Field Of Terminology Research Articles

Қазақ және түрік тілдеріндегі төл сөздер арқылы жасалған дипломатиялық терминдер

This article discusses the formation of specific diplomatic terms between the Kazakh and Turkish languages, and also shows their relevance at the present time. The work analyzes the semantics and lexical composition of diplomatic terms in Kazakh and Turkish languages. It is known that today the phenomenon of globalization is accelerating the integration process in all fields of science. It is important to define the terms of the modern Turkic languages that have arisen from linguistic integrity and established their own characteristics, to show their closeness and specificity, to determine their place in science. Since diplomatic terms are a common problem in many areas, they will no doubt help to understand the basis of this phenomenon. In the field of terminology, a comparison of diplomatic terms in Turkish and Kazakh can lead to the development of new scientific views and new findings. Because, defining general terms in the Turkic languages, we focus on identifying the main difficulties in communication between diplomats and business people. The study of diplomatic terms of the Kazakh and Turkish languages is an important and urgent issue in terminology. In connection with changes in diplomatic science, it is necessary to increase the number of common diplomatic terms in order to strengthen cooperation between Turkic languages. The creation of a common base of terms will contribute to the further fruitful development of diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey

НАЦІОНАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНА СПЕЦИФІКА НОМЕНКЛАТУРНИХ ЗНАКІВ (НОМЕНІВ) НА ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ АВТОБУСНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

У пропонованій статті продовжено дослідження методології моделювання автотранспортного номена, здійснено спробу віднайти й виокремити із загального масиву номенклатури насамперед корпус відонімних моделей номенів, розглянути їхню етимологію й природу значення. Особлива увага закцентована на національно-культурній специфіці онімного складника номенклатурних знаків (номенів) на позначення автобусної техніки українського виробника. Заналізовано й схарактеризовано автобусні номени з позицій широкого трактування номенклатурно-мислительних процесів як прагнення зафіксувати в об’єкті культурологічні цінності соціуму. Ключові слова: номенклатурний знак (номен), номенклатурне моделювання, онімний складник, автобус.

СПЕЦИФІКА СЕМАНТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНІЙ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ

У статті досліджено семантичні процеси як чинники розвитку термінологічної лексики. Розглянуто специфіку таких семантичних процесів, як розширення, звуження й зміщення значення у сфері української науково-технічної термінології. На численних прикладах продемонстровано, що семантичний процес розширення значення в термінології супроводжується детермінізацією й ретермінізацією, процес звуження значення – термінізацією й ретермінізацією, а процес зміщення – термінізацією, ретермінізацією й транстермінізацією. Доведено, що мотивують семантичні процеси в термінології метафоричне переосмислення й метонімне зрушення вихідних значень. Ключові слова: семантичні процеси, термінологія, розширення значення, звуження значення, зміщення значення, метафора, метонімія.

Концептуалізація знань галузі аерокосмонавтики в модусі «образ-сенс» на матеріалі кіносценаріїв

The article is devoted to the study of terminological conceptualization in aerospace industry based on the multimodality approach. Multimodal text analysis, in particular of the scientific texts, involves the study of communication and its means by combining several modes of communication, including native, oral and written speech, as well as resources of other semiotic systems (graphics, architecture, audio, video, digital media, etc.). The purpose of the article is to identify lexico-semantic features of aerospace terminology in multimodal texts, to clarify the definition of polycoding text, to analyze the term in the multimodal aspect, to analyze the method of semantic fields used for the classification of aerospace terms and to define the basic semantic fields of aerospace terminology. The concept of multimodality refers to human senses, primarily visual and auditory. The human senses are stated to be intermediaries in the communication process. Any information presented in the oral or written form is perceived by a person as a result of stimulation of the receptors of various sense organs, each of which corresponds to a certain area in the brain in which information is processed. Texts, sounds, video series, etc. are means of transmitting information or modes (visual or semiotic resources) that contain and transmit certain content. The polycode or multimodal text is a type of text in which the sense of lexical units can be understood through several modes of communication (oral and written speech, graphics, sound and so on). The usage of terms in media discourse, speeches, screenplays is an important factor in the extralinguistic development of language, which, accordingly, affects the functioning of terms, can lead to changes in its lexical, semantic, functional and structural features. Therefore, the term acts as an element of polycode text. The term as a semiotic phenomenon represents the connection between the referent that exists in objective reality, its meaning and phonetic and graphic form. In this way, taking into consideration its (term) multifunctionality, we can conclude that studying the term’s nature in the aspect of multimodality in the most appropriate. The presence of various modes of information transfer in polycode texts in the communication process makes it possible to take into account both verbal and nonverbal factors in the analysis, which contributes to a comprehensive study of the terminological unit. The use of semantic fields to describe terminological vocabulary is associated with the division of terminological units into certain lexical-semantic groups, which are separate microsystems within the system of aerospace terminology.

