Territorial Administration Research Articles

"Местная власть не соответствует действительным потребностям времени…": имперская администрация Северо-Западного края России в условиях роста социальной напряженности начала XX в.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Northwestern Territory of the Russian Empire, which included the Vilna, Kovno and Grodno provinces, was a tangled knot of ethno-confessional, socio-economic and political problems and contradictions caused by the challenges of the new era and requiring an adequate and prompt solution from the local authorities. To the long-term and already familiar to the local administration problems associated with the need for Russification and depolonization of the region, new questions were added, caused by the growing labor movement, which had a special ethnic specificity in the region. The purpose of this article is to identify the main problem points in the activities of the administration of the North-West Territory, isolating from them the shortcomings inherent in the bureaucratic apparatus of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century as a whole and the problems characteristic of this particular region. The study is based on archival and published historical sources of various types, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, allowing you to get an idea of various management practices in the region, conflict situations, many of which were due to the personal characteristics of local management personnel. An important source containing not only information about the state of the region, but also specific proposals to improve the efficiency of local authorities is the " All-Subject Report" of the Governor-General of Vilna, Prince P.D. Svyatopolk-Mirsky, some plots of which are still insufficiently researched. The article examines the main problems of regional management of the north-western outskirts of Russia, which are characteristic of the empire as a whole, which include the lack of a legal framework that corresponded to the realities of the time, the short-term tenure of governors in their posts and the inconsistency of personnel policy in relation to the regional administration, the low level of competence of regional officials at various levels, refusal to cooperate with local public forces, to which the regional authorities experienced a steady distrust. The proposals put forward by P.D. Svyatopolk-Mirsky consisted in developing a modern legal framework for local administration activities, and also defined decentralization of the management system through the transfer of some powers from central departments to managing departments. Based on the material studied, it is concluded that at the beginning of the 20th century, the organization of the work of the imperial administration of the North-Western Territory did not correspond to the realities of the time and faced the need for a global reorganization, the degree of its effectiveness depended on the further stay of the region within the Russian Empire.

МАРКЕТИНГ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ КАК ФАКТОР СОЦИАЛЬНО- ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ, ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ И ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ БЛАГОПРИЯТНОГО ИМИДЖА ТЕРРИТОРИИ

Taking into account changing factors and conditions, high level of competitiveness, emergence of new forms of digitalization, information platforms, development of measures to improve the socio-economic level creates an effective basis for investment attractiveness, favorable image of the territory. In turn, the image of the territory acts as a set of positive characteristics that serve as a concept for the formation of a sustainable economy of a particular territorial object, as well as attracting investments, tourist flow, consumers, population, business projects. This set of actions is largely determined by the marketing policy of the subjects of the region (administration). The relevance of the topic of scientific research on the marketing management of territories is due to the following factors: the more progressive the marketing policy, the higher the level of the subject of the territory; the competitive advantage and an integral condition for the life of any company, regions, countries are their business image, brand; taking into account the development of the digital economy and information tools, there is a need for high-quality administration and regulation of territories. The primary basis for forming the image of the territory is the characteristics of the regions, their resource potential, production activities, opportunities. The objective of the scientific research is the current assessment of territorial marketing in the Russian Federation, the influence of socio-economic development factors, increased investment activity and formation of a favorable image of the territory on the marketing policy of the state and companies. The objectives of the scientific work include: consideration of the concepts and main characteristics and features of territorial marketing, socio-economic development, investment activity, favorable image of the territory; study of the current level of territorial marketing; assessment of problems arising in the development process; determination of the vector of territorial development of marketing activities. The methods of scientific research are the analytical method, forecasting, statistical data method, generalization method. As a result of the scientific research, it was concluded that territorial marketing is the most important factor in socio-economic development, increased investment activity and formation of a favorable image of the territory, therefore the state needs to focus more attention on managing marketing activities.

О ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВОЕННОЙ ЦЕНЗУРЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ В СФЕРЕ ПЕРЛЮСТРАЦИИ ПИСЕМ ВО ВРЕМЯ ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ

