Text Books Research Articles

Systems of Integral Equations with a Degenerate Kernel and an Algorithm for Solving Them Using the Maple Math Software

The mathematical literature contains a good description of a scalar integral equation with a degenerate kernel (1), in which all of the written functions are scalar quantities. We are not aware of publications in which systems of integral equations of type (1) with kernels in the form of a product of matrices would be considered in detail. It is usually said that the technique for solving such systems is easily transferred from a scalar case to a vector one. For example, in A.L. Kalashnikov’s text book “Methods for Approximate Solution of Integral Equations of the Second Kind,” systems of equations with degenerate kernels are briefly described, in which the products of scalar rather than matrix functions play the role of degenerate kernels. However, as the simplest examples show, the generalization of the ideas of the scalar case for the case of integral systems with kernels represented by the sum of products of matrix functions is rather unclear, although in this case the idea of reducing an integral equation to an algebraic system is also used. In our opinion, the process of obtaining the conditions for the solvability of an integral system in the form of orthogonality conditions, based on the conditions for the solvability of the corresponding algebraic system, has not been described previously. Bearing in mind the great capabilities of the theory of integral equations in applied problems, we considered it necessary to give a detailed scheme for solving integral systems with degenerate kernels in a multidimensional case and to implement this scheme in the Maple math software. It should be noted that only scalar integral equations are solved in Maple using the intsolve procedure. Since we could not find a similar procedure for solving systems of integral equations, the have developed our own procedure.

Study on the Relationship Between Emotional Rhythm and Children's Emotional Experience

"Owl moon" is an emotionally and artistically compelling picture book about a little girl who sees an owl at night. The purpose of this paper is to explore the performance and role of emotional rhythm in the picture book "Owl moon" from the perspective of emotional rhythm, and the significance of emotional rhythm in the creation and education of picture books. Using the literature research method and the example analysis method, this paper reveals the concrete expression of emotional rhythm and its influence on readers by analyzing the text, images, colors, and other elements in the picture book.

Problematika Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi Siswa Kelas IV di Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to find out the problems that occur in learning Indonesian in elementary schools, especially class IV SDN Gili Barat, Kamal District, Bangkalan Regency, East Java. Participants in this study were class IV teachers and 18 male students and 8 female students with a total of 26 students. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, questionnaires and tests. The first step before observing learning in class, the researcher conducted a case study at school. Furthermore, researchers made observations of student learning in the classroom with the aim of observing the state of the class during direct learning. The instruments used by the researchers were interview sheets with class teachers, observation sheets in class, student questionnaires and oral tests in the form of reading material. The reading material used by researchers is reading text in student books with the title "Weather Conditions". The results showed that the problems in learning Indonesian in class IV-A SDN Gili Barat were that there were some students who lacked vocabulary mastery because students did not use Indonesian in the school environment, inadequate learning facilities and lack of student activity in class and there were 3 students in the category of reading fluently, 7 students can read and 16 students can read fluently.

A Review on the Conceptual Understanding of Hypertension in Ayurveda

Due to rapid modernization there are changes in the life style in terms of habits and food intake, due to which there is alteration in the metabolism leading to various metabolic disorders. Hypertension is considered to be one among them. Ayurveda emphasis completely on Dosha-Dushya vivechana rather than one entity like Nidanas. There are no direct references in our classical texts explaining about Hypertension. Thus one should understand the concept of Hypertension in Ayurveda based on functions of Doshas and Dhatus like Vyana Vata, Pranavata, Rasa-Rakta-Medo dhatu mechanism. As many research works have been conducted on this to understand this condition in detail, it can be comparable to Uccha Raktachaapa, Vyana bala Vaishamya, Dhamani Upalepa etc. As there are different versions of explanation available on this condition in terms of physiological and pathological aspects, a review is done in this article by compiling different versions explained by Acharyas in the Samhitas and different authors in the contemporary and Ayurveda text books for better understanding of the concept, which is fruitful in the line of management. The concept of Vyana vayu in relation to Gatavata, Hridaya in relation Dhamani upalepa the mechanism of occurrence is detailed in the article.

