Territorial Administration Research Articles

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

Gas distribution and transportation networks make up the gas supply system. Providing natural gas to the public and the economy is the primary objective of the gas delivery system. Every nation's gas supply network is strategically vital since the cost of natural gas directly impacts the goods and services that are produced and rendered there. It is true that developed nations are looking for innovative technology for natural gas extraction because it is a non-renewable resource. Founded during the Soviet era and throughout multiple phases of development, the Republic of Armenia's gas supply system is a component of the worldwide network. The Public Services Regulatory Commission and the Armenian government, through the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure, oversee the country's gas supply industry. The article discusses the Republic of Armenia's domestic natural gas market's supply and sales, its background and present state, investment initiatives, and features that increase the system's operational efficiency.

La erosión de la gobernanza: Una revisión a las causas, consecuencias y caminos a seguir desde el territorio

This article systematically reviews territorial governance and its erosion as critical factors in the planning and management of emerging cities, with a particular focus on the Peruvian context. The erosion of governance, characterized by decreasing effectiveness in territorial administration and regulation, presents significant challenges for achieving sustainable urban development and strengthening democracy. The research highlights how the lack of operational planning and management instruments, together with low data-driven public action contributes to this erosion, negatively affecting territorial articulation and service provision. In response, territorial governance is proposed as a renewed paradigm that emphasizes comprehensiveness, citizen participation and adaptability to address these challenges. It is argued that, through the strength of territorial governance, it is possible to foster sustainability, equity and social cohesion in emerging cities. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of integrating territorial governance into territorial planning and management processes to counteract the negative effects of urban development and promote a more resilient and democratic future for Peruvian cities.

Current Assessment of the Wetland Carbon Pool in Different Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation

A current more detailed assessment of the bog and wetland areas in the Russian Federation (RF) and the carbon stock in their peat layers has been conducted. Compared to the previous assessment (Vompersky et al., 1994), the creation of the geoinformation system (GIS) “Bogs of Russia” at the Institute of Forestry Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Vompersky et al. 2005), allowed to include, in addition to the cartographic basis, replenishable layers of thematic content and to determine the areas of peatlands and carbon stock in their peat layers not only for the whole country, but also for separate constituent entities of the Russian Federation country as a whole, but also for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is important for the administration of each constituent territory to be aware of the peat reserve volumes in order for sustainable nature management to be maintained. It is shown that the area of bogs and marshlands amounted to 328 million hectares, peat stock — to 216.3 billion tons (abs. dry mass). The stock of carbon associated with the peat was 108.7 billion tons. Compared to previous estimates, the area decreased by 11% and carbon stock by 4%. The Annex to the article contains the data on the bogs and wetlands areas, overall carbon stock in their peat layers and specific carbon stocks per unit area of bogs and wetlands for different constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The carbon stocks estimates were also obtained separately for the main groups of bog and wetland habitat types.

“Where Treasures Arise:” Mining Knowledge, Mining Sites, and the Spatial Rationalities of Mineral Resources in Qing China

A comparison between nineteenth-century Europe and Qing-dynasty Yunnan reveals how mining knowledge shaped ways of understanding and organizing mineral resources in space. In Europe, stratigraphic geology, prospecting technologies, and mapmaking generated new rationales to understand mineral resources and their distribution in space, a process entangled with the rise of the nation-state and its exercise of power over the qualities of its territory. In Qing China, due to the lack of modern mining and geological knowledge and the gulf between miners and officials, mineral resources and their distribution were understood purely by reference to mining sites, in particular chang (廠 mine, literally “factory”). Territorial administration, taxation, and transportation were the primary mechanisms utilized to organize these mining sites, and through them governments and officials controlled information on mineral resources and envisaged their spatial distribution. The map was not an authoritative tool for presenting mineral resources in space but instead demonstrated more the Qing's hegemony and local governance than the pursuit of precision. Drawing upon Margo Huxley's insights into spatial rationality, this study problematizes space in the epistemic understanding of mineral resources in a pre-modern context and reassesses historical implications of the legibility of nature for political rationalities governing natural things.

