their work was the work of Islam literature or Islamic literature. Based on that, this study aims to find the definition and characteristics of the terminology of Islam Literature and Islamic Literature. This study uses the dialectical method, which is a method that contrasts several different views on a problem, in this case, the definition of Islam Literature and Islamic Literature. To collect data, this study uses a literature study of experts' opinions, literary observers, data on literary works, and the development of Indonesian literature. The results of the discussion show that Islam literature refers to all literary works that are strictly based on the text of the holy book and hadith; while Islamic literature can be more fluid than Islamic literature, it does not have to be based on scriptures and hadith, but the values ​​contained in it must be still based on Islamic teachings.

Kelompok Kecil: Strategi Efektif Bagi Pembinaan Warga Gereja

The small group method is very effective as a means of growing faith that leads to maturity of believers in Christ to become more like Christ. Many parachurch ministries and major churches have done it and have proven to be very effective. However, recently, many churches in urban areas have not given sufficient attention and have not considered small group discipleship as an effective strategy in cultivating church members. Even though Jesus has passed down discipleship through small groups which is very effective for Christianity to this day so that the church has a coaching pattern for every believer to grow his faith towards maturity, namely towards becoming more like Christ. For this reason, this research was carried out using library research methods from various book texts and research journals on small group discipleship. The results of this study indicate that believers and churches must make small group discipleship a strategy in faith education because it has been proven effective since the time of Jesus.

Analysis of character education content in 2013 social studies curriculum text books

Character education is the basis for forming a nation's quality character that does not ignore social values. This study aimed to determine the content of character education in the 2013 Curriculum Social Studies textbook. The method in this research is narrative content analysis with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were documentation studies, text analysis of the social studies lesson in the 2013 curriculum for class VIII, and an interview with one of the social studies teachers who used this textbook. The research results obtained include: (1) The content of character education in the revised edition of the 2017 social studies subject textbook has been adjusted to the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 20 of 2018 concerning Strengthening Character Education (PPK); (2) In the revised edition of the 2017 Social Studies textbook issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture, there are eight values in character education, namely religious, honest, disciplined, responsible, mutual cooperation, polite, tolerance, and trust self; and (3) Based on the results of the character load table that has been explained, it can be seen that there are 18 sentences that imply indicators of several character values and six sentences that explicitly contain several character values.

GRAMATICAL RELATION ON OBJECT IN DELI JAVANESE DIALECT: TYPOLOGY STUDY

This research is aimed at describing one of the properties of grammatical relation namely object in Deli Javanese Language (DJL). The purpose of this research is to analyze the forms of the object based on its behavior which depicts (a) FN as object controlling object prefix on verb, (b) FN as object directly follows verb and (c) object as FN can be raised to the position of Subject through the process of passivity. This research refers to the grammatical relation concept of tipology study by obtaining the data from text books, journals and interview. The result showed that object relation was an FN that directly follows verbs and could not be inserted by any adverb. The verb prefix as transitive verb could be placed after subject and it needed an object as the second arguments of the clause. Object relation, then, could be raised to subject position at the DJL passivity; meanwhile the subject of original clause became an Oblique relation. Furthermore these findings are expected to give much contribution on understanding in studying gramatical relation with Typology approach.
 
 Keywords: Object, Grammatical Relation, Deli Javanese Language, Typology approach.

Adequacy of STEM Resources and Academic Achievement in STEM Subjects: Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Western Kenya

This paper presents part of the preliminary findings of a baseline survey for "Project Impact: Empowering East African Students in STEM Education" research project. Grounded in a mixed method research approach, this baseline study sought to investigate the relationship between STEM resources and academic achievement in STEM subjects in selected schools in Western Kenya. Four objectives guiding the study were: To explore the status of adequacy of STEM resources in selected schools; to examine the trend in STEM subjects KCSE performance in the last five years (2015-2019); to determine the relationship between adequacy of STEM resources and academic achievement and to determine the challenges and opportunities faced in STEM teaching and learning. A sample of 12 schools were selected from three counties in Western Kenya. Through purposive sampling, 12 principals, 12 deputy principals, and 48 teachers of physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics were selected. Data were collected using questionnaires, document analysis, observation checklist and structured interviews. The primary purpose of the baseline data collection was to understand the status of selected schools with respect to performance in STEM subjects. The data collected will form a basis for the implementation of the project if it is funded. Quantitative data were analysed both descriptively using means and inferentially through simple linear regression. Qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and presented as emergent themes. Three emergent themes from the interviews were: inadequate STEM resources and infrastructure necessary for effective teaching of STEM subjects, teacher-centred techniques of teaching and negative attitudes towards the subjects. From observation data, it was evident that there was acute shortage of appropriate physical resources, especially text books and laboratory equipment. Three out of the twelve schools lacked science laboratories. Classrooms were improvised to store the scarce equipment and apparatus. The average mean score for KCSE in all the twelve sampled schools was Ẋ = 4.373, a score below the pass mark of 6.000 and therefore did not qualify to transit to the university. However, results of simple linear regression revealed no statistically significant relationship between adequacy of STEM resources and academic achievement (F(1,47)= 2.168; t = -1.472; β = -0.212; p = 0.148). This was an interesting finding that requires further investigation considering the small sample of schools. The study concluded that requisite resources and appropriate instructional techniques were critical in enhancing students’ academic performance in STEM subjects. It was recommended that innovative pedagogical practices such as integration of technology in teaching and learning was inevitable. Capacity building for in-service STEM teachers was recommended and expansion of school STEM infrastructure was an additional recommendation. These findings have implications for implementation of Project Impact, if funded and further research.