Inquiry-Based Science Teaching and the Development of Teaching Knowledge in Amazonia

Background: In the face of investigations on how Amazonia is presented in textbooks (TBs), it is clear that there is a limitation in approaching this topic, as it is loaded with stereotypes disregarding socio-environmental issues. Objectives: To understand how teaching knowledge is mobilised by teachers from a formative activity centred on investigative teaching sequences in the Amazonian context. Design: With this in mind, we started with an action research. Setting and Participants: It took place in a municipal school in Ananindeu/PA, with the participation of all teachers who worked in the initial years of elementary school of this institution, a total of five teachers, aged between 28 and 49 years. They are the only members of the teaching staff serving the eight classes at the school, in the morning and afternoon shifts, all with a background in pedagogy and at least one specialisation. Data collection and analysis: We used semi-structured collective interviews, recorded in audio and video, which were later transcribed and analysed through content analysis, carried out in three stages: 1 - Pre-analysis, 2 - Exploration of the material and 3 – Treatment of results and interpretation, based on the theoretical framework adopted in the investigation Results: We understand the mobilisation of teaching knowledge in the construction of Investigative Teaching Sequences (ITSs) aimed at the Amazon context, as a viable alternative, since textbooks disregard the reality of Amazonia, making it invisible throughout its entirety complexity. Conclusions: In this sense, the proposition of inquiry-based science teaching through ITSs focused on the Amazonian context favours overcoming this regional neglect. Therefore, teachers and students can start with an investigative process that takes into account relevant and significant themes for both.

Reader influence on the creation of transmedia science fiction: a participatory culture perspective

The term “Participatory Culture” was first put forward by Henry Jenkins in the book Text Poacher with the aim of comparing participation and the bystander (Jenkins, 2015. Participatory culture in a networked era: a conversation on youth, learning, commerce, and politics. Polity Press, Cambridge, UK). The earliest example is the study of the cultural logic of fan groups (or “fan culture”). When it was later studied more extensively, it took on different meanings. It has greatly influenced novels in the cross-media creative environment, and this has not only helped to expand the imagination and inspiration of authors but has also enriched novel plots. It can also increase audience participation and reading enthusiasm. This paper takes China’s science fiction transmedia as its example to analyze the significance and role of Participatory Culture, and it does this with the intention of helping to provide suggestions for the development of transmedia fictions.

Physics Textbooks: the elaboration of instruments for their evaluation and choice

The selection and choice of textbooks represents an action of great teaching responsibility, because a careful and critical evaluation can enable better conditions for the work in the classroom. However, not always this activity occurs with the best conditions, because it is inserted in the already multiple and exhausting teaching actions. In order to contribute to Physics teachers in this task, this paper reports on an investigation that aimed to develop an instrument to guide the selection of Physics textbooks in a more friendly and accessible way. Taking as reference the official normative documents of Brazilian education, the results of research in Physics teaching, the Edital and Teacher's Guide of the National Textbook Program (PNLD) and relying on the proposal for evaluation of textbooks presented by Aran (1996), the instrument makes it possible to evaluate the text books in relation to textual and graphic-editorial aspects and questions related to interdisciplinarity, contextualisation, modelling, problem solving, experimentation, use of texts, information technologies, and evaluation of the content, simplifying and systematising the process for teachers.

US-Iran Relations and its Implications on International Peace and Security

This piece analyses stages of friendly as well as ferocious relationships between United States of America (US) and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The paper identified unhealthy struggle for dominance and the attendant use of surrogates by the countries to achieve their aims. The paper objective centres on ascertaining the causes of the multi-decade sour relations between the states. With the aid of descriptive approach, data obtained from text books, journals, mass media (of international repute), and internet resources were sourced and analysed. Theoretically, Morgenthau’s political realism, with emphasis on interest defined in terms of (political, economic, military and other corollaries) of power was adopted to unravel the relation between the variables. Findings show that US and Iran were allies before a military coup that unseat the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq and restored full political powers to the Shah in 1953. There was a trilateral relation amongst Iran, US and Israel; the relationship, necessitated by the fear of Soviet expansion into Middle East by all parties and amplified by Iran’s strategic position between Far-East and Indian Ocean and the need to protect multiple US economic interests in Iran, instilled fears and suspicion among Sunni majority of the region. The paper, also, traces the non-Arab cultural, linguistic, and historic Judeo and Persian national identities distinct in an otherwise predominantly Sunni-Arab region. Also that a US-Iran war portent the ability to suspend the fragile peace in the Middle East and further wreck the relations between US and host of Iranian super allies. Thus, the paper recommends among others that, there is need for the two sides to maintain their border of influence to allow peace and stability of the international political system though anarchically laden.

