Terminological Word Combination Research Articles

The Role and Place of Terminological Word Combinations in the Terminological Systems of the German, Russian and Tatar Languages

The relevance of this article is due to the growing role of word combinations in enriching terminological vocabulary in the German, Russian and Tatar languages. In the center of terminological nomination there are terminological word combinations, which can be interpreted by a more complex structure of terms of a certain professional sphere and concepts in the intellectual activity of professionals. Terminological word combinations allow clarifying the available concept. Terminological word combinations appear at later periods of development of terminological systems. Terms – word combinations are considered to be the most productive way of nominating concepts that undergo changes over time and can be simultaneously used as abbreviations. Terminological word combinations are different from free word combinations and phraseological units. The purpose of the article is to describe the features of a terminological word combination.In addition, the article describes productive models of the formation of terminological word combinations in the German, Russian and Tatar languages. All possible structural types can be combined into substantive-substantive and attributive-substantive word combinations. The materials of the article can be useful in teaching the German, Russian and Tatar languages, as well as for courses in comparative typology and lexicology. The results can also be used in the study of particular terminological systems and in the description of the professional language personality.

MORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH DENTAL TERMINOLOGY

The article deals with the study of dental terms in the English language. The final aim of the work is to study and analyze morphological features of the given group of medical terms. The research has been done on the basis of several dictionaries, namely Dental Dictionary, New Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus of the English Language, The Oxford English Reference Dictionary. The volume of investigated material is 180 terms, obtained by consecutive selection. Terminology constitutes the greatest part of every language vocabulary. It is also its most intensely developing part, the class giving the largest number of new formations. The following structural subgroups of the analyzed terms have been singled out: simple terms, compound terms, terminological word combinations. Affixation if the most widely used word building pattern.

SPECIFICS OF PROFESSIONAL VOCABULARY OF PEDAGOGICAL ORIENTATION

The article deals with the questions about the study and systematization of terminology vocabulary of pedagogical orientation. The features of the professional vocabulary of a teacher are described. The conclusion regarding the specifics of English terminological word-combinations of pedagogical branch is made. Specialists in the pedagogical field are often in foreign countries, where knowledge of English is required. Free proficiency in a foreign language, together with professional skills, will allow a specialist to get decent work and build a successful career, working with foreign specialists. Consequently, possession of the skills of foreign language broadcasting is part of the professional competence of the teacher. In modern conditions of science and technology interest in the professional vocabulary of a particular field of knowledge is gradually increasing. Close attention to the language of different specialties is due, first of all, to the fact that special vocabulary occupies an important place in the system of national language. As a result of the development of the pedagogical field there is a constant expansion of the terminology of the language, which, accordingly, causes the need for inventory, unification and codification of lexical units of language in this specialty.

ЛЕКСИЧЕСКОЕ ВАРЬИРОВАНИЕ КАК МЕХАНИЗМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЙ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МАКРОПОЛЯ ДЕЛОВОГО ДИСКУРСА В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ)

The article is devoted to the analysis of lexical variation processes in terminological word-combinations related to the business area in English. The author considers the problem of semantic and functional identity and difference between terminological word combinations with varying components. The results of the study allow the author to reveal some features of lexical variation in the field of terminology, as well as to determine the criteria for the presence or absence of semantic and functional identity and difference of units with varying components.

АФФИКСАЛЬНОЕ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ В ВОЕННО-МОРСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

The article examines affixal word formation in English naval terminology. The authors identify the prefixes and suffixes most frequently used for the formation of naval vocabulary. Affixal derivatives may belong to different parts of speech - nouns, adjectives, verbs - and can form military terminological word combinations. The relevance of the study is in the fact that affixal means is highly productive in the formation of English naval terms.

ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ПОДЪЯЗЫКА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ И ПОЧВЕННОЙ МИКРОБИОЛОГИИ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ, УКРАИНСКОМ И РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

The article presents the results of studying terminological word-combinations in the sublanguage of agricultural and soil microbiology in the English, Ukrainian and Russian languages. The author shows that the syntactic method to form terms of this sublanguage is rather productive both for the English, Ukrainian and Russian languages. The paper analyzes structural, semantic and functional peculiarities of terminological word-combinations in the mentioned languages and concludes that two-member combinations prevail over the compound ones consisting of three, four and more components.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИНОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ТЕРМИНОВ В СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОМ И ПЕРЕВОДЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТАХ

The article justifies the necessity to study English economic terms, describes their peculiarities, and identifies the difficulties associated with the translation of English economic terminology into Russian. The author concretizes conditions for qualitative translation, introduces the classification of English economic terms on the basis of their structural-semantic analysis, examines the techniques to translate economic terminology into Russian and proposes a model to translate multi-component terminological word-combinations, which helps to raise the quality of translation.

Rendering Imagery in the Semantic Structure of Stable Terminological Word Combinations

Rendering Imagery in the Semantic Structure of Stable Terminological Word Combinations

THE SUBJECT MATTER OF TRAINING FUTURE TRANSLATORS TO RENDER ENGLISH SPECIALIZED DISCOURSE INTO UKRAINIAN: A COMPETENCE APPROACH

The article describes the research into the structure of subject, terminological and translation competences required for teaching future translators to render English specialized discourse into Ukrainian. The study was conducted on the material of the English-language texts related to Daniel Gile’s model of specialized discourse comprehension and his sequential translation theory. The problem requires research to define the scope of the subject knowledge, related terminology and the factors affecting the translation technique choice in rendering the definite texts into Ukrainian. The accomplishment of those objectives constituted the aim of the research. Basing on the logical and linguistic analysis, the authors present their findings concerning the notional structure of the mentioned theories underlying the respective texts, as well as the terminology corpus to mark their constituent notions. The article established the content of the superficially similar terms related to translator’s competence, such as ‘professional competence’, ‘subject competence’, ‘terminological competence’ and ‘translation competence’, all of them being the components of the translator’s professional competence. Regarding the subject competence composition, the article reviews the concepts of the ‘model of translation’, ‘sequential model of translation’, ‘specialized discourse comprehension model’, having split them into the notional constituents representing the bulk of the said competence. Following the efforts to identify the composition of the ‘translator’s terminological competence’, the authors have accumulated a considerable amount (247) of terminological entities, which mark the basic notions within the field-related subject competence, to be incorporated into the field-related terminological competence structure. For the sake of the translation competence research, the selected terminology was then classified into appropriate structural clusters. To this end, the authors distributed the terminological units into groups according to their structural features. Such distribution provided a reliable ground to analyse the translation techniques applied to each of the various groups’ terminological constituents with the purpose to identify the hypothetic correlation between the structure of the term and the translation techniques application. The latter was limited to the one required to provide for the adequate rendering into Ukrainian the English-language texts, related to the aforementioned models. The article offers its original findings concerning the correlation of translation techniques in rendering English terminological word-combinations into Ukrainian, as well as makes some assumptions concerning the nature of the impact the word-combination structure has on the choice of translation techniques.