The Concept of Justice in Islam According to Majid Khadduri

This paper aims to describe the concept of justice in Islam according to Majid Khadduri, a Muslim scholar in the modern era. In Islamic theology, for example, justice is not only related to aspects of humanity but also divinity. In the secular sciences, justice is widely discussed in terms of substance and procedure. Likewise, in the discourse of Islamic theology, the value in question tends only to divinity, meaning that the measure of good value is God or the texts of the holy book. However, for Majid Khadduri, these values are not only related to humanity but at the same time they must be close to what God wants and religion in general. The synthesis of the two views above seems to be united in the concept of Khadduri. Therefore, the problem in this paper is how the construction of justice according to Majid Khadduri and its implications for the formulation of justice in the context of religious humanity. The results of the study show that human actions are judged fairly if they are based on correct norms and carried out with good procedures. In addition, with the development of social problems in society, such as injustice, it is also important to formulate the concept of justice which truly is a concept that can provide and be useful in solving this sense of injustice. This article will contribute and can be used as an approach in creating the spirit of changing, enlightening in Muslim society.

Die Schriften des Johannes von Damaskos. Band 8: Sacra (Spuria). Teil 4: Liber II (De rerum humanarum natura et statu). Erste Rezension/Erster Halbband. Edited by Tobias ThumDie Schriften des Johannes von Damaskos. Band 8: Sacra (Spuria). Teil 5: Liber II (De rerum humanarum natura et statu). Erste Rezension/Zweiter Halbband. Edited by Tobias ThumDie Schriften des Johannes von Damaskos. Band 8:

The volumes under review are the first to appear of the edition of the Hiera, often known as Sacra Parallela, for long attributed to St John Damascene (and therefore included in the PTS series, Die Schriften des Johannes von Damaskos, the first five volumes of which constituted Kotter’s meticulous edition of most of the authentic works of the Damascene) but now to an unknown monk called John, as is made clear from the Latin title: Iohannis monachi (VII saeculo ineunte) Sacra olim Iohanni Damasceno attributa. The first four volumes are in two pairs, numbered 4 to 7, each pair giving a critical text of an edition of Book II of the Hiera, which is concerned with the ‘nature and state of human matters’ (De rerum humanarum natura et statu). The editor of the second pair, José Declerck, ingenuously addresses the ‘user’ (or reader, but not very likely to be owner, given the price of these volumes) in response to two likely questions s/he will have. First, why is the editor not beginning with Book I of Hiera, following it with Book II, and ending with Book III? The answer is that the edition was parcelled out among potential editors and as the editors of Book II have finished, whereas the work on Book I has barely begun (‘kaum erst begonnen hatte’), it seemed better to publish Book II straight away, rather than face further delays. The second question is, why has Book II been, in effect, published twice: each pair of volumes devoted to a complete edition of Book II? The reason is that the state of the manuscripts is such that there is no real possibility of reconstructing a single text of Book II.

Design features of books with augmented reality for preschool children.

