Field Of Terminology Research Articles

Purification of medical terms in Turkish: A study on the significance of mother tongue for language and thought

Turkey has been witnessing purification activities in the field of medical terminology for a long period of time. However, the purified terms have not replaced the original ones possibly because of the lack of interest on the part of those who are engaged with purism. This is why Turkish cannot be used by the Turkish people as a language of science. Since there is a strong relationship between language and thought, an individual can think and act creatively through his/her mother tongue. Therefore, the present study concentrates on the concept of language, the close link between language and thought, the concept of native language, and the concept of terminology. In so doing, this study aims to argue for the significance of using mother tongue as the language of science. Within this scope, the study further focuses on some examples of purification such as the purification of the medical terminology.

Memory and Memories in lexical environment: bibliometric analysis of SSCI DB

The present study is an attempt to discover terms (both one-word terms and multiword sequences) by a formulae procedure called DSA (distributional statistical analysis). Some evidence of systemic relations between terms is also obtained. The data for the present bibliometric study were drawn from SSCI DB 2005, which includes many fields of social sciences (Economics, Neurosciences, Psychology etc.). Findings of the study show that each of multiword terms containing memory has a definite terminological field. The similarities and differences between those fields may serve as a base for constructing a semantic space of term MEMORY.

Multilingual termbase for the intersubject area of educational services

The problem of modeling subject areas based on corresponding fields of terminology remains a topical issue despite the existing diversity of representational forms for these models (rubricators, thesauri, frames). The development of technologies and available software environment promotes the creation of multipurpose terminological computer resources, which are distinguished by their informal capacity and simplicity of data input and processing. In the present paper, we substantiate approaches to the construction of a multilingual, multipurpose termbase as a model of a term field of a subject area. We also describe the infological model and principles of filling such a database based on material from the intersubject area of “educational services.”

Les termes juridiques français et slovaques du point de vue de leur formation et de leur motivation

The paper focuses on a highly specific lexical field of juridical terminology. The analysis of the word-formation process, which is generally called compounding, takes into consideration two types of coining new words in French, ``proper'' and ``improper'' compounding. These two types are compared to their Slovak equivalents in order to investigate differences in their motivation.

La definición en la terminología académica de la Universidad del Valle

Este artículo se centra en el estudio de la definición como un aspecto esencial en el campo de la terminología y como una de las fases que mayor interés teórico y metodológico suscitó durante la realización del proyecto Sistematización de la Terminología Académica de la Universidad del Valle, culminado en 2005. Se presentan, en primer lugar, los principios que orientan la elaboración de una definición, las diversas definiciones del concepto ‘definición’, así como los diferentes tipos de definición establecidos por importantes teóricos de la terminología. Luego se da cuenta de la metodología seguida para la compilación y elaboración de las definiciones en la investigación y se analizan las diferentes estructuras definicionales con el fin de identificar si la pertenencia a un campo o subcampo específico determina la estructura y el tipo de definición.

Reflections on eponyms in neuroscience terminology

Eponyms have played a very significant linguistic role in technical and scientific terminology. They are an important feature of language that have contributed for a long time to engraving in history the names of those researchers who have devoted their lives to scientific discovery. In the field of medical terminology, they are an asset, although their semantic effectiveness has constituted a long-standing debate. We will analyze how language contributes to the advance of science and technology and the current position of eponyms in the health sciences. Eponymy in neuroscience has been used for a long time as a way to identify and recognize scientific issues, such as diseases, syndromes, methods, processes, substances, organs, and parts of organs as a way to honor those who, in a certain way, contributed to the progress of science. However, sometimes those honors do not correspond to the real contributors, thus receiving a nondeserved acknowledgment. Another problem with eponymic references is the lack of information about the matter in hand, because eponyms do not provide any clear information leading to the identification of the situation under study, as they are not reasonably descriptive. The aim of this article is to encourage the use of descriptive terms instead of eponyms and to establish a system of scientific nomenclature to consolidate the use of the language as a means of conveying scientific information among experts.