Governance, Education and Creative Potentials of Nigerian Graduates: A Discourse

One of the cardinal goals of education in every nation is to develop the minds, creative potentials and skills of the citizens. This can be achieved through a well thought out plans and policies of government, whose constitutional responsibilities include: the formulation and implementation of workable educational policies. Therefore, this study is an attempt to explore the extent of success and failure of education policy in Nigeria with specific focus on the creative potentials and skills of Nigerian graduates for job creation and self reliance, which is one of the goals of education policy in Nigeria. To achieve its objective, the paper adopted the descriptive method of research, in which data provided and analyzed were generated from secondary sources - journals, text books, government publications and internet materials. Findings revealed amongst others that, the rate of unemployment, criminality, insurgency, kidnapping and other social vices are not only consequences of poor implementation of education policy, but also, the unemployability and inability of most Nigerian graduates to create jobs and become self reliant, form part of the resultant effects of poor standard/quality of education in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the paper recommended, amongst others that, for Nigerian graduates to practically develop and utilize their creative potentials and skills for job creation and self reliance, teaching/learning should, indeed, be practical, activity-based, experimental and ICT supported, especially in the sciences, and entrepreneurship development. Government should not only make provisions for financial empowerment that will guarantee a smooth takeoff of creative ventures, but should also, ensure strict supervision to ensure that the money gets to the right individuals and utilized for the purpose for which it was disbursed (job creation).

Content analysis of the independent curriculum physics science textbook from the perspective of critical thinking aspects and HOTS

This study aims to reveal characteristics of critical thinking and cognitive elements in HOTS category questions from the Independent Curriculum Senior High School Physics Science Textbook in the material of Magnitudes and Measurements. This content analysis study employs the descriptive analysis method, as well as qualitative and quantitative approaches. The Science Textbook Physics independent curriculum for class X Senior High School was utilized as the study's sample. According to the findings of this study, the two text books evaluated elevate critical thinking features such as interpretation, analysis, evaluation, explanation, inference, and self-regulation, with the aspect of interpretation prevailing at 35.14% in book A and 33.35% in book B. While the findings of the HOTS category question analysis for both books revealed that both books discovered HOTS category questions with components of analyzing (C4) and evaluating (C5), no HOTS categories were discovered for the element of creating (C6). Most of the problems in the two books are still dominated by LOTS (low order thinking skill) questions, indicating that learning to think at a higher level requires more than just textbooks and direct instruction from the teacher. As a result, in order for students to think at a higher level, direct instruction from the teacher is required.

Etika Komunikasi Pada Media Sosial Berdasarkan Perspektif Al-Qur’an


 The rise of misinformation and lies on social media is one of the unrest that occurs in society which has a negative impact on social life, this incident is because there are still many people who are not wise when using social media to communicate with fellow citizens. The purpose of this writing is to examine the ethics of communication that can be applied by social media users in accordance with the views of the Qur'an so that these social media users get many positive impacts in their lives. writing this article using the method of literature study or library research type of text book analysis. Textbook analysis is reading a number of textbooks for reference. The books used are books on interpretation, books on communication ethics, and books on social media, plus related journals. The results of this writing are obtained in using social media must follow good procedures or rules or commonly referred to as ethics. Communication ethics that are in accordance with the teachings of the Qur'an, namely Qaulan Karima (Q.S Al-Isra verse 23), Qaulan Sadida (Q.S Al-Ahzab verse 70), Qaulan Baligha (Q.S An-Nisa verse 63), Qaulan Layyinan (Q.S Thaha verse 44), Qaulan Maysiura (Q.S Al-Isra verse 28). These communication ethics must be used by social media users so that good relations are established between fellow users and bring good and keep away from bad for its users in personal life and social life.
 Keywords: Communication Ethics, Social Media, Al-Qur'an

Prospect and challenges of integrating indigenous knowledge systems into the Natural Science curriculum in schools