Preschool age is rightfully considered one of the most important periods in a child's life, since at this stage the formation of the psycho-emotional structure of the personality, the recognition of oneself, one's desires, the disclosure of the concept of the inner world take place. Acquaintance with a book for a child is nothing more than an opportunity to develop in a multi-faceted manner, to learn the world through immersion in a visual-graphic environment, culture. Independent study of books and electronic resources forms the skill of searching for information without the help of the environment, teaches to concentrate on one's desires, but it also has a negative aspect - the lack of primary socialization that occurs in the process of interaction between the child and the parent. Reading with the help of an adult can help a preschooler understand a lot more, both in terms of acquiring new knowledge and gaining emotional experience. The visual-graphic language, through which the “communication” of the child and the book takes place, develops the aesthetic, artistic and moral experience that a person relies on in their adulthood. In the era of digitalization, major changes are taking place in the book market, which are associated not only with new formats, but also with new needs and types of thinking of preschoolers. Introducing a child to the virtual space from an early age leads to the consumption of a large amount of information that does not have time to be remembered due to the limitations of a child's memory and cognition. The consequence of which is a superficial acquaintance with the material, the lack of knowledge as such. Reading for preschoolers seems to be a too long and complicated process, the cognitive function of the book is losing its relevance due to the lack of interest in the process. Augmented reality technologies provide the child with the opportunity to interact with the book in 4 planes at once, which greatly expands the possibilities of paper publications. A gadget (a mobile phone or a tablet) is connected to the process of "communication" between a preschooler and a book. The interactive component consists in animating illustrations that can be presented in the form of a game that has a direct connection with the text. Emphasizing clip thinking of preschoolers, the text in augmented reality books is concise, written in simple language, with an emphasis on the most important details, which greatly simplifies understanding and memorization. AR or "Augmented Reality" has great potential for children from a very young age.

IDENTIFYING COMPOSITIONAL INSTRUMENTS IN A BILINGUAL PICTURE BOOK FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING

Bilingual picture books are one of the materials in joint-reading activities between adults and pupils. When using picture books, adults face difficulty conveying meaning from the book to children. Therefore, this paper investigates the compositional elements of a bilingual picture book and provides an understanding of exploring a picture book to create meaningful reading activities. This case study employs a multimodal discourse analytical approach to understand the placement of the visual resources and the dual text of a bilingual picture book entitled Kina Punya Teman Baru. The result shows the compositional instruments tend to attract the reader's focus on the characters and the continuity of the storyline. The tendency of using co-located backgrounds along with the simple bull eye focus of images directs readers to the actions and emotions experienced by the character. Visual elements in a bilingual picture book are put in a contextualized setting offering readers the to explore the particular image. This bilingual picture book uses Indonesian as L1 and English as L2. The composition of the verbal text layout indicates that this bilingual picture book is intended for pupils speaking Indonesian and are willing to learn English, but they still require scaffolding in accessing the language being learned.

Review on Arogya Chandrika Athava Kudumba Vaidyan - A Literary Treasure of Ayurveda

Kerala has made significant contribution to Ayurvedic literature. The traditional medical knowledge, gained from years of critical observations and clinical experiences has been documented by the great physicians. The medical literature of Kerala can be classified as, commentaries of the original texts as well as independent works based on these texts, compilation works by details of Oushada yogas and Kriyakramas from the Vaidyas. The text book of regional literature are rich source of information’s like formulations and treatment modalities based on geographical, climatic and cultural situations of various regions, based on their thoughts and lifestyle. The text Arogya chandrika athava kudumba vaidyan written by Sri Swami Sachidananda is an important work both from medical and poetic merits. The book was written in Malayalam language because it is specially meant for the native physicians of Kerala. It is a user– friendly text for the guidance of students and physicians. The uniqueness of the text is that it has mentioned simple and potential treatments for common diseases. The text is enriched with grammatical styles like Vritha. The text addresses the preventive as well as curative concept of Ayurvedic thoughts. Arogya chandrika athava kudumba vaidyan can be considered as an important contribution from Kerala’s regional literature to the Ayurveda community. The present paper is to critically analyze the subject matter of the text Arogya chandrika athava kudumba vaidyan. This will definitely enrich the literary data base of Ayurveda.

Thinking about the Future: The Psychology of the Mind and Soul in Judgement Day I

Abstract The Exeter Book poem Judgement Day I has long been considered by scholars to be an inferior Old English poem, failing to reach the literary heights or vivid drama of Judgement Day II or Christ III. However, this comparison is caused largely by the presuppositions that the modern title imposes, rather than matters of content. This paper argues that Judgement Day I is not meant to warn about the Final Judgement but instead is concerned with the present time of the reader as a way to encourage contemplation of their present actions in order to safeguard their soul’s future. To accomplish this, the poem draws on a psychological model of mind-body-soul primarily identified by Malcolm Godden, Soon-Ai Low, and Leslie Lockett. The presence of this psychological model has been previously noted by scholars in other Exeter Book poems such as The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and Soul and Body II. This study draws Judgement Day I into conversation with some of these poems and argues that its focus on safeguarding the soul for its final journey, or siðfæt, is a motif with which many of the Exeter poems engage. Judgement Day I can thus be read as a poem that engages with the themes of many other Exeter Book texts and participates actively in a larger poetic sequence throughout the manuscript.