Specifics of Translating Osteopathic Terminology from English into Latvian

The present article explores the complex issue of translation in the field of biodynamic osteopathic terminology. Due to the status of this discipline in Latvia, terms in the source language (English) still need to be transposed into Latvian, implementing the process of secondary term creation. The research examines community-generated translation practices and provides an overview of the resulting situation. The principles of terminological work are based on the communicative and frame-based theories of terminology, with the grounding principles of the General Theory of Terminology (GTT). The methodology includes qualitative and quantitative analysis of term translations obtained from 7 respondents, based on a corpus of 229 terms extracted from course books and didactic CDs in the field of biodynamics in osteopathy. The resulting data on user-generated translation practices can serve as a basis for further exploration of the given terminology in a more prescriptive key.

STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE COMPUTER TERMS OF THE UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Nowadays more and more attention in linguistics is paid to the linguistic analysis of special vocabulary of various branches of knowledge. The terms explain various special concepts that form terminological systems. And each terminological system outlines the system of concepts of individual sciences, scientific directions, phenomena of different branches of knowledge. The article examines the structure and attempts to identify the classification features of terminology related to the field of computer technology in Russian and Ukrainian. A number of researches and views of scientists on the definition of “term”, “terminology”, “structure” are analyzed. The opinion of scientists who studied the translation of computer terms and covered the problems of terminology in general is taken into account. Modern works in the field of computer terminology are researched, thematic directions of computer vocabulary development are revealed and classified. The object of research is computer terminology, and the subject – the peculiarities of their structure and construction. The terms of both Slavic languages were classified according to the method of creation, ie morphological features, as well as according to the method of combining components, compared and certain conclusions were made. An attempt is made to outline the structural features of computer terms and word-forming processes in them in order to comprehensively study them in the Ukrainian and Russian languages. Simultaneous analysis of computer terms in Ukrainian and Russian revealed a significant number of borrowings of Latin origin or terms created on the basis of elements of Latin words. The analysis shows that most monosyllabic terms are formed by interlingual borrowings. A sign of today is also the use of computer terminology in oral speech, which leads to the formation of uncodified vocabulary with its own structure – computer jargon as a means of intercultural communication. It is noted that the process of borrowing from English continues, which characterizes the terminology in both Slavic languages with a high degree of internationalization. Based on the research of scientists, the basic principles of further development of computer terminology in both languages have been formulated.

Актуалізація загальнонаукових понять у процесі вивчення майбутніми вчителями педагогічних дисциплін

The article presents an extensive description of general scientific concepts as a methodological basis for studying pedagogical disciplines by future teachers. The essence, functions of general scientific concepts, the meta-subject character of general scientific concepts in the context of the conceptual and terminological field of pedagogical theory and practice have been characterized. Typical mistakes of future teachers’ work with the conceptual and terminological nomenclature, in particular in the use of general scientific concepts, have been defined. The essence and operational characteristics of actualization as a process of transfer of the potential state of the subject to the state of activity, the features of the actualization as a psychological and pedagogical phenomenon in the educational process have been revealed. The necessity of implementing the principles of systematization, continuity, contextuality in the work with general scientific concepts when studying pedagogical disciplines in class has been proved. The author has specified the forms and methods of actualization of general scientific concepts in the process of studying pedagogical disciplines (a conceptual warm-up; compilation of thesaurus; text analysis; compilation of clusters, «concept trees»; creative tasks; visual series etc.).

Health Creation as a Basic Component of Educational Institution Activities

The article analyzes the terminological field that characterizes the description of activities aimed at preserving, improving and maintaining the health of the subjects of education. An attempt is made to create a scientific thesaurus of the conceptual field of activity of the department of life safety and health protection and to clarify the terms: «health creation», «health saving», «health formation», «healthy lifestyle», «health culture», «health education», health subjects of education, etc.