The study explored the prospect and challenge of integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) into the Natural Science (NS) curriculum in schools. An interpretivist research philosophy was employed to guide the data collection process that utilized a qualitative research approach and a case study research design. Interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data from purposively selected NS Heads of Departments (HODs), NS teachers and Head masters in Phongola schools. Findings revealed that IKS has benefits in the NS curriculum, such as contextualising education and acting as learners’ prior knowledge, promoting diversity in class and making it possible for teachers to use field trips and traditional visual materials when delivering instruction in NS classes. Findings also revealed that integrating IKS into the NS curriculum faced challenges like a lack of government commitment to review education policies, lack of IKS study material in schools and extinction of IKS. It was recommended, that the Department of Basic Education should review its policies and integrate IKS as a full knowledge strand in the NS curriculum, document IKS as a full knowledge stand in the NS text books and incorporate IKS in teacher training programmes. Schools should use IKS custodians in communities as resource persons and also involve parents to help their children with their homework on IKS related topics and activities.

Okuma Becerileri Kitabının Metin ve Sorularının İncelenmesi

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından destek kitap olarak dağıtılan 4. sınıflar için Okuma Becerileri kitabının metinlerinin ve sorularını betimsel olarak incelemektir. Yöntem ve Araçlar: Bu araştırmada doküman analizi deseni kullanılmıştır. 4.sınıf Okuma Becerileri kitabı iki araştırmacı tarafından betimsel analize taabi tutulmuştur. Kitapta yer alan metinlerin, metinsel yapısı ve okunabilirlik düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Kitapta yer alan sorular ise Barrett taksonomisinde yer alan bilişsel düzeylere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre kitapta kullanılan metinlerinin büyük birçoğunun okunabilirlik düzeylerinin orta güçlükte olduğu metinlerin %80’inin bilgilendirici metin türünde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Kitaptaki soruların büyük bir bölümünün açık uçlu sorulardan oluştuğu ve çoktan seçmeli sorulara da kitapta sık sık yer verildiği görüşmüştür. Soruların Barrett Taksonomisine göre sınıflandırılması sonucunda ise basit anlama sorularının kitapta diğer basamaklardan fazla yer aldığı ortaya çıkmıştır.

Impact of Oil Pipeline Transportation and Vandalization on Economic Development in Ikwerre Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

This study is on the impact of pipeline transportation and vandalization on economic development in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. Pipeline transportation is the preferred means of transportation of petroleum products in Nigeria. Significantly, this mode of transporting petroleum products has also become a major source of concern in that it appears to negatively affect the economic development of communities in the Niger Delta region. The study therefore, explores the impact of pipeline vandalization on economic development of Ikwerre Local Government Area. The methodology is qualitative. Data for the study is sourced from text books, newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, and documented materials. The findings highlight that the damage from pipeline operations has become chronic and cumulative and has compromised livelihoods and health of the impoverished communities leading to further economic under-development. The study recommends adoption of effective sustainable reforms to encourage responsible petroleum transportation activities in ways that will discourage vandalization and positively influence economic development of host communities in the near and long term.

Research on the Work of the Age of Renaissance

The main research will focus on the works of the Renaissance and the thoughts of the Humanists. In this work, we will have the discussion of the definition of the perfect society and human qualities in the age of the renaissance, and we will select some works from William Shakespeare and Dante Alighieri and try to find their expectations of the new society and their idea about what quality a man should have. Meanwhile, the research will also quote the words from other works of the age of the Renaissance, and some folktales will also be discussed to analyze the citizens' attitude towards society. At the end of the paper, Hedonism and Asceticism will also be discussed. The main tools that will be used in this research will be book manuscripts and historical and sociological analysis. This study will be mainly based on the original text of the authors book. This work will interpret my thoughts through these masterpieces, and we will have a conclusion of what is the perfect society in their eyes. They also discuss whether their ideas have any real-world implications. (Some of the ideas in the following article have not been fully demonstrated. Please ignore and forgive if there is any offense.)