The article, based on military censorship reports, analyzes the categories of confiscated letters grouped by topics of criticism or by the moods of the authors. It reveals significant changes in the perception of the events of the First World War in Russia and Belarus. It also studies specific projects of scientific developments in the field of intensification of weapons, the need to establish the production of machine guns, shells, self-propelled mines, “Greek fire”, explosives, the production of submarines, armored field vehicles. There is an analysis of proposals for teaching courses in combating poisonous gases, revision of training of recruits in order to improve the quality of training, reforming the relationship between the rears and the front.. The article describes such functions of military censorship as protective, which consisted in deleting military secret information, the function of informing the authorities about the mood in the army and assessing the events on the front line, punitive, which manifested itself in notifying the military unit about the sender and providing the police with the information about the recipient of the confiscated letter. The following topics, most persecuted by military censorship, are highlighted: an issue of the Great Retreat of Russian troops in the summer of 1915 and the loss of Galicia and Warsaw; the comments on activities of military censorship; lack of information about the real state of affairs and the circulation of rumors; soldiers’ distrust of officers and Command; letters of a humanistic nature; criticism of failed military decisions taken under the fear of disobedience; the issue of incompetence of fire spotters, sappers and trench builders; comparative characteristics of the quantity and quality of machine guns in the Russian and German armies. It is concluded that, due to censorship prohibitions on discussing any information of a military nature, the military authorities and local administration of front-line territories, in our view, often lagged behind in making urgent and timely decisions on the ground. It resulted in accumulating discontent in the army and among civilian population

Cooperative governance in the Mediterranean: developing a macro-regional application model

The European and Mediterranean territorial administrations lack transnational mechanisms that facilitate their active contribution to resolving common global issues that affect them. This situation has led subnational entities to develop their own alliances and collaborations through associations and networks. In this environment of growing cross-cutting and interdependence, concepts such as cooperative governance, territorial governance, or collaborative networks are increasingly present and, at the same time, their meaning becomes more complex. Thus, the need for a cooperative governance system that can facilitate these collaborative processes in a Euro-Mediterranean context has gained relevance. This article arises as a contribution to the need expressed by multi-level administrations at the European and Mediterranean level to define their own cooperation strategies. It presents the main results of a research work on collaborative strategies of various territorial actors (networks, subnational entities, and institutions) carried out during 2023 within the framework of the School of Public Administration of Catalonia. The main objective of this analysis is to contribute to defining an analytical tool that is useful for Euro-Mediterranean territorial cooperation, both in terms of study and policy definition.

ДОХОДЫ И ЖИЛИЩНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КАК ФАКТОРЫ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ДЕМОГРАФИЮ В РЕГИОНАХ

The issues of choosing indicators of well-being, level, and quality of life of the population in the scientific community often cause well-founded discussions. The authors of the presented work believe that one of the most significant indicators, considering the availability of information and a fairly broad interpretation, is life expectancy in the territory. This is since this category reflects the general level of development of the region under study, i.e. describes the health, social, environmen-tal, demographic, political and other spheres now, and considers the prospects of functioning. This indicator is also important for the economy, since it is considered in long-term development pro-grams, directly affects the labor market and the activities of social services. In this regard, the basic indicator in this work is life expectancy. The subjects of the Central Federal District (CFD) are the object of monitoring. In the presented article, based on the identified dependencies for the period from 2000 to 2021, the relationship between life expectancy and infrastructural factors is substanti-ated using the example of the regions of the Central Federal District. The latter have found expres-sion in the real incomes of the population and the number of families in need of a change of housing. From the authors' point of view, the situation is aggravated by insufficient rates of housing renova-tion and insignificant income growth. The studied and identified relationships and dependencies can be applied within the framework of national and regional development, as well as draw the attention of representatives of territorial administrations to the level of satisfaction with housing stock, and the population to issues related to financial capital management.

Development of personnel training system for municipalities

The article investigates the potential for creating the personnel training system for municipal management while considering the demands of the main requesters, including businesses, educational organizations, population, and regional and local governments. The main research methods included document analysis and focus groups, which were implemented at the Presidential Academy as part of the 2nd RANEPA Educational Forum at the end of 2023. The authors have pointed out problems that are impeding the creation of a personnel training program tailored for local government. For example, the system of higher education has a secondary focus on the municipal level – the majority of programs train specialists in public administration. Numerous factors contribute to this issue, including the regulator’s lack of interest in it, young people’s aspirations to migrate within the municipalities, and the increasing frequency of staff shortages at the territorial administration level. The authors conclude that there is a need to intensify the development of specialized training for the municipal level of government. Some examples include establishing a federal competence center, creating a professional standard for municipal employees, enhancing the teaching staff, and actively involving practitioners from local self-government bodies in career guidance work.