Baba Yaga: The Ambiguous Mother and Witch of the Russian Folktale by Andreas s> Johns (review)

746 SEER, 84, 4, 2006 author indulges in excessive internationalizationof Ukrainian terms such as variatema (p. 308) instead of the literaryvariant, or manuskypt instead of rukopys, reaktyvovanyj 'revived'(p.307)or mentalizacja ternina (?- A. D.) (p. 348). Finally, five genitive forms used in the title of the article, 'Istoryc'ni variantni formy terminuvannjaosib-cleniv cernecoji spil'noty', are stylisticallyunacceptable. The last article by Natalija Purjajevadiscussesa wide range of Ukrainian religioustermsdenoting variousphenomena of the Orthodox rite:i) names of religious artifacts, the church and its parts, religious titles, participants of various religious services, rituals, and the liturgy;names of hymns, sermons, holidaysand Lents, 2) standardand substandardreligiousterms, 3) termsand nomenclature (names of religiousbooks, religiousholidays, Lents, and weeks) (PP.353-4Ii). The author analyses differenttypes of variants(semantic,phonetic , derivative and grammatical)used in this terminological field through the prism of puristicand archaisingtendencies operative in the nineteenth to twentieth centuries when the Ukrainian vernacular was actively absorbing church terminology. The study lacks, however, a cohesive conclusion which might help the readerplace thisterminologyin the context of the formationof the Ukrainian literary standard, as practised in Galicia and in the Dnieper Ukraine. In this respect, speaking about the Ukrainization of the church terminology as used in 'the East (Greek-Byzantine)rite with Ukrainian as its church language' (Pp.353, fn. I, 358, 405), this studywould benefit from classifyingchanges according to the two differenttraditionsof the normalization of the Ukrainian standardlanguage in the two historicalparts of Ukraine in the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries. Overall, the book under consideration is an impressive accomplishment. Offering a comprehensive insight into Ukrainian as a church language, this book is an innovativepublicationwhich sets out a new researchperspectivein the field. However, especiallyfor the case of such a pioneering endeavour, a few critical remarksare inevitable. Meticulously proof-read, the text of the book contains some bibliographicalitems which are missing in the bibliography , e.g., Synonima I964 (P. 322) (most likely, Synonima slavenorosskaja, ed. Vasyl' Nimcuk, Kyiv I964), Voznjak 19I2 (p. 23I). Notably absent from the book are indices. The reviewer has already mentioned stylisticshortcomings in the literarystandardused by the Ukrainiancontributors. Still, these are minor cavils, which can hardly detract from the benefits of this volume. Putting together a collection of essays by scholarsbelonging t;o differentresearchtraditionsis an extremelydifficulttask.In producingsuch a valuable collection, Michael Moser deservesour considerablethanks. PaceUniversity, New rork ANDRII DANYLENKO Johns, Andreas.Babaraga:TheAmbiguous Mother andWitch oftheRussian Folktale. InternationalFolkloristics,3. Peter Lang, New York, Bern and Oxford, 2004. vii + 357 pp. Tables. Notes. Appendices. Bibliography.Indexes. fi8.oo (paperback). No figure in the Russian folktale is better known than the Baba Jaga, and none has attracted so much scholarly attention. Although it is the wicked REVIEWS 747 cannibalistic laga who is familiar to most non-specialists, tales also feature a benign laga and one who may be both helpfuland hostile. In fact her image is profoundly ambiguous, and the author of this monograph suggests may always have been so. Most Soviet scholars,beginning with Vladimir Propp's Historical Rootsof theWondertale (Leningrad,1946), attempted to deal with this bifurcationof image in terms of historicalorigins and evolutionarystages of society from a matriarchal structure, in which the figure was benign, to a patriarchalwhere she was downgraded,derided and feared. There have been many interpretationsof her original function (guardianof the underworld, goddess of death, mistressof the animalsand forestand in charge of initiation rites and so on). However, as Jack Haney points out in his introductory volume to T7he Complete Russian Folktale (Armonk,NY, I999), variousfeaturesof the Russianfolktalecan be much betterunderstoodif the ritualsand beliefsof the traditionalpeasant environment in which it was recorded are explained. As AndreasJohns points out, though the connection with initiationritesmight perhaps explain the origin of the tale, what is important is the meaning the tale held through the centuries for tellers and listeners alike. Perhaps, he suggests,it is better to see ritualand tale as sharinga symbolismand the tale as recounting the passage of the hero or heroine through to adult life in its own way. He tackleshis topic by allying Freudianpsychologywith ethnography . Though the fairy tale has often attractedFreudiansandJungians, they have focused mainly on the general aspectsof human psychology reflectedin it. By bringingin social context, AndreasJohns is able to elucidatethe specific featuresof the...