Peculiarities of professional tarining of higher education seekers of pedagogical specialties in conditions of emergency remote teaching (on the example of classical and technical universities)

The article considers the problem of organization of professional training of higher education seekers of pedagogical profile in conditions of emergency remote teaching on the example of classical and technical universities. The authors clarified the essence of the terminological field of research «online education», «mobile learning», «emergency remote teaching», and characterized their features. Based on scientific generalizations and results of empirical research, essential features of organization of professional training of higher education seekers of pedagogical specialties in terms of classical and technical universities were determined, the algorithm of certain actions, which will lead to achieving success in educational activity, and its components were named. The necessity of establishing contact between all participants of educational process; the necessity of setting priorities in determining the workload of students with educational material; the necessity of implementing a competence building approach in the organization of individual work of students; the necessity of using cooperation technology; the necessity of choosing and implementing cloud tools of virtual interaction of participants of the educational process were characterized. In the course of questioning higher education seekers of pedagogical specialties in terms of classical and technical universities, the peculiarities of organization of professional training of future higher education teachers in conditions of emergency remote teaching, their influence on the success of higher education seekers in professional training and motivation to study were established.

Теория человеческого капитала: систематизация подходов на основе критериев взаимосвязи его развития со структурными изменениями в мировой экономике

The article is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical approaches of the theory of human capital and its definitions involving the coverage of concepts in historical retrospective. The relevance of the issue is due to a rather serious growth of the terminological field, which complicates the further theoretical conceptual development. Therefore, the aim of the article is to systematize existing approaches and basic concepts of human capital based on changes caused by interchangeable technological structures. The research methodology is based on the use of content analysis, historical and structural approaches. The research basis is classical studies of the theory of human capital as well as the work of Russian scientists over the past ten years. After the collection of scientific papers representing the conceptualization of theories of human capital was completed, selective work was analyzed (the selection was made by experts), which are of interest for systematizing and correlating the concepts of human capital with the theory of technological structures. Through content analysis, a multi-axis map of the «human capital» perception formed from the middle of the 20th century to the present moment was constructed. Such technological arguments were developed and described as «trends affecting the market and the nature of labor» and «education», as technological changes provoke sharp changes in the labor market and requirements for human capital. Moreover, the factors of its genesis and accumulation are changing. As a result, a systematization of human capital concepts was also proposed based on the criteria for interconnection with a change in technological patterns. This study can serve as the basis for further research on human capital in the context of technological and world economic structures. As an option to deepen this direction, we can offer an analysis of existing concepts of human capital based on the criteria for the relationship of its development with structural changes in the global economy.

НАСКРІЗНІ ЗМІСТОВІ ЛІНІЇ В ПОЧАТКОВІЙ ШКОЛІУ

Introduction.The article considers the es-sence of the competence approach to teaching primary school students. The article highlights the views of well-known Ukrainian scholars on the modern terminological field of a competent approach to teaching pupils general secondary educational institutions. It is established that under the competence approach in education it is advisa-ble to understand the orientation of the educational pro-cess to the formation hierarchically subordinated system of key, general subject and subject competences in pupils.The publication presents the structural-functional rela-tionship between the cross-cutting content lines, key, subject competences and their cross-cutting skills in im-plementing a competent approach to teaching primary pupils in New Ukrainian School. The priority of the development of subject competences in the implementation of the competence approach to teaching primary pupils is shown. It is concluded that the purpose of primary education in modern conditions is the comprehensive development of the child's personality in accordance with its age and individual psychophysiological characteristics and cogni-tive needs, the formation of cultural and moral and ethical values, mastery of key and subject competencies and cross-cutting skills, necessary life and social skills. to life in a democratic and information society and continuing education in primary school. Achieving this goal are cross-cutting content lines in primary school, which involve the development of children of junior classes socially signifi-cant cross-curricular topics that contribute to the formation of their notions of society as a whole, develop the ability to apply knowledge in practice. Cross-cutting content lines are an effective means of integrating basic and general subject competencies, subjects and subject cycles in pri-mary education.

НАЦІОНАЛЬНО ОРІЄНТОВАНЕ НАВЧАННЯ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЛІНГВОДИДАКТИЧНОЇ ПАРАДИГМИ XXI СТОЛІТТЯ

The article deals with modern views on the concept of “nationally oriented foreign language teaching”, presented in the linguo-didactic discourse of domestic and foreign scholars of the last decades. The author reveals and characterizes its evolution as one of the basic concepts of Russian and Ukrainian language education as foreign languages. It is found that they relate to the subject matter, content, and operational components of this phenomenon. There are significant changes in the views of scholars on taking into account students’ native language in teaching these languages by speakers of languages with different systems. There is a growing interest in didactic and linguistic data processing of the analysis of Chinese and Russian (Ukrainian) languages and their practical implementation. In terms of content, priority is given to culturally oriented and ethno-psychological aspects of mastering foreign language in a monocultural and multicultural educational environment. The innovative approach to this issue is also manifested in the increasing attention of researchers to the peculiarities of cognitive, mental and educational activities of Chinese-speaking students, formed by the national linguistic and methodological tradition, which is radically different from the national communicative and active lingvodidactic paradigm and needs appropriate methodological correction. Prospects for further study of the issues raised in our investigation are related to the research of a number of “new” terms in the terminological field of the basic concept of “nationally oriented foreign language learning”, as well as from the normative and codification side.