Preliminary Observations on Roman Landscape in Moesia Inferior

The arrival of the Romans at the Lower Danube and transforming this area into the Roman province of Moesia Inferior led to a radical change of the landscape. A wide space is occupied and organized by the army. The Romans slowly introduced their own model of territorial administration. It took them almost two centuries and required enormous military resources since the local population mounted fierce resistance. It is still difficult to assess accurately what effect the Roman conquest and the subsequent period of Roman occupation had on the development of the landscape. There can be emphasized few aspects in which the landscape was transformed under the Roman rule: changes in pattern of rural settlements, changes in the nature of land use and agrarian exploitation and changes in organizing the road network. Currently available data are unequal for various archaeological sites and issues outlined. Taking into account not only the position of Moesia – a province at the periphery of the Roman world, characterized by the coexistence of two important cultural patterns: Greek and Roman, without leaving aside the native element, but also the dimensions of its territory, we shall focus on few sites, better studied from the point of view of the Roman landscape and representative for the three sub-regions of Moesia Inferior: limes, the Greek coastal cities and the interior of the province.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ СЛУЖАЩИХ

The article is devoted to the study of the procedure for assessing tools for the implementation and development of professional socialization of civil servants using the example of the territorial administration of the federal property management agency in Moscow. The important role of professional socialization of civil servants as a social phenomenon in the region is substantiated. The issue of optimizing the implementation and functioning of the system for assessing the professional competencies of civil servants is considered, and recommendations are offered for improving the system of professional socialization of civil servants in the region. The significance of the study lies in the generalization of various approaches to the study of this problem in periodical publications. The materials of the work can be used for further study and scientific understanding of the professional socialization of personnel in enterprises.

Industrial Development of the National Republics of the Volga-Vyatka Region during the Implementation of the Reform of Industry and Construction Management in 1957-1965

The author describes the results of the industrial development of the industry of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region (Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) during the implementation of the Sovnarkhoz reform (1957-1965), when instead of the sectoral principle of industrial and construction management, a model of territorial administration represented by the councils of the national economy operated. It is shown that the reform carried out contributed to the intensification of industrial construction in the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region: the existing industrial enterprises expanded and modernized, new factories and factories were put into operation, the structure of industry changed in favor of more knowledge-intensive industries, rationalization developed, labor productivity increased. The growth rate of industry in the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the seven-year period exceeded the average Russian indicators. One of the factors that contributed to the rapid industrial development of the republics at the turn of the 1950s - 1960s was the course of the Soviet government to equalize the socio-economic conditions of various national regions of the country by modernizing their industrial potential. It was concluded that the reform of territorial administration became a powerful impulse to accelerate the development of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region. By the beginning of the administrative reform, all three republics were territories with the predominant development of agriculture, but in the 1960s they turned into industrial-agrarian republics. The increase in the level of industrial development of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region was accompanied by an increase in the level of urbanization, the creation of new educational and scientific institutions, and an increase in the scale of housing construction.

Theoretical and methodological foundations for analyzing agentic transformations in communities

Agential transformations are a concept widely discussed in sociology and related disciplines, notably in the works of Margaret Archer and Pierre Bourdieu. They regard agency as an individual’s internal ability to act, regardless of the constraints of social structures, thus playing a pivotal role in shaping social change. This article delves into the theoretical and methodological foundations of analyzing transformations in communities, utilizing M. Archer’s morphogenetic theory and P. Bourdieu’s notions of habitus and social fields. In 2014, following the Revolution of Dignity, the Ukrainian Parliament voted for the Local Self-Governance and Territorial Administration Reform, better known as the “Decentralization” reform. A cornerstone of this reform was the creation of a new, subnational level of territorial communities. Newly elected local government bodies received substantially more executive powers and fiscal privileges. The amalgamation of communities was voluntary, paving the way for certain transformations. Ukraine’s reform accentuated citizen participation, fostering a culture of accountability. While frameworks like Social Impact Assessment and Community Capaсity and Community Resilience provide insights, they lack tools to assess agential shifts explicitly. Here, Archer’s and Bourdieu’s theories offer a holistic lens, underscoring agency within societal confines.This article explores the theoretical foundations of agential transformations, applying them to the case of Ukraine’s decentralization reform. It underscores the importance of individual agency within the context of social structures and cultural norms, highlighting the value of Archer’s morphogenetic theory and Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and social fields in understanding community transformations. By adopting this holistic analytical approach, researchers and policymakers can gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of community development and design more effective strategies for fostering citizen participation and accountability.

Aspects Regarding the Bessarabian Society in the Correspondence of the President of the Council of Ministers, Alexandru Marghiloman (May-July 1918)

With the Union with Bessarabia, the Romanian government took over a territorial administration influenced by the tsarist regime and then by the events that took place after the Bolshevik revolution in 1917. If the central administration of the country was carried out through the Country Council (legislative power) and the Council of Ministers (executive power) at the county, commune or village level, the local administration was represented by numerous commissions and committees. The Alexandru Marghiloman government was the first to start the process of implementing the romanian administration’s principles.