Alimentary tract mucositis in cancer patients: impact of terminology and assessment on research and clinical practice

The field of terminology and assessment of oral and gastrointestinal mucosal injury caused by high-dose cancer therapies in cancer patients has undergone important evolution in recent years. The advances are important for several clinical and research reasons. These reasons include improved patient management and design and conduct of clinical trials based on molecularly targeted therapies. For several decades leading up to the 1980s, terminology was characterized by varying use of "mucositis" and "stomatitis" to describe oral mucosal inflammatory changes and ulceration caused by cancer treatments. In addition, oral mucositis was viewed principally as an epithelial event and one that likely did not intersect with causative mechanisms associated with gastrointestinal mucositis. The term "stomatitis" was directed to oral toxicities and seemed to isolate these conditions from parallel events occurring throughout the alimentary tract and potentially other tissues as well. These perspectives and varying use of these terms resulted in several dilemmas, including (1) difficulty in accurately reporting incidence and severity of oral mucositis and, (2) an under-appreciation of potential significance of alimentary tract mucosal toxicity relative to overall course of therapy, patient quality of life, and in some cases, survivorship. These and related components of the model relative to mucositis have undergone strategic shifts over the past 15 years. A 1989 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference targeted oral mucositis research as one of the key areas for investigation relative to causation, clinical impact, and potential links with other complications in cancer patients. Research in this area over the past 15 years has evolved such that oral and gastrointestinal mucositis are now appropriately framed as a continuum of pathobiologic changes over time, with clinical impact that may well contribute to overall symptom clustering in selected patient cohorts. This paper will review history, current status, and new research directions associated with terminology and assessment of mucosal injury in cancer patients in the context described above.

Semiosphere and/as the research object of semiotics of culture

Since 1984 when J. Lotman’s article “On semiosphere” was published, this concept has been moving from one terminological field to another. In the disciplinary terminological field of the Tartu–Moscow School semiotics of culture, ‘semiosphere’ is connected with terms ‘language — secondary modelling system — text — culture’. From interdisciplinary terminological fields, the associations either with biosphere and noosphere, or with logosphere, are more important. As a metadisciplinary concept, semiosphere belongs to the methodology of culture studies and is associated with the concepts of holism and the part and the whole. In this context, semiosphere marks the complementarity of disciplines studying culture, the movement towards the creation of general culture studies and “understanding methodology”. On the background of the contemporary trends of science it has to be remembered that semiosphere is simultaneously an object- and a metaconcept. The dynamism of culture as a research object forces science to search for new description languages but the new description languages in turn influence the cultural dynamics as they offer new possibilities for selfdescription. Often, however, from a historical perspective, a new description language is nothing but a methodological translation. Thus also the term semiosphere joins together several concepts that are related to semiotics of culture and that have gained new relevance on the background of the culture’s developmental dynamics. The concept of semiosphere brings semiotics of culture again into contact with its history, as it also brings applicational cultural analysis into contact with the history of culture and with the newest phenomena in culture. These contacts determine the place of the semiotics of culture among the sciences studying culture.

Terminology setting for ‘minority’ languages within an ultra prescriptive framework

Although centred on the specific terminological field of foreign place names within the particular context of the Galizan language, this paper is also concerned with the much wider issues of methodological coherence in neology and corpus planning on the whole and the impact on non-standardised languages, particularly in highly prescriptive settings, with potential consequences for status planning.