The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in Ensuring the Social Security of the State

Purpose: The article considers social entrepreneurship as a tool for ensuring social security - a promising option for solving various problems of modern society (unemployment, including vulnerable groups of the population, social adaptation, personal self-realization, selfsufficiency, etc.). Design/Methodology/Approach: The authors highlight the need to create the necessary prerequisites for expanding the business activity of social entrepreneurship through the implementation of scientifically sound and well-formulated state incentive policy Findings: the results of the analysis of the terminological field of social entrepreneurship are presented. Practical Implications: a clear understanding of the economic boundaries of social entrepreneurship will create an adequate legal framework for its functioning and form criteria for referring to it for the possibility of participating in competitive and grant projects to obtain extra funding. Originality/Value: in the context of social security, the problem of social entrepreneurship has not been previously studied, while it has significant potential in light of the need to improve the quality of life of citizens (especially complicated by the negative consequences of the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19), which, of course, is an essential component of social security.

Метонімічні транспозиції у термінологічному полі «хвороби тварин»

У статті розглянуто механізми застосування метонімічних перенесень в англомовній термінології ветеринарної медицини. Проаналізовано термінологічні одиниці англомовного термінологічного поля «хвороби тварин», які виникли внаслідок метонімії; виділено найпродуктивніші моделі метонімічних транспозицій, що є актуальним для їх систематизації та стандартизації. З'ясовано, що метонімічні терміни утворені за загальномовними та загальнотермінологічними моделями, однак виявлені специфічні моделі метонімізації, які характерні лише для термінологічного поля «хвороби тварин», а саме: «назва ураженого органа – назва хвороби», «назва ситуації, за якої виникла травма – назва хвороби», «етіологія – назва хвороби», «збудник хвороби – назва хвороби», «процес – хворобливий стан». На основі аналізу фактичного матеріалу доведено, що метонімічний перенос є ефективним механізмом формування термінів ветеринарної медицини, зокрема термінологічних одиниць термінологічного поля «хвороби тварин». Вивчення метонімічних транспозицій у ветеринарній термінології дає можливість структурувати терміни, мотивовані метонімією, розрізняти моделі метонімічної номінації, а також з'ясувати специфічні особливості номінації нових концептів у ветеринарній медицині.

LINGVISTIČKA OBILJEŽJA NJEMAČKOG JEZIKA U KONTEKSTU PRAVA EUROPSKE UNIJE NA PRIMJERU AMSTERDAMSKOG UGOVORA

This paper aims at exploring linguistic features of the German language of law within the supranational legal system of the European Union. In the theoretical part of the paper, linguistic features of the German language of law are presented and analysed based on the prior research of legal texts in the German language. In the empirical part of the paper, linguistic features of the German language are analysed on the corpus of the Amsterdam Treaty with reference to the categorisation of linguistic features established in the theoretical part. The results of the analysis should indicate which linguistic features are specific for the Treaty of Amsterdam as an example of founding treaties of the European Union and to which extent they differ from general features of the German language of law. Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of excerpted examples at relevant linguistic levels. Based on the fact that different legal systems generate different legal concepts as well as specific legal terminology and phraseology, the hypothesis of this paper is that in the text of the Treaty of Amsterdam, as one of the primary sources of the EU law, the most striking differences shall be discovered in the field of terminology and phraseology, i.e. at the levels of morphology, lexicology and style.