The Beginnings of the Grants-In-Aid System to Fund School Education in United Provinces in Modern India

The second half of the nineteenth century saw the advent of a change in the hitherto followed traditional system of education in India. The East India Company, tasked with the administration of a vast territory, gradually went from a policy of non-intervention and detachment, towards active reform in the structure of education in India, based on the English model. This paper attempts to capture the early stirrings of modern educational development in India. It seeks to streamline years of structured proposals and policies, ranging from the Charter Act of 1813, to Wood’s Dispatch of 1854, coupled with individual efforts of many officials, that ultimately brought about a grants-in-aid system, to establish modern learning on secular grounds. The system, which sought to achieve the uniform development of educational institutions on non-religious grounds, through grants-in-aid provided by the Government, seemed just and participative, but also suffered from limitations on diverse and vernacular interests.
 Even though the education system in India saw further development to reach its present form, this paper highlights the crucial and imperative understanding we must possess, of the ideals and the means that went into introducing modern education in the country.

The International Administration of Territory as an Interim Peace

The International Administration of Territory as an Interim Peace

Activities of the National economic councils (1957–1964): organizational impasse or the possibility of a breakthrough

The presented research touches upon the issues of the emergence, functioning and liquidation of economic councils. The article shows the main reasons that signaled the beginning of the structural decentralization of the management system, as well as the factors that caused the reverse process.The methodological basis of the presented research is an approach based on the use of the historicism principle. It allows us to analyze historical stages in accordance with the specific historical situation in their dialectical interconnection and conditionality. The application of the historicism principle requires the study of any component of the historical process in its development. Guided by this principle, the author sought to show the transformation of the industrial management system of the USSR in 1957–1964. The principle under consideration was used in conjunction with the methods of scientific knowledge. In his research, the author used such general scientific research methods as analysis, synthesis, deduction and abstraction.The relative effectiveness of the obtained reforms has been shown. At the same time, structural changes in the management system could not give an explosive character to the growth of the industrial sector. The reasons for the curtailment of economic councils lay not only in voluntarism or organizational problems, but in the absence of a single system of decentralized management. Under the slogans of territorial administration, in real practice, sectoral centralized administration was preserved. In addition, the system itself, being inert throughout the reforms, followed the path of strengthening departmental-sectoral management.

Using Public Landslide Inventories for Landslide Susceptibility Assessment at the Basin Scale: Application to the Torto River Basin (Central-Northern Sicily, Italy)

In statistical landslide susceptibility evaluation, the quality of the model and its prediction image heavily depends on the quality of the landslide inventories used for calibration. However, regional-scale inventories made available by public territorial administrations are typically affected by an unknown grade of incompleteness and mapping inaccuracy. In this research, a procedure is proposed for verifying and solving such limits by applying a two-step susceptibility modeling procedure. In the Torto River basin (central-northern Sicily, Italy), using an available regional landslide inventory (267 slide and 78 flow cases), two SUFRA_1 models were first prepared and used to assign a landslide susceptibility level to each slope unit (SLU) in which the study area was partitioned. For each of the four susceptibility classes that were obtained, 30% of the mapping units were randomly selected and their stable/unstable status was checked by remote analysis. The new, increased inventories were finally used to recalibrate two SUFRA_2 models. The prediction skills of the SUFRA_1 and SUFRA_2 models were then compared by testing their accuracy in matching landslide distribution in a test sub-basin where a high-resolution systematic inventory had been prepared. According to the results, the strong limits of the SUFRA_1 models (sensitivity: 0.67 and 0.57 for slide and flow, respectively) were largely solved by the SUFRA_2 model (sensitivity: 1 for both slide and flow), suggesting the proposed procedure as a possibly suitable modeling strategy for regional susceptibility studies.

Rural Decentralisation Amid the Political Instability: a Case Study of Gorkhaland Territorial Administration Region of West Bengal

Rural Decentralisation Amid the Political Instability: a Case Study of Gorkhaland Territorial Administration Region of West Bengal

Vallée de la Gastronomie-France: Label, brand or network?

Vallée de la Gastronomie-France: Label, brand or network?