The Process of Enlargement of Ra Communities, Problems, their Review and Further Development (On the Example of the Enlarged Communities of Lori Marz, RA)

The foundation of state administration and the execution of socioeconomic initiatives are heavily reliant on communities, whose efficacy is demonstrated by the steady and well-balanced growth of the state management system as a whole. The administrative territorial division carried out by the state, as an institutional system, ensures stable development and efficient management. This division serves as the foundation for the future formation and distribution of powers among local self-government bodies and state and territorial administration. It should be mentioned that the Republic of Armenia’s “On Administrative Territorial Divisions of the Republic of Armenia” law permits community units to be divided or united depending on metrics used to assess the efficacy of an ongoing process and the degree of predetermination of possible risks, consequences and obtained results. On November 10, 2011, the government of the Republic of Armenia approved the “Program for the consolidation of communities and the formation of intercommunity associations.” To summarize, we note that community consolidation is an already existing process, the progress and success of which depends on the results of the consolidation program as a whole. However, it is necessary to regularly and carefully calculate the possible negative consequences of the consolidation of communities and develop more effective measures to neutralize them. This is the only way to get positive results.

THE MODEL OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE / ՀՀ ՏԵՂԱԿԱՆ ԻՆՔՆԱԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՄԱՆ ՄՈԴԵԼԸ ՄԻՋԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ՓՈՐՁԻ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ

The aim of the research is to analyze international experiences in territorial administration, comparing them with the local self-government system of the Republic of Armenia (RA), highlighting both similarities and areas for improvement. This article focuses on studying international models of territorial administration and their relevance to the context of RA. We examine various models of local self-government, their management methods, and the primary sources of community revenue formation, conducting a comparative analysis. Additionally, we explore the local self-government system in RA, examining the methods of revenue generation and highlighting its unique aspects. Within the study, we emphasize the need and significance of modernizing revenue sources within communities. We provide recommendations considering areas for improvement within communities and emerging development trends. These recommendations include the introduction of a new type of tax, the hotel tax, as well as deductions from income tax, profit tax, environmental tax, and royalties.

Analiza strukturalna i zróżnicowanie pegmatytów w starożytnym twierdzeniu, Giraúl IV, dystrykt pegmatytów Namibe, Angola

Since the early 60´s, in the past XX century, the Giraúl pegmatites have been known for their resources of beryl, mica and feldspars, which were exploited in a regular basis from Giraúl claims I to IV till 1974, during the Portuguese administration of Angolan territory. A broader exploration of this pegmatite field was performed by the ancient Lobito Mining Company (LMC) engaged in detailed geological mapping of the granitic pegmatites and the structural constraints of their location. A structural map of the region was than elaborated, combining the interpretation of aerial photographs with field work performed by the LMC geologists. Recently, a growing economic interest is attributed to these claims, in the region of Bulamucolocai, Pitau and Muvero desert-dry rivers (locally known as “Mulolas”), considering the Li, Cs, and Ta (LCT) metallic specialization of some pegmatite bodies and the occurrence of beryl and tourmaline gemstones, mainly, morganite (Cs-beryl), aquamarine and also elbaite-liddicoatite. Giant crystals of spodumene, up to 6 m in length, define individualized quartz + spodumene units inside some of the more typical LCT pegmatite bodies. Pollucite was identified in the main pegmatites of Giraúl IV claim and not in the adjacent igneous leucocratic breccias. These, in turn, correspond to a complex pegmatite assemblage, very peculiar in what concerns its selective metasomatic effect over some surrounding rocks, with the formation of rims of holmquistite amphibole in contact with gabbro and norite and schorl-dravite tourmaline in contact with gneissic to metapelitic hosts. The breccia-like granitic rock combines clasts of spodumene an K-feldspar with a matrix mainly composed of some quartz, albite and mica including tourmaline, garnet and F-apatite, as accessory minerals. In the same area, huge potassic pegmatites hold giant crystals of microcline and orthoclase and very little quartz, being unusual due to its high content of triplite – zwieselite and triphylite – lithiophilite primary phosphates. The overall composition of these pegmatites is more likely syenitic (low quartz content) than truly granitic. A high-resolution structural analysis of the LCT ensemble (pegmatite plus related lithotypes) is now proposed enhancing the unusual relations between granite breccia plugs, sill-like more typical pegmatites, irregular shaped isodiametric bodies and products of metasomatism. This approach will lead to the understanding of the true dimension, anatomy and inner fraccionation of the different LCT facies and rare-metal deposits with obvious consequences regarding mineral detection and resource – reserve estimation, through the proposal of a more suitable conceptual model to rule its exploration.