Functioning of Ukrainian Terminological System of Architecture

The Ukrainian terminological system of architecture is a definitely organised, historically caused, communicative system of elements which functions, constantly changing internal and external communication at different levels of consistency. The terminological fund of representation of architecture knowledge demands settlement, therefore its research gets a special relevance. The national terminological system of architecture changes and updates constantly, because there are new concepts which are necessary to name, and there are new terms accordingly. Despite it, there is no clearness in formulation of definitions even for key concepts in this area of human activity, the choice of use and systematization of certain terminological units is not always successful, and synonymy of terms is actively used for base standard documents, the scientific special literature, lexicographic editions on architecture. Architecture terminology is a considerable layer of the Ukrainian terminological system with inherent common features for a system (presence of system elements, system signs, the criteria which are inherent for a system) and original Characteristics (specificity of concepts and terms’ relations, the special thematic and structural organisation which is the basis for allocation of architecture terminological system and allocates features of the language system organisation of(word-formation, grammatical, lexical). Elements of architectural terminological system form systems of objective realities, systems of terms, systems of corresponding concepts, systems of definitions of these concepts. When these systems function, they limit architectural terminology. It is very important to understand architectural terminology not simply as the mechanical sum of corresponding terminological units, terms and terminological word combinations, and accurate terminological system which has certain logic communications between its elements, structural components. There is a direct or indirect communication between terms which limits terminological system of architecture. Constant development and increase in quantity of terminological units, quantitative and qualitative changes of terms which unite in terminological system, define limitlessness of modern Ukrainian architecture terminological system. Exploring the practical problems of education terms and problems of architectural terms’ standardization the professional norm is fixed in the special literature (educational, methodical, statutory acts, state standards, scientific articles). Not always dictionaries in standard terminology consider professional terminological norm. The modern Ukrainian terminological fund of architecture makes specific, quantitatively big and qualitatively various layer of terminological lexicon in the typological characteristic of system. Architecture terminology is a component of Ukrainian terminological system with characteristic common features for system both the especial thematic and structural organisation which has differences in the language organisation of system.

СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНИХ ТЕРМІНОСПОЛУК У НАУКОВІЙ МОВІ СУЧАСНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article analyzes the structural features of economic terminological syntagm of idiomatic type. The author defined semantic and grammatical modifications in economic terminological syntagm that underlie in their creation. The research shows that terminological word-combinations that appeared as a result of translation from English with the conservation of secondary nomination are selected and analyzed.

ТОРГОВІ ТА ПРОМИСЛОВІ ПРИВІЛЕЇ ЯК ІСТОРИЧНІ ПРОТОТИПИ ПРАВ ЗА ДОКУМЕНТАМИ ДОЗВІЛЬНОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ

ТОРГОВІ ТА ПРОМИСЛОВІ ПРИВІЛЕЇ ЯК ІСТОРИЧНІ ПРОТОТИПИ ПРАВ ЗА ДОКУМЕНТАМИ ДОЗВІЛЬНОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ

Principles of formation of the new English-language vocabulary of the social and educational sphere

The article deals with the questions about the study and systematization of terminology vocabulary of socio-pedagogical orientation. The features of the professional vocabulary of social teacher are described. The conclusion regarding the specifics of English terminological word-combinations of socially-pedagogical branch is made.This article presents the basic principles of making English-Ukrainian dictionary of social and educational sphere and the necessity of its publication. It is defined the urgency of the dictionary for the specialists in this direction. The analysis of research and publications on the subject of study and systematization of terminological vocabulary and their translation is observed. Attention is given to the fundamental problem of the dictionary – capture and translation of the definition of social and educational terms, corresponding to the world standards. The structure of the dictionary is analyzed.Analysis terminology of socio-pedagogical orientation and development of vocabulary is fairly urgent problem from a practical point of view. After all, social pedagogue is a professional in a particular field increasingly seeking to take up work with foreigners to exchange professional experience. Therefore, specific professional vocabulary of professionals of this area is a great interest for linguistics.

CONCEPT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM OF THE ECOLOGICAL DISCOURSE