ГРОМАДЯНСЬКІСТЬ ЯК ІНТЕГРАТИВНА ЯКІСТЬ ОСОБИСТОСТІ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ФАХІВЦЯ

Метою статті є аналіз змістових аспектів поняття «громадянськість» як інтегративної особистісної якості майбутнього фахівця, складової його громадянської професійної позиції. У контексті розкриття термінологічного поля окресленої проблеми проаналізовано дефініції поняття «громадянськість» як категорії соціології, політології, психології, педагогіки. Узагальнено, що громадянськість є соціально-психологічним поняттям, позаяк у ньому фіксується психолого-етичний зв’язок особистості з державою, а як складне ціннісно-емоційне утворення спонукає до участі у громадянському житті. Наголошено, що громадянськість є якістю особистості, яка не надається людині формально, а виховується в ній і розглядається як кінцевий результат її громадянського виховання. Закцентовано на характеристиці громадянськості як цілісного особистісного утворення; як зовнішньої та внутрішньої сторони структури особистості, взаємозв’язаних і взаємозумовлених, що посилює внутрішню сутність громадянськості, актуалізує прояв громадянської позиції. Зроблено висновок, що громадянськість є інтегративним у змістовому сенсі поняттям, а підготовка майбутнього фахівця для будь-якої професійної галузі має забезпечити формування в ньому громадянськості, наявність якої дозволяє стверджувати про сформованість в особистості громадянської позиції й готовності до її прояву.

The Problem of Harmonization of Linguistic Pictures of the World (The Case of Western European and Chinese Medicine)

The article discusses the problem of coexistence of different types of rationality, different scientific and linguistic pictures of the world as well as the problem of the adoption by one culture of another culture’s scientific picture of the world with accompanying transformations of the linguistic picture of the world of the recipient culture. The article deals with the experience of mutual research and collision between Western and Chinese traditions, using the example of medical science. The author examines the problem of the transfer of scientific medical knowledge from Western to Chinese culture in the context of a radical mismatch of scientific and linguistic pictures. The articles considers two different approaches to the translation of Western medical terminology into Chinese, developed at different times by English translators Benjamin Hobson and John Fryer. Hobson was focused on harmonizing new terminology with the usual concepts of the world language picture of the recipient. Fryer preferred to introduce new specific terms, artificially created directly for the needs of a new scientific picture of the world. In the field of medical terminology, the first of the two approaches turns out to be more viable, since it is more focused on its “end users” – Chinese doctors who study Western medicine in order to use its methods in their medical practice. Therefore, there is only partial applicability of the approaches, methods and terminology developed in one tradition for the evaluation and development of another tradition.

До питання про порівняння понятійно-термінологічного поля галузі спеціальної освіти в українській та англійській мовах

До питання про порівняння понятійно-термінологічного поля галузі спеціальної освіти в українській та англійській мовах

ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РУССКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ СПОРТИВНОГО ПРАВА

By the material of the Russian sports terminology, the article examines a relevant problem of modern terminological studies associated with the development of sectoral terminological systems of the mixed type, which are called secondary. The author analyses the peculiarities of the systemic organization of sports law terminological field consisting of micro-fields of different levels of differentiation. The analysis has allowed the author to identify the sources for replenishing the Russian sports law terminology, the peculiarities of term formation and semantic peculiarities of legal terms. It contributes to the comprehensive linguistic analysis of a certain terminological system and allows extrapolating the findings to other terminological systems of the mixed type with a view to clarify the general theory of a term.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE GENDER-EQUITABLE ENVIRONMENT IN THE FOREIGN AND UKRAINIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

The article deals with a theoretical and methodological analysis of the organization of a gender-equitable educational environment in the context of foreign and native approaches. The terminology field of the research in the foreign and native scientific literature is determined. The peculiarities of the organization of a gender-equitable environment in the USA, Canada, Germany and the Scandinavian countries are characterized. The common and different features in methodological approaches were identified. The conceptual-categorical apparatus of the research (“Gender Equitable Learning Environment”, “Gender-balanced Education”, “Gender Equality in Education”, “Gender-equitable Education”, “Gender-fair Education”, “Non-discrimination Education”, «Non-sexist Education”, “Human Rights Friendly School”) is given. The progressive ideas of implementation of foreign experience to the native practice organization of a gender-equitable educational environment are highlighted. The author’s interpretation of the concept “gender-equitable environment”, its content and structure (spatial-subject, psychodidactic, social components) are formulated. The gender-equitable environment is creative-developing, health-saving, non-discriminatory and inclusive environment for children, which are relevant to the principles of social justice, gender equality, child-centrism, egalitarianism, non-discriminatory education, and “partnership pedagogy”, gender “matrix” of humanistic pedagogical heritage. The conceptual model of creating a gender-equitable environment on the basis of the integration of competency, personal oriented and gender approaches in the context of reforming the national education is substantiated. The mechanisms of creating an educational environment for children and youth on the basis of “partnership pedagogy” and gender “matrix” of humanistic pedagogical heritage are described.