Terminologia e neologia

Este trabalho procura mostrar as relações existentes entre terminologia e neologia, que podem ser situadas desde que os primeiros homens começaram a denominar conceitos e elementos referenciais do mundo em que viviam. Apresenta o conceito de neologia e sua evolução, determinada a partir da década de 80 como conseqüência do desenvolvimento crescente das atividades de caráter terminológico. Em seguida, apresenta os processos de formação de neologismos terminológicos — derivação, composição, transferência semântica, empréstimo de outros idiomas, truncação —, exemplificando-os por meio de exemplos extraídos da terminologia da Inteligência Artificial.

Activities Relating to Space Technology

The paper presents the French organization in the field of space science and technology terminology (in French “spatiologie”).

Was Rome a Polis?

The absorption of the Greek world into the Roman empire created intellectual problems on several levels. In the first instance, Greek confidence in the superiority of Hellenic culture made explanations for the swiftness of Roman conquest all the more necessary. In accounting for Rome's success, Greeks focused on the structure and character of the Roman state, on Roman attitudes towards citizenship, and on the nature of the Roman constitution. Greeks initially attempted to understand Roman institutions and beliefs by assimilating them to paradigms within Hellenistic political thought. On the one hand, this process tended to obscure substantial differences between Greek and Roman political theory. At the same time, appreciation of Rome's relations with Italy created a means through which Greeks could imagine their own integration into the Roman community. Among the conceptual models available to Greeks of this age, only the polis provided a paradigm for a collectivity in which individuals had equal rights and toward which they directed their patriotic sentiments. That Roman Italy was not a polis did not force the coinage of new terminology: the polis formed a conceptual boundary that Hellenistic political philosophy never truly escaped. Repeated construals of Roman ideas and institutions on analogy with polis-based models ultimately forced a shift in the semantic fields of Greek political terminology and altered Greeks' conceptual archetype of the political collectivity. This process provided a framework within which Greeks could justify their wholesale participation in imperial culture and political life: they could, on these terms, argue that the gradual evolution of the world toward a single, unified empire actualized man's natural tendency to center his life around a single polis.

Base de Dados Textuais e Automatização do Trabalho em Terminografia

<span>Este trabalho tem como objectivo, primeiramente, a apresentação das actividades desenvolvidas, no âmbito da terminologia e da terminografia, na Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Visa também a mostrar como os <em>softwares</em> designados hipertextos e os <em>softwares</em> de leitura óptica ampliam e enriquecem o trabalho em terminologia e terminografia.</span>

Hacia una caracterización semántica de la terminología lingüística

The main aims of this article are to undertake a study, based upon an analysis of linguistic terms such as moneme, morpheme, semantics, semasiology, onomasiology, signification, etc., of how certain lexical relationships in this terminological field are presented, and to reflect upon the special semantic characteristics of this technical lexicon in relation to the principles which govern other scientific terminologies.

Kommunikationsprobleme in der medizinhistorischen Mittelalterforschung

Although medieval medical research on scientific prose has a tradition of a hundred years, its results are largely ignored by the scientific community. The reason for this is not only a shift of interest towards the social history of medicine but, more important, a deficiency in the fields of systematology and terminology which makes communication difficult, if not impossible. Most regrettable is the lack of a comprehensive review of the texts and their topics which could serve as a basis for further methodological discussion.