Institutional discrimination and local chauvinism. The combative role of pro bono lawyers in defence of migrant minorities’ welfare rights

ABSTRACT The paper deals with the issue of institutional discrimination in relation to the welfare access of migrant minorities in Italy, with a specific focus on the subnational level. Adopting a socio-legal approach that is based on a series of lawsuits, it discusses the role of pro bono legal advocacy in identifying and removing bans introduced by territorial administrations against migrant minorities. First, the paper examines what kind of explicit and implicit criteria of exclusion were introduced. Second, it explores the reasons behind, highlighting why and how «Italians first» has become a widespread welfare politics at subnational level as well as to what extent such sentiment has led to an obstinate resistance for the application of anti-discriminatory principles. Third, the paper brings to the attention the series of obstacles that pro bono lawyers encounter in their activity, showing which problems influence their mission against institutional discrimination in Italy.

Динамика культурно-политического развития ингушского народа в 1920–1930 гг.

The dynamics of the cultural and political development of the Ingush people during the 1920–1930s is examined in the article, focusing on the gradual elimination of their statehood. It presents an overview of the contradictory policies of Soviet power in the region. On one hand, processes of modernization and Europeanization were pursued under a unified Soviet policy, while on the other hand, they exhibited regional specificities. The inherent contradictions in the Soviet power’s national policies were inevitable within the totalitarian model of command-administrative systems. Despite declaring internationalism as the basis for a future communist society, the practical process of autonomization often involved the territorial division along ethnic lines, which sometimes did not align with the local population’s national composition. Territorial administration was arbitrary, leading to land disputes that remain relevant today. The Soviet government, pursuing a policy of cultural development of the Ingush Autonomous Region, creating a network of educational institutions, forming national personnel from among the Ingush, simultaneously carried out repression of the Ingush intelligentsia. This process was accompanied by territorial disturbances, resulting in the loss of established infrastructure alongside the loss of statehood. The policy of “korenizatsiya” (indigenization) was marked by excesses; however, the struggle for the cultural development of the Ingush people, as an integral part of the ideological work of the Soviet state, ultimately achieved significant successes.

Духовенство калмыков-казаков Дона во второй половине XIX – начале ХX вв.

Introduction. The article reveals the issues of the organization of the service of the Buddhist clergy on the Don in the second half of the 19th century, implemented during the reform of the administrative and territorial administration of the Kalmyk nomad. In this sense, this article is a continuation of the article published in the previous year in the 3rd issue of the scientific journal “Mongolian Studies”. The purpose of the article is to show the socially useful activities of the Buddhist clergy, its introduction into the administrative management system of the Don Army region, its role in the development of education, the complete, final transition of the Don Kalmyks to a settled life and management. Results. A major reform of the land system in the Kalmyk nomad and the service of the Buddhist clergy with a change in the status of its main hierarch occurred in the 1870s. The Buddhist clergy experienced its consequences during the war and social upheavals together with its people.

“No woman's land?” The gendered patterning of urban street names in Romania

The gendered patterning of urban street names as part of the spatial production of broader male-centric memorial landscapes has been documented in a growing body of scholarship. Scholars from various cognate fields, such as cultural geography, gender and memory studies, and urban sociology, have unraveled the stark gender disparities favoring men inscribed into symbolic landscapes through place names, public monuments, and other memorial artefacts. This article sets out to overcome some of the limitations characterizing this strand of research – namely, the lack of statistical sophistication and the preference for case studies based on singular cities – by developing a multi-level modelling of gendered street nomenclature at the national level. The approach developed in this paper employs the complete collection of urban street names in Romania to assess the empirical adequacy of five hypotheses regarding the gendered structuring of the country's urban namescape. This analysis highlights the factors underpinning the variation of gender disparities in terms of Romania's historical regions, ethnic demographics and local ethnopolitics, city ranking within the national territorial administration and intra-urban stratification of the road network, as well as the effects brought about by postsocialist transformations.

Approaches to the Effectiveness Assessment of Territorial Development from the Perspective of ESG-Principles

Municipal territorial management is a classic mechanism of territorial administration, which involves the nomenclature operation of existing engineering and social infrastructure facilities located in a certain area of the municipality. Such a mechanism for managing territories is characterized by relatively low economic returns, due to the limited resources of the administrative apparatus of the municipality and the complexity of the proprietary property structure of the administered territories. These factors together form a situation where municipal authorities provide the process of managing territories with standard measures to maintain urban infrastructure in a functional state, with the priority of stabilizing the socio-economic situation in the territory of the municipality. To optimize the territorial management system at the present stage of development of management mechanisms of territorial administration, comprehensive systems for assessing the development of municipalities are used, a striking example is the urban environment quality index. However, this indicator can also be used to assess the predisposition of municipal territories for the implementation of development projects based on taking into account energy stability, the natural environment and the market situation within a particular city. The article describes a conceptual model for supplementing and improving the existing system for assessing the urban environment in the form of the urban environment quality index, developed by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the proposed mechanism for modernizing the system is to determine indicators of the stability and potential of the energy system of the municipalities under consideration, as well as their integration into the system for assessing the quality index of the urban environment from the perspective of development design, as well as assessing the development potential of the territory based on ESG-principles.