“We Don’t Know Enough About It”: Student Perceptions of Judaism as a Race, Religion, or Ethnicity

This study was designed to explore elementary students’ existing religious literacy about Judaism alongside how they respond to a series of lessons about Judaism that utilize a picture book text set and discussion-based teaching strategies. Participants in the study were third-grade students at a private Christian school in the South. Data was collected via recorded observations, analytic memos, field notes of the recorded observations, and student work. Results indicate that students entered the unit with little to no religious literacy about Judaism. Through participation in the lessons, students gained religious literacy about the Jewish religion, thinking critically about Judaism in relation to their own religious beliefs. They also responded in ways that indicate a humanizing connection between the students and the culture they are investigating.

Spatialisation of non-linear narratives through intertextual reading

This paper explores spatial strategies created through a non-linear continuity of narratives, instead of chronological ones. It employs the creation of multiple narrative possibilities by spatialisation mechanism as a new way of reading an intertextual narrative. This research explores different themes of spatial narratives based on the book Penguin Hate Stuff by Greg Stones. The study utilises the mechanism of spatial manipulation using horizontal and vertical axis towards the episodic events portrayed in the book, questioning the original intertextuality of the book's text, and opening up multiple re-interpretations. The explorations of non-linear narratives demonstrate strategies of spatialisation based on the stitched landscape, the opposition of roles, and collective multiverse possibilities. This study expands the current practice of narratives and architecture by re-reading narrative episodic events in a non-linear way, creating open-ended possibilities.

Analisis Kedalaman Materi Metabolisme Sel pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi SMA Kurikulum Nasional 2013

The curriculum is a set of plans and Settings on purpose, content, and study materials and ways used as a guide to the learning activities arrangements to achieve specific goals. The lesson materials intended in the curriculum need a means to get to the learners. These are possible in various forms, one of which is in the form of a textbook. A good textbook covers all KD and conforms to established content standards. The worthiness of the text book's contents can be judged by the material completeness, the breadth of the material, and the depth of the material contained within it. This observation is intended to analyze the depth of the cell's metabolic materials on the biological subjects of the 2013 national curriculum of the high school, based on a basic competence of the 2013 curriculum from the breadth and depth of matter. The observation method used is the study of literature by searching for information on the matter of observation to be discussed. Based on analysis of some literature studies, it was obtained that the depth of discussion of metabolic materials in common biological subjects in high schools is quite deep. However, the depth varies from one school to another.

Evaluation of Siddha Compound Formulation Mahathoothulai chooranam in Combating Respiratory Illness: A Narrative Review

Siddha medicine is an ancient Indian medical system originated in South India. The holistic approach of the Siddha system finds cure for many ailments and also guides to a perfect living right from conception to death. The ‘S’ in the acronym AYUSH represents Siddha. The Siddha multiherbal formulation Mahathuthulathi chooranam, found in the classical text book Koshayi Anuboga Vaithiya Bramma Ragasiyam - part 2, is indicated for Aiyam (Phlegm) predominant diseases. The review seeks to establish the documented literature on the therapeutic efficacy of the Mahathuthulai chooranam in respiratory illness through a critical review. It was carried out by searching Siddha classic texts from the library of Siddha Central Research Institute, electronic search engines, databases such as Google scholar, Pub Med Central, NLM, Mendeley, Embase, Science Direct etc. The results of the review suggest that the drug can be a part of the comprehensive treatment of adverse respiratory illnesses in addition to prevention of complications in vulnerable risk patients. The drug is substantiated to be a safe and efficacious drug in treating acute respiratory illnesses through supporting evidences. A robust clinical trial is essential to evaluate the clinical outcomes to prove the drug’s efficiency.

Cohesion In the Texts of Arabic Textbooks Written by Indonesian Authors

Arabiyyah Li al-Hayât (ALH) is a book about learning Arabic as a second language written by non-native speakers. The State Islamic University of Malang uses this book as an Arabic learning book. This paper analyses the cohesion in the reading texts (nushush Qira‘ah) used for learning Arabic reading skills in the book. This library research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. This study found that reading texts have several kinds of cohesion markers, both grammatical and lexical cohesion. Grammatical cohesion marker includes the use of pronoun personas and the use of conjunction markers. Lexical cohesion marker includes the use of repetition, that is, the repetition of words. The researchers also found reading texts in ALH books that lacked a relationship of greatness in them.
 Keywords: cohesion, Arabic, reading skill, non-native speaker