Features of Soviet Industrial Development in 1957–1964 (On the Example of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics)

Introduction and Methods. The relevance of the work is due to the demand for the experience of the economic council reform, including its regional aspect, at the present stage of Russian modernization. The basis of the methodology of the work is the modernization historical paradigm, aimed at the study of various kinds of progressive transformations of society, noted in the process of its development. The main methods used are comparative-historical, historical-cultural, problem-chronological. Results and Discussion. The economic councils of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash economic administrative regions already in the first years of their existence showed very worthy economic results. The decentralization of the economic sphere, the removal of bureaucratic “obstacles” stimulated the rapid development of new high-tech industries in all three republics: electrical, machine-building, metalworking, instrument-making, etc. However, having given the industrial development of the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics a maximum exhausted itself quickly. Founded in the early 1960s the crisis phenomena were expressed in the growth of isolation of the economic regions headed by economic councils as economic cells striving for self-sufficiency (autarky), which gave rise to a number of problems, in particular in matters of supplies between different economic regions, in drawing up plans and their implementation. The regional material of the studied republics eloquently testifies to the typical (universal) nature of such negative manifestations. Conclusion. For the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, the main result of the economic reform was, in fact, their synchronous transformation from agrarian-industrial to industrial-agrarian regions. The rather rapid pace of this process (1957–1964) can be explained by the decentralization of the economy that occurred as a result of the economic reform, which brought management closer to production and unloaded the industrial management system from excessive bureaucracy. However, the effect of decentralization turned out to be extremely short-lived, since the shortcomings of the territorial administration system soon showed themselves, leading to the rapid exhaustion of its capabilities.

Socio-Political Interaction of Citizens and Authorities in the Context of Transport Innovations (Reform of Kuzbass Cities)

Introduction. Currently there is a tendency of intensity of manifestation of social and political relations in the socio-political interaction of the population and government representatives. Citizens in the conditions of network reactive communications in the information field, are included in the stages of planning and implementation of territorial administration, demonstrate a request for innovative projects, products and practices of interaction in the urban area. The purpose of the study in to study the nature and features of the socio-political interaction of citizens with the authorities in the mode of mastering transport innovations. Materials and Methods. During the check, the method of content analysis was applied. It was possible to obtain separate units of measurement – estimates of the use of financial innovation resources in the cities of Kemerovo and Novokuznetsk. The analysis of news portals and publications of city events, as well as public pages of communities in social networks, revealed active, loyal and passive categories of users of transport services, discovered and associated with the development of social innovations, including strategies for attitudes and behavior towards the movement of residents of the region. Results. The experience of passenger transport reform has shown the presence of contradictory civic assessments and requests for innovation, the population is confidently involved in active and responsible, judging by the statements of many residents, participation in the development and filling of the urban environment with new communication practices. As a result of the research, we have found slightly different strategies for mastering innovations. In Novokuznetsk, the initiators of the innovation chose a more dynamic and transport-oriented strategy. The main corrective and mobilizing stages were carried out directly in a given time lag. In Kemerovo, a strategy (model) of consistent incorporation of transport innovations into the existing scheme of urban communications was applied. There are noticeable differences in the use of instrumental, economic, cultural and social resources within the framework of the introduction of transport innovations. Discussion and Conclusion. According to the results of the research, it was possible to find the following areas that require the attention of researchers and managers: the relevance of network communications in relation to urban problems (“digital policy”); social communications of the urban population and the authorities in the conditions of reactive relations; transport passenger communication of the city (urban agglomeration). The study is of practical comparative interest in organizing innovative urban projects for sociologists, researchers of the territory, administrative and political managers.

Austrian Cadastre still in use – Example proceedings to determine the legal status of land property in southern Poland

The cadastral map is a large-scale cartographic record of property ownership that preserves the dimensions and shape of an owned land parcel on the earth surface, but also the spatial relationship of all individual parcels to each other. There are hundreds of thousands of cadastral maps to be found all over the world. Cadastral maps aided land assignment and taxation, presenting statistics essential for territorial administration, or as a symbol of state control over land. The historical land cadastre introduced in the early nineteenth century in the Austrian Empire, was the foundation of many countries' land register systems. One of the areas it covered was Galicia, a southern part of Poland annexed by Austria in the eighteenth century during the Partitions. The study evaluates the use of old Austrian cadastral maps in southern Poland, mainly in matters related to property boundaries. The Austrian Cadastre lost its importance in Poland after the Second World War due to sociopolitical changes. Still, it became a source of data on real property boundaries once again after the 1989 transformation, which restituted and enhanced ownership rights. Today, modern court proceedings on boundary disputes, easement appurtenant decisions, release of property, grant of property title, or usucaption often need to refer to historical legal sources, including the Austrian Cadastre (cadastral maps and land tax registers) to determine ownership boundaries. The paper presents numerous examples of modern uses of historical land cadastre documents, including cadastral maps and land tax registers in land surveying and legal procedures in Poland. The results show that data from the historical land cadastre remain a source of information when determining ownership boundaries despite the time passed. Therefore, the cadastral documentation offers not only historical and research value but also a practical one.