Реформирование властных структур в имамате Шейха Мансура

The article is devoted to state-legal construction in the imamate of Sheikh Mansour. Having studied all available scientific publications and materials on the life and work of the «first Imam of the Caucasus», as well as the movement named after him, the author reveals the main directions of the evolution of the power structures of the state created by him. Despite the relative scarcity of legal sources related to this topic, the work outlines the most significant aspects of the reforms of administrative and territorial administration, social policy, fiscal service and the military department of the imamate.

Data mining model for the study of the system of quotas for the catch of aquatic biological resources

Objective. Extraction of aquatic biological resources is an important sector of the Russian economy. Along with the achievement of high economic indicators, which are aimed at harvesters, in the foreground, in addition to production, the requirement to preserve populations and maintain the diversity of aquatic biological resources is also highlighted. Achieving the goals set on the basis of the listed requirements is possible by increasing the efficiency of processing information obtained from operational reports collected by departments of territorial administrations. The lack of automation in the processing of spreadsheets and the generation of analytical reports in manual mode makes it difficult to form a clear generalized picture of the state of the industry. Method. In the present study, methods of data mining analysis, analysis of statistical data were used. Result. A data mining model has been developed to study the system of quotas for catching aquatic biological resources, created in the Loginom program. Conclusion. The developed model allows not only to estimate the levels of development of quotas, but also to predict the levels of development using the arimax module, and also shows the possibility of creating a full-fledged information system for accounting for the extraction of aquatic biological resources based on it.

Legal Analysis of Regional Leader Coordination Forums to Support the Implementation of Regional Government Duties and Functions by Government Regulation Number 12 of 2022 in Indonesia

This investigation points to discovering out and analyze the lawful investigation of territorial authority coordination gatherings to bolster the usage of territorial government obligations and capacities in agreement with government control number 12 of 2022 in Indonesia, to discover out and analyze the supporting and repressing variables for the advancement of the Territorial Administration Coordination Gathering organization. in supporting the usage of the obligations and capacities of regulating common government issues, to recognize and analyze endeavors to overcome the variables hindering the Organizational Advancement of the Territorial Administration Coordination Gathering in supporting the execution of the obligations and capacities of regulating common government undertakings in Indonesia. This inquiry is a subjective inquiry about utilizing an inductive approach. The investigative strategies utilized are perception, documentation and interviews. Based on the results of the field examination, it can be concluded that there has been no improvement in the Territorial Administration Coordination Gathering in Indonesia, but the usage of the obligations and capacities of regulating common government undertakings is still being carried out in a few locales. Within the advancement handle, the existing restraining components did not become an issue within the Organizational Improvement of the Territorial Authority Coordination Gathering in Indonesia.

О ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВОЕННОЙ ЦЕНЗУРЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ В СФЕРЕ ПЕРЛЮСТРАЦИИ ПИСЕМ ВО ВРЕМЯ ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ

The article, based on military censorship reports, analyzes the categories of confiscated letters grouped by topics of criticism or by the moods of the authors. It reveals significant changes in the perception of the events of the First World War in Russia and Belarus. It also studies specific projects of scientific developments in the field of intensification of weapons, the need to establish the production of machine guns, shells, self-propelled mines, “Greek fire”, explosives, the production of submarines, armored field vehicles. There is an analysis of proposals for teaching courses in combating poisonous gases, revision of training of recruits in order to improve the quality of training, reforming the relationship between the rears and the front.. The article describes such functions of military censorship as protective, which consisted in deleting military secret information, the function of informing the authorities about the mood in the army and assessing the events on the front line, punitive, which manifested itself in notifying the military unit about the sender and providing the police with the information about the recipient of the confiscated letter. The following topics, most persecuted by military censorship, are highlighted: an issue of the Great Retreat of Russian troops in the summer of 1915 and the loss of Galicia and Warsaw; the comments on activities of military censorship; lack of information about the real state of affairs and the circulation of rumors; soldiers’ distrust of officers and Command; letters of a humanistic nature; criticism of failed military decisions taken under the fear of disobedience; the issue of incompetence of fire spotters, sappers and trench builders; comparative characteristics of the quantity and quality of machine guns in the Russian and German armies. It is concluded that, due to censorship prohibitions on discussing any information of a military nature, the military authorities and local administration of front-line territories, in our view, often lagged behind in making urgent and timely decisions on the ground. It resulted in accumulating discontent in the army and among civilian population