The article deals with the structural-and-semantic characteristics of the concept SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT as one of the basic world outlook concepts of the modern global conceptual sphere. It is a complex, multi-layer mental unit that has a diversified mental space. The objectification of the concept is implemented on the extensive basis of international treaties, academic, and applied publications in traditional and electronic media. The content of the concept is characterized by a certain hierarchy and consists of the nuclear (the basic concept), near nuclear zone (the derived concepts of the first level), close periphery (the derived concepts of the second level), distant periphery (the derived concepts of the third level), and the outermost periphery or adjacent concepts. The basic concept SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT forms its nuclear; thus, a terminological word combination explicates the primary nomination of the concept. The near nuclear zone consists of the derived concepts of the first level that conceptualize the main cognitive characteristics of the basic concept, they are as follows: SUSTAIN (SUSTAINABLE), DEVELOP (DEVELOPMENT), COMMUNITY, ECONOMY, COMMUNITY CAPITAL, CARRYING CAPACITY, EQUITY. These concepts are marked by a considerable concept- forming potential: when combining with one another they form new derived concepts differentiating new notions and further building up the notional basis of the sustainable development concept. The following mechanism of enriching the basic component with new meanings has been observed: a content segment of the interpretative field of a concept gets further development and starts functioning as a new derived concept of the next level. The interpretative fields of the concepts of the second level intersect. The notions of the primary and final interpretative fields and their definitions are introduced. Some concepts of the near nuclear zone demonstrate a multi-module structure of the informative content: the modules of the derived concepts expand the cognitive characteristics and foster the further development of the key notions of the conceptual system forming cognitive chains from a narrower notion to a broader one. The derived forms of the concept SUSTAINABILITY (SUSTAINABLE, SUSTAINABLY, UNSUSTAINABLE, UNSUSTAINABLY) get evaluative meanings and create separate segments of the evaluative zone of the concept. Further perspectives of the research are connected with the complex analysis of the concept SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT as a coherent mental unit and the investigation of its macrostructure, it is also important to expand the language basis of the nominative field of the concept under research.

Ukrainian translatin of English aviation composite terms with original morphemes

The article deals with the translation of aviation terms-compounds with original morphemes from English into Ukrainian. The regularities of structural integration of components in English and Ukrainian aviation terms-composites were found. The types of structural and semantic transformations in translation were analyzed. The material was taken from dictionaries of aviation terms and original scientific texts (sublanguages aviation). Revealed that original morphemes after-, down-, off-, -out, over-, self-, -up are involved in the formation of English aviation terms composites. There is a lack of correlative phonetic equivalents for these morphemes in Ukrainian language and also thanks to their origin these morphemes are polysemantic. These factors make it impossible to use some kinds and techniques of translation. Polysemantic character of original English morphemes defines the complicated semantic structure of lexical units, coexistence of lexical-semantic variants with similar meaning. It requires from a translator not only to involve the wider context, but also to have specialized knowledge in the field of aviation. The correlation of original and borrowed elements finds expression in the presence of two equivalents in the Ukrainian aviation terminology – native (pre-Slavic origin) and borrowing (Greek or Latin origin) morphemes that are close or absolute synonyms. This leads to the formation of the lexemes that have a common root and synonymous prefixes. However, they can not qualified always as terms-variants and can not be used interchangeably. The original and borrowed morphemes in English aviation terminology system are in close synonymous relations, but the free interchange of morphemes in the text is almost impossible for various reasons. In most cases there are some factors that affect the choice of variants. English aviation composite term changes its categorial belonging depending on whether it's used as a standalone term or used as a part of terminological word combination. In English aviation terminology system the synonymy of original and borrowed morphemes creates serious difficulties for a translator. The morpheme anti- can enter into synonymic relations with prefix de-. In some cases they have one and the same Ukrainian equivalent. For example, in the recipient language the term anti-icing has two equivalents – антиобмерзання and протиобліднювальний. Therefore when translating the term anti-icing, the translator makes a choice considering the syntactic context. The search of Ukrainian equivalents to the English aviation composite terms, which include the morphemes, happens taking into account specificity of the terminological units formation in Ukrainian and English. Translator must consider the semantic relation between the constituents, the terms parameters system and the peculiarities of formants which are typical for terminological models.

ЛИНГВОКУЛТУРОЛОШКИ СТАТУС ЛЕКСЕМЕ КАМЕН

У раду се испитује језичка слика природе тако што се анализом одговарајућих номинационих јединица покушава описати начин на који говорни представници српског језика сагледавају своје природно окружење. За ово истраживање одабрана је лексема камен. На основу речничких података описано је њено лексикографско и психолингвистичко значење и разматрани су устаљени изрази и фразеологизми у чији састав улази дата лексема. Њихова анализа потврдила је полазну претпоставку да поменута номинациона средства одражавају основне когнитивне механизме, као и симболичке, архетипске и друге елементе културе.