Mechanisms of vegetation succession: a review of concepts and perspectives

Vegetation succession has been the subject of many papers and several reviews. Nevertheless, there is much confusion in the field of terminology. The concept of vegetation succession has been gradually abandoned in favour of the more general term vegetation change (Burrows 1990). Phenomenological terms have been created to suggest knowledge of mechanisms, and these are labelled with terms such as ‘models’ (Connell & Slatyer 1977; Burrows 1990), ‘scenarios’ (Peet 1992), or ‘classes’ (Zobel & Masing 1987; Glenn-Lewin & Van der Maarel 1992). Pickett et al. (1987) distinguished between pathways, causes and mechanisms of vegetation succession, and made an attempt to relate these to Connell & Slatyer’s models. When distinguishing between autogenic and allogenic mechanisms, following Tansley (1935), the use of these terms is confusing if they are applied at different levels of organization (vegetation, ecosystem). In addition, we can only guess in which way recent mechanistic terms, such as soil-driven dynamics and transient dynamics (Tilman 1988), lit to these notions. Plant competition has for long been recognized as an important mechanism of vegetation succession. The move, during the last decennium, from a phenomenological approach towards a mechanistic approach in the research on plant competition (reviewed by Grace & Tilman 1990), has also positively influenced the view on mechanisms of vegetation change (Tilman 1988; Berendse & Elberse 1990). The emphasis on competition, however, might result in an underestimation of other mechanisms of vegetation change. Overall, we felt challenged to review several concepts with regard to vegetation succession, focusing in particular on an evaluation of the perspectives they provide to enlarge our understanding of the mechanisms of vegetation succession. Only such knowledge enables the formulation of useful hypotheses and predictions. For this purpose, we first review concepts concerning vegetation and succession, and then attempt to create some order in the use of terms, thus providing a framework for further conceptual and experimental work. We will not repeat earlier reviews, but rather use their conclusions for the present purpose.

Principles of Radiation Shielding

"Principles of Radiation Shielding." Nuclear Technology, 74(1), pp. 104–105 Additional informationNotes on contributorsG. HehnDr. G. Hehn is deputy head of the reactor physics department of the Institute of Nuclear Technology (IKE), University of Stuttgart. Federal Republic of Germany. His main fields of research are radiation shielding in fission and fusion technology, radiation damage, and diagnostic application of radiation. As an expert he participated in several technical program committees of international conferences and in various specialists’ meetings of the International Atomic Energy Agency and Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. He is an active member of the German Nuclear Society, KTG, and has a hobby in the field of nuclear terminology being chairman of the pertinent section in the German Standardization Organization, DIN.

The Soslovie (Estate) Paradigm and Russian Social History

IN A SERIES OF LECTURES delivered nearly a century ago, Vasilii 0. Kliuchevskii, the dean of prerevolutionary Russian historians, complained that scholars had studied particular groups in Russia but not the larger social structure.1 Since then historians have written many more studies of specific groups but have yet to reconsider traditional assumptions and ideas about prerevolutionary Russian society that still pervade the historiography. The persistence of antiquated sociological views, for the most part formulated in the second half of the nineteenth century, stands in striking contrast to other fields of European history, where stratification, terminology, and patterns of social change have been the focus of a continuing and much-needed debate. But in Russian historiography the fundamental conceptions of prerevolutionary historians have been uncritically preserved, even in the most sophisticated studies of individual groups, and historians have casually used such basic terms as class and interchangeably.2 At the core of prerevolutionary historiography is a cluster of ideas about Russia's peculiar system of 4estates (sosloviia; in the singular, soslovie) and their development in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The traditional conception of the social structure posited the existence of four main estates (nobility, clergy, townspeople, and peasantry)-a model not unlike the formal structure of medieval Europe. Such a simple system, which seemed logical enough in preindustrial Russia, enjoyed widespread acceptance in both scholarly and popular writings. To quote one historian-journalist, writing in 1859, Every estate has its own role in the state: the clergy pray, the nobles serve in war and peace, the peasants plough and feed the people, and the merchants are the means that provide each with what it needs.'3 The idea of four estates was, moreover, explicitly recognized in Russian

Terminological Data Banks: a model for a British Linguistic Data Bank (LDB)

A description of a model linguistic data bank (LDB) for a British market will be given, based on the results of a continuing feasibility study. A LDB represents an economical and highly efficient way of organizing Britain's efforts in the field of terminology, both with respect to English and the many foreign languages through which contact is maintained with non‐English speaking countries. The institutional and organizational structure will be outlined. Emphasis will be placed on services to be provided to various groups, and in particular to translators, and on the important role these groups will play in assuring the continued viability and relevance of the LDB, not only as users, but as contributors and advisers. Data acquisition policy and financial aspects will be considered. A multilingual, multidisciplinary British LDB will provide translators with a valuable service, whose applications are many, whose products are varied to, cater for a wide range of needs, whose terminology is continually revised and updated and whose modes of consultation are several.