Cooperative governance in the Mediterranean: developing a macro-regional application model

The European and Mediterranean territorial administrations lack transnational mechanisms that facilitate their active contribution to resolving common global issues that affect them. This situation has led subnational entities to develop their own alliances and collaborations through associations and networks. In this environment of growing cross-cutting and interdependence, concepts such as cooperative governance, territorial governance, or collaborative networks are increasingly present and, at the same time, their meaning becomes more complex. Thus, the need for a cooperative governance system that can facilitate these collaborative processes in a Euro-Mediterranean context has gained relevance. This article arises as a contribution to the need expressed by multi-level administrations at the European and Mediterranean level to define their own cooperation strategies. It presents the main results of a research work on collaborative strategies of various territorial actors (networks, subnational entities, and institutions) carried out during 2023 within the framework of the School of Public Administration of Catalonia. The main objective of this analysis is to contribute to defining an analytical tool that is useful for Euro-Mediterranean territorial cooperation, both in terms of study and policy definition.

ДОХОДЫ И ЖИЛИЩНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КАК ФАКТОРЫ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ДЕМОГРАФИЮ В РЕГИОНАХ

The issues of choosing indicators of well-being, level, and quality of life of the population in the scientific community often cause well-founded discussions. The authors of the presented work believe that one of the most significant indicators, considering the availability of information and a fairly broad interpretation, is life expectancy in the territory. This is since this category reflects the general level of development of the region under study, i.e. describes the health, social, environmen-tal, demographic, political and other spheres now, and considers the prospects of functioning. This indicator is also important for the economy, since it is considered in long-term development pro-grams, directly affects the labor market and the activities of social services. In this regard, the basic indicator in this work is life expectancy. The subjects of the Central Federal District (CFD) are the object of monitoring. In the presented article, based on the identified dependencies for the period from 2000 to 2021, the relationship between life expectancy and infrastructural factors is substanti-ated using the example of the regions of the Central Federal District. The latter have found expres-sion in the real incomes of the population and the number of families in need of a change of housing. From the authors' point of view, the situation is aggravated by insufficient rates of housing renova-tion and insignificant income growth. The studied and identified relationships and dependencies can be applied within the framework of national and regional development, as well as draw the attention of representatives of territorial administrations to the level of satisfaction with housing stock, and the population to issues related to financial capital management.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ СЛУЖАЩИХ

The article is devoted to the study of the procedure for assessing tools for the implementation and development of professional socialization of civil servants using the example of the territorial administration of the federal property management agency in Moscow. The important role of professional socialization of civil servants as a social phenomenon in the region is substantiated. The issue of optimizing the implementation and functioning of the system for assessing the professional competencies of civil servants is considered, and recommendations are offered for improving the system of professional socialization of civil servants in the region. The significance of the study lies in the generalization of various approaches to the study of this problem in periodical publications. The materials of the work can be used for further study and scientific understanding of the professional socialization of personnel in enterprises.

Industrial Development of the National Republics of the Volga-Vyatka Region during the Implementation of the Reform of Industry and Construction Management in 1957-1965

The author describes the results of the industrial development of the industry of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region (Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) during the implementation of the Sovnarkhoz reform (1957-1965), when instead of the sectoral principle of industrial and construction management, a model of territorial administration represented by the councils of the national economy operated. It is shown that the reform carried out contributed to the intensification of industrial construction in the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region: the existing industrial enterprises expanded and modernized, new factories and factories were put into operation, the structure of industry changed in favor of more knowledge-intensive industries, rationalization developed, labor productivity increased. The growth rate of industry in the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the seven-year period exceeded the average Russian indicators. One of the factors that contributed to the rapid industrial development of the republics at the turn of the 1950s - 1960s was the course of the Soviet government to equalize the socio-economic conditions of various national regions of the country by modernizing their industrial potential. It was concluded that the reform of territorial administration became a powerful impulse to accelerate the development of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region. By the beginning of the administrative reform, all three republics were territories with the predominant development of agriculture, but in the 1960s they turned into industrial-agrarian republics. The increase in the level of industrial development of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region was accompanied by an increase in the level of urbanization, the creation of new educational and scientific institutions, and an increase in the scale of housing construction.