Diffusion, transformation and hybridization: Taijiquan body culture in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT This study analyzes texts in British books, journals, newspapers, magazines, and websites alongside field research, interviews and visits to training institutions to document the history and expansion of Taijiquan (also known as Tai Chi) in the United Kingdom (UK). By applying Eichberg's “body cultures” model and suggested methodology, this paper explores the spread and change of Taijiquan, and the communication-based dynamics of its diffusion and transformation. This UK-focused research seeks to understand how the cross-cultural spread of Taijiquan contributes to cultural diffusions as part of the globalization process.

LITERATUR REVIEW : EFEKTIVITAS PIJAT AKUPRESUR TERHADAP KEJADIAN MUAL MUNTAH PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting that occurs in pregnant women is a normal symptom and is often found in the first trimester of pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are caused by changes in the endocrine system. The incidence of nausea and vomiting that occurs in Indonesia is much greater than the incidence in the world, namely 60-80% primigravida and 40-60% multigravida. How to cope with nausea and vomiting using non-pharmacological therapy, one of which is acupressure massage. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of acupressure massage on the incidence of nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women. Methods: The method in writing this article is a review of the literature contained in the database of health journals, namely Google Scholar, pubmed, text books, profiles of the Ministry of Health, and the WHO website. The selected articles are based on free full text, open access, in English and Indonesian within the last 10 years. Results: The results of a literature study through databases in health journals found a total of 7 articles on pubmed, 7 articles on Google Scoolar. In the results of the study, there was a significant effectiveness of acupressure massage on the incidence of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the first trimester. Conclusion: Acupressure stimulates the regulatory system and activates endocrine and neurologic mechanisms, by stimulating the hypothalamus to secrete endorphins that provide a sense of relaxation. Keywords: Acupressure; Emesis gravidarum; First trimester pregnant women

Opening Kailasanatha: The Temple in Kanchipuram Revealed in Time and Space

Opening Kailasanatha: The Temple in Kanchipuram Revealed in Time and Space

CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN PAKISTAN STUDIES TEXTBOOK: QUALITATIVE CONTENT ANALYSIS

The current study aimed to evaluate critical thinking skills included in the text-based exercise questions of the Pakistan Studies book at the secondary level. For this purpose, The Pakistan Studies textbook developed by the Punjab Text Book Board was analyzed. Qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the textbook based on revised Bloom’s taxonomy levels as well as nine pre-determined categories of Socratic questions. Categories from both types depict questions about critical thinking skills developed among the learners. It was found that text-based questions of Pakistan Studies were not conducive to the development of critical thinking skills among students. Just one question fell under critical thinking skills among all. Moreover, based on analytical categories, there was little inclination toward questions of clarification. On the other hand, there was no representation of any other category. Therefore, it is recommended that the textbook writers need focus on critical-thinking questions on text-based by the textbook writers to produce critical thinker citizens at the secondary level. Keywords: Critical Thinking, Pakistan Studies, Qualitative Content Analysis, Secondary School, Textbook Analysis

PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR TEMATIK TERPADU BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DI KELAS V SD

Text book is the important component in learning process, it is caused by the content of the text book will be delivered to the students in learning process. Recently, found that the teachers do not develop the textbook which is based on thematic integrated. In teaching the teachers are still be guided by teachers’ and students’ handbooks which are provided by Kemendikbud. There are some weakness in the teachers’ and students’ handbook that used in learning process, and need development. Based on the problem above, the researcher wants to develop the textbook of thematic integrated based on Problem Based Learning. The purpose of this research is to develop the textbook thematic integrated based on Problem Based Learning for fifth grade. The validity, practicallity, and efectiveness of this thematic integrated book for the fifth grade.
 This research used Four-D model. The subject of this research were teacher and fifth grade students in SDN Percobaan Padang and SDN 05 Padang Pasir. The technique of data analysis was analysis of validity,practicality and effectiveness. The data of validity obtained from the validity of textbook. The practicallity observed from the learning, questionaire of teachers’ response, questionaire of students’ response, and interview. The effectiveness conducted from observation of activity and the learning outcome of the students.
 The result of this research were: in definition stage it produced curriculum analysis, needs and students. The cover, acknowledgement, the book guidance, standard of competence and core competence, table of content, chapters and stabdard competence mapping, sub chapters, indicators, purposes of the learning and the steps of Problem Based Learning were the result of textbook design stage. The development stage for the average validity was 3.81 which is valid. The practicality of this research in learning process was 94%, the questionaire of teachers’ respond was 86.11% and for the questionaire of students’ response was 90% and they are included to very practicallity. The disseminate stage for the effectiveness was 87.81% for the percentage of the students. Generally, The learning outcomes of the students was very good. The conclusion was the textbook based on Problem Based Leaning which is thematc integrated and developed had been valid, pracitcal, and effective to use as one of textbook for teaching in fifth grade